Mukakhazikitsa machitidwe opangidwa kale a ERP, 53% yamakampani zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimafunikira kusintha kwamabizinesi ndi njira zamabizinesi, ndipo 44% yamakampani amakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu zaukadaulo. M'nkhani zotsatizana, tidzafotokozera zomwe ERP ili, momwe imapindulitsa, momwe mungadziwire kufunikira kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwake, zomwe muyenera kudziwa posankha wopereka nsanja ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
Lingaliro la dongosolo la ERP limachokera ku USA ndipo limamasuliridwa ngati makonzedwe azinthu zamabizinesi - Enterprise Resource Planning. M'maphunziro, zikuwoneka ngati izi: "ERP ndi njira yabungwe yophatikizira kupanga ndi magwiridwe antchito, kasamalidwe ka ntchito, kasamalidwe kachuma ndi kasamalidwe ka katundu, imayang'ana kwambiri kulinganiza kosalekeza ndi kukhathamiritsa kwazinthu zamabizinesi pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapadera, yophatikizika yamapulogalamu (mapulogalamu) omwe imapereka chitsanzo chofanana cha deta ndi njira zamagulu onse a ntchito."
Wopereka aliyense amatha kumvetsetsa dongosolo lomwe adapanga mwanjira yake, kutengera zomwe amayang'ana komanso ntchito zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo limodzi la ERP ndiloyenera kugulitsa malonda, koma siliyenera kuyeretsa mafuta. Komanso, kampani iliyonse ndi antchito ake omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nsanja amalingalira mosiyana, kutengera gawo lomwe amakumana nalo pantchito yawo.
Pachimake chake, ERP ndi dongosolo lazidziwitso loyang'anira njira zonse zamabizinesi ndi zida zamakampani potengera database imodzi.
Chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira dongosolo la ERP?
Monga dongosolo lililonse lazidziwitso, ERP imagwira ntchito ndi data. Wogwira ntchito aliyense ndi dipatimenti nthawi zonse amapanga zambiri zama megabytes. Mu bungwe laling'ono, woyang'anira ali ndi mwayi wopeza chidziwitso chonse ndi nthawi yowunikira ndondomeko. Ngati kuchuluka kwa data kumapangidwa mkati mwa njira imodzi kapena ziwiri zabizinesi, ndiye kuti woyang'anira amangofunika kuziyika pa digito ndi mayankho omwe akutsata a IT. Nthawi zambiri, bungwe limagula mapulogalamu owerengera ndalama, mwachitsanzo, CRM.
Pamene kampani ikukula, njira zomwe poyamba zinkatenga nthawi yochepa kuti zisamalidwe zimasinthidwa kukhala zambiri zambiri. Mogwirizana ndi njira zina zamabizinesi, kufalikira kwa zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana kumafuna ogwira ntchito akuluakulu kuti aziphatikiza ndi kuzisanthula. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la ERP limafunikira osati ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, koma ndi mabizinesi apakatikati ndi akulu.
Momwe mungamvetsetse kuti kampani ikufunika dongosolo la ERP
Nkhani yodziwika kwa makasitomala athu imakhala motere. Panthawi ina, zimawonekeratu kuti njira zonse zazikuluzikulu ndizodziwikiratu, ndipo kugwira ntchito bwino sikuwonjezeka.
Zikuoneka kuti ndondomeko iliyonse ili mu dongosolo lake lachidziwitso. Kuti awalumikize, ogwira ntchito amalowetsa pamanja deta mudongosolo lililonse, kenako oyang'anira amasonkhanitsa pamanja zomwe zabwerezedwa kuti azisanthula zomwe kampani yonse ikuchita. M'malo mwake, makina ogwirira ntchito oterowo amakhala opindulitsa mpaka pamlingo wina. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kudziwa nthawi yochita bwino kwambiri zisanachitike, osati pamene kuli kofunikira kusintha njira zamachitidwe mwadzidzidzi.
Palibe machitidwe azidziwitso omwe anganene kuti nthawi yafika pomwe kampaniyo yakula mpaka pomwe dongosolo la ERP likufunika. Zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi zikuwonetsa zizindikiro zazikulu za 4 zomwe zingakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa izi:
Palibe deta yokwanira kupanga chisankho chodziwitsidwa kasamalidwe.
Chisankho chilichonse mubizinesi chimakhala ndi zotulukapo zomwe pamapeto pake zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwachuma kapena, kumbali ina, muzopeza. Ubwino wa chisankho umadalira zambiri zomwe zachokera. Ngati deta ili yachikale, yosakwanira kapena yolakwika, chigamulocho chidzakhala cholakwika kapena chosayenerera.
Zifukwa zazikulu zosagwirizana ndi chidziwitso:
-
zidziwitso zofunikira zimabalalika pakati pa ogwira ntchito ndi madipatimenti;
-
palibe malamulo osonkhanitsa deta;
-
Zambiri zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi antchito omwe ali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana komanso nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Ndi nsanja ya ERP yomwe ikugwirizana ndi bizinesi yanu, mutha kuyika deta yanu yonse pakati. Chidziwitso chonse chimapangidwa ndi wogwira ntchito aliyense ndi dipatimenti mu dongosolo limodzi munthawi yeniyeni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zomwe inu ndi wina aliyense pakampani mungafune zimakhala zolondola komanso zaposachedwa momwe mungathere.
Kupanda kuphatikizika pakati pa machitidwe a IT kumabweretsa kulephera kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikulepheretsa kukula kwamakampani.
Dongosolo lililonse la IT lili ndi zofunikira zake pamawonekedwe a data, omangidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana, mfundo ndi zilankhulo zamapulogalamu. Izi zikuwonekera mu ntchito ya ogwira ntchito, omwe amalumikizana ngati m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana, komanso kuthamanga kwa kuyankhulana.
Dongosolo la ERP limaphatikiza ntchito zapayekha kukhala malo amodzi ophatikizika komanso osavuta kumva. Dongosolo la ERP limagwira ntchito ngati womasulira, kumalankhula zilankhulo zingapo zamapulogalamu kuti zitsimikizire mgwirizano komanso kusasinthika.
Makasitomala anu sakukondwera ndi ntchitoyi.
Ngati makasitomala akudandaula kapena kuchoka, muyenera kuganizira za kuchita bwino. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chofuna kuchulukirachulukira, kubweretsa mochedwa, kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono, kapena kungomva kuti bizinesi ilibe ndalama kapena nthawi yosamalira kasitomala aliyense.
Bizinesi ikakula mpaka yapakati kapena yayikulu, ERP imatembenuza makasitomala osakhutira kukhala okhulupirika. Makasitomala amayamba kumva kusintha kwautumiki ndikuwona kusintha pamodzi ndi kampaniyo.
Mukugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe akale.
Malingana ndi Veeam 2020 Data Protection Trends Report, chotchinga chachikulu pakusintha kwamabizinesi a digito ndi matekinoloje akale. Ngati kampani ikugwirabe ntchito ndi machitidwe olowera pamanja kapena zikalata zamapepala, ndiye kuti panthawi ya mliri idzasiyidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, makina a IT amakampani amatha kukhala amakono koma osokonekera. Pankhaniyi, dipatimenti iliyonse imapanga bunker yakeyake, zomwe zimatuluka mumlingo kapena molakwika. Ngati kuphatikiza kwa machitidwe a munthu payekha kuli kokwera mtengo kwambiri kapena kosatheka, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kuwasintha kukhala ERP imodzi.
Ndi phindu lanji lomwe dongosolo la ERP limapereka kwa bizinesi?
Dongosolo la ERP ndi chinthu chomwe kampani imagula ndi ndalama zake. Kukhazikitsidwa kwake kumawonedwa ngati ndalama zomwe ziyenera kubweretsa phindu. Palibe wopanga makina a ERP omwe amatsimikizira kuti izi zibweretsa kukula kwa kampani. Ndipo izi sizikugwira ntchito ku machitidwe a ERP okha, komanso pamayankho aliwonse a IT. Komabe, zabwino zonse pakukhazikitsa zimakhudzira phindu:
Kusungirako pa machitidwe a IT
M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito ndalama pamakina angapo osiyanasiyana, iliyonse yomwe imafunikira thandizo lapadera, zomangamanga, ziphaso, ndi maphunziro a ogwira ntchito, mutha kuyika ndalama zonse papulatifomu imodzi ya ERP. Zili ndi ma modules omwe amalowetsa machitidwe osiyana ndi magawo ophatikizika.
Ngati dongosolo la ERP lipangidwa kuchokera pachiyambi kuti likwaniritse zosowa za kampani inayake, likhoza kuphatikizapo machitidwe ndi mautumiki omwe angakhale abwino kwa mabizinesi, ogulitsa, makasitomala ndi ena ogwira nawo ntchito.
Kuwonekera kwathunthu
ERP imapatsa oyang'anira mwayi wopeza njira zonse zamabizinesi a dipatimenti iliyonse 24/7. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuyang'anira zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikiza zomwe mwakonzekera ndikubweretsa paulendo. Kukhala ndi chithunzi chathunthu chamagulu azinthu kumakupatsani mwayi wowongolera bwino ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Malipoti odzichitira okha komanso kukonza kwamphamvu
ERP imapanga njira imodzi, yogwirizana yoperekera malipoti pamachitidwe onse. Zimapanga zokha malipoti othandiza komanso ma analytics nthawi iliyonse. Ndi izo, oyang'anira sadzasowa kusonkhanitsa pamanja ma spreadsheets ndi makalata.
Chifukwa chake, nsanjayi imamasula nthawi yokonzekera bwino, kusanthula bwino komanso kufananiza magwiridwe antchito a dipatimenti. Dongosolo la ERP limathandiza kupeza zomwe zikuchitika mu analytics zomwe sizinawonekere kale ndipo zinalibe mwayi woziwona.
Kuwonjezeka kwachangu
ERP yokha si mankhwala. Ndikofunika kuti musamangotsatira zomwe bizinesi ili nayo, komanso kuti muyigwiritse ntchito moyenera. Malinga ndi Ndi 315 off-the-shelf ERP systems providers, gawo la machitidwe omwe anali opambana pang'ono anali pafupifupi pakati pa 25 ndi 41 peresenti, malingana ndi mafakitale. ERP yoyenera imachepetsa kwambiri nthawi ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yachizolowezi.
Ntchito yamakasitomala
Kuthandizira makasitomala ndi gawo lalikulu la bizinesi. Dongosolo la ERP limasintha chidwi cha ogwira ntchito kuchoka pakusunga zolembera zamakasitomala kupita kukupanga ndi kusunga ubale ndi makasitomala.
Ziwerengero zikusonyeza kuti 84 peresenti ya makasitomala mu kampani ngati salandira mayankho okwanira ku mafunso. ERP imapatsa wogwira ntchito zidziwitso zonse zofunika komanso mbiri yamakasitomala panthawi yolumikizana. Ndi izi, ogwira ntchito samachita ndi maulamuliro, koma ndi kukopa ndi kusunga makasitomala. Makasitomala amamva phindu la kukhazikitsidwa kwake, ngakhale osadziwa zakusintha kwamakampani.
Chitetezo cha data
Palibe dongosolo lazidziwitso lomwe lingapereke chitsimikizo chokwanira cha chitetezo cha data. Deta yaumwini ya makasitomala ndi antchito, maimelo, nzeru, deta yachuma, ma invoice, makontrakitala - machitidwe ambiri omwe amakonza chidziwitsochi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kufufuza zoopsa. Dongosolo la ERP limayambitsa miyezo yofananira yofikira, kuyika deta ndi kutulutsa, komanso kusungirako chidziwitso chapakati.
Komabe, kukula kwa msika wa makina opangidwa okonzeka a ERP, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovutitsidwa ndi owononga. Zingakhale zabwino kupanga makina anu a ERP, ma code maziko omwe inu nokha mungakhale nawo. Ngati makina a ERP a kampani yanu apangidwa kuchokera pachiyambi, owononga sangathe kupeza makope a dongosololi kuti ayese ngati ali pachiwopsezo choyamba.
Kugwira ntchito mogwirizana
Nthawi zambiri chidwi cha mgwirizano pakati pa madipatimenti kapena ogwira ntchito chimazimiririka chifukwa kusamutsa deta kumafuna ntchito zambiri zachizolowezi kapena chifukwa chamalingaliro akampani. Dongosolo logwirizana limagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wodziwa zambiri, limachotsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika pamunthu ndikufulumizitsa kulumikizana mkati mwa kampani.
Njira zamabizinesi ogwirizana
Machitidwe a ERP omangidwa kale amapangidwa motsatira njira zabwino zamakampani. Izi zimalola mabizinesi kulinganiza njira zawo.
Komabe, zenizeni, bizinesi iyenera kupanga chisankho chovuta: mwina zimatenga nthawi yayitali komanso yokwera mtengo kukhazikitsa ndikusintha dongosolo la ERP kuti likwaniritse zofunikira zabizinesiyo, kapena ndizowawa kusintha mabizinesi awo kuti agwirizane ndi bizinesiyo. miyezo ya ERP system.
Pali njira yachitatu - kukhazikitsa dongosolo la bizinesi yanu.
Scalability
Kaya mukukulitsa makasitomala anu, kukulitsa misika yatsopano, kuyambitsa njira zatsopano, madipatimenti kapena zinthu zatsopano, kapena kukulitsa bizinesi yanu, ndi ogulitsa oyenera, nsanja yanu ya ERP imatha kusintha kuti isinthe.
Popeza dongosolo la ERP likugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zonse za kampani, mndandanda wa zopindulitsa ukhoza kuwonjezeka kutengera zomwe zili. Pali mayankho ambiri okonzeka opangidwa pamsika omwe amakakamiza ogula kuti azilembetsa, kuthamanga kwa zosintha ndi kuthandizira, magwiridwe antchito otsekedwa ndi zomangamanga - mkati mwa wopereka m'modzi. Kungopanga makina anu a ERP kumakupatsani mwayi wambiri popanda zoletsa zilizonse.
Werengani nkhani zotsatirazi kuti mudziwe momwe mungasankhire wopanga makina a ERP, ndi mafunso ati omwe mungafunse kuti musataye ndalama, ndi zomwe muyenera kuziganizira pokonzekera kukhazikitsa.
Source: www.habr.com