Ndapeza nkhaniyi posachedwa: . Ndikufuna kugawana nawo malingaliro anga pa muyezo.
/ bin
Lili ndi malamulo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi woyang'anira dongosolo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, koma omwe ndi ofunikira ngati palibe mafayilo ena omwe amaikidwa (mwachitsanzo, mumsewu wa munthu mmodzi). Itha kukhalanso ndi malamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira ina ndi zolemba.
Magulu otsatirawa akuyembekezeka kupezeka kumeneko:
mphaka, chgrp, chmod, chown, cp, tsiku, dd, df, dmesg, Tchulani, zabodza, dzina lake, kupha, ln, Lowani muakaunti, ls, mkdir, mknod, Zambiri, Phiri, mv, ps, pwd, rm, ndi rm, ludzu, sh, stty, su, Sync, koona, kuchuluka, uname.
Mutha kupanga ma symlink ku / usr, koma ngakhale m'masiku a systemd / usr sichipezeka pa chipangizo chosiyana, imatha kupezekabe pamakina ophatikizidwa, kuwala kwa magalimoto, chopukusira khofi ndi PDP-11 yothandiza kwambiri. chipangizo mu imodzi mwa ma laboratories a Academy of Sciences.
/ sbin
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira dongosolo (ndi malamulo ena a mizu yokha), / sbin imakhala ndi ma binaries omwe amafunikira kuti ayambe, kubwezeretsa, kubwezeretsa, ndi / kapena kubwezeretsa dongosololi kuwonjezera pa ma binaries mu / bin. Mapulogalamu omwe amayenda pambuyo /usr atayikidwa (palibe mavuto) nthawi zambiri amayikidwa mu /usr/sbin. Mapulogalamu oyendetsera makina okhazikitsidwa kwanuko akuyenera kuyikidwa mu /usr/local/sbin.
Zoyembekezeredwa:
fastboot, fasthalt, fdisk, fsck, getty, halt, ifconfig, init, mkfs, mkswap, reboot, njira, swapon, swapoff, update.
Imodzi mwa njira zotetezera dongosolo ku manja osewerera a ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuletsa aliyense kugwiritsa ntchito izi pokhazikitsa x mawonekedwe.
Kuonjezera apo, kuchotsa / bin ndi / sbin ndi makope kuchokera ku archive (zofanana ndi machitidwe onse amtundu womwewo) ndi njira yofulumira yokonza machitidwe popanda woyang'anira phukusi.
/ usr / bin
Zonse ndi zophweka apa. Malamulo amtundu womwewo, ofanana ndi ma seva onse / ogaya khofi a kampaniyo. Ndipo / usr palokha imatha kutumizidwa chimodzimodzi kwa ma OS osiyanasiyana (kwa / bin ndi / sbin izi sizigwira ntchito), awa ndi mapulogalamu odziyimira pawokha. Itha kukhala ndi maulalo kwa omasulira a perl kapena python, omwe ali mkati / opt kapena kwinakwake pamaneti.
/ usr / sbin
Zofanana ndi /usr/bin, koma zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma admins okha.
/usr/local/bin ndi /usr/local/sbin
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi china chilichonse, / usr sizingakhale zofanana pagulu lonse. Pali mapulogalamu odalira OS, otengera hardware, komanso mapulogalamu omwe safunikira pazida zonse. Mukagwirizanitsa /usr pamakina, /usr/local sayenera kuphatikizidwa.
/nyumba/$USER/bin
Pano mlanduwu ndi wofanana ndi /usr/local, pali mapulogalamu okhawo omwe ali ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Itha kusamutsidwa (kapena kulumikizidwa) ku makina ena pamene wogwiritsa ntchito asuntha. Zomwe sizingasamutsidwe zimasungidwa mu /home/$USER/.local/bin. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kwanuko popanda dontho. /home/$USER/sbin ikusowa pazifukwa zodziwikiratu.
Ndidzakondwera kuwona zowongolera ndi zowonjezera.
Source: www.habr.com