Kutengera pazokambirana
Posachedwapa, nkhondo zenizeni zayamba chifukwa cha tanthauzo la DevOps ndi SRE.
Ngakhale kuti m'njira zambiri zokambirana pamutuwu zandiyambitsa kale mano, kuphatikizapo ine, ndinaganiza zobweretsa maganizo anga pamutuwu ku khoti la anthu a Habra. Kwa omwe ali ndi chidwi, olandilidwa paka. Ndipo zonse ziyambe mwatsopano!
prehistory
Chifukwa chake, m'nthawi zakale, gulu la opanga mapulogalamu ndi oyang'anira ma seva amakhala padera. Woyamba adalemba bwino kachidindo, chachiwiri, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu ofunda, okondana opita kwa woyamba, adakhazikitsa ma seva, nthawi ndi nthawi amabwera kwa opanga ndikulandila "zonse zimagwira ntchito pamakina anga." Bizinesiyo inali kuyembekezera pulogalamuyo, zonse zinali zopanda pake, zimasweka nthawi ndi nthawi, aliyense anali wamantha. Makamaka amene adalipira chisokonezo chonsechi. Nthawi ya nyali yaulemerero. Chabwino, mukudziwa kale komwe DevOps imachokera.
Kubadwa kwa machitidwe a DevOps
Kenako anyamata akulu adabwera nati - iyi si bizinesi, simungagwire ntchito monga choncho. Ndipo adabweretsa zitsanzo zozungulira moyo. Pano, mwachitsanzo, ndi V-model.
Ndiye tikuwona chiyani? Bizinesi imabwera ndi lingaliro, njira zopangira mapulani, opanga amalemba ma code, kenako amalephera. Winawake amayesa mankhwalawo, wina amawapereka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo penapake pakupanga kwachitsanzo ichi chozizwitsa amakhala wosungulumwa wamalonda akudikirira nyengo yolonjezedwa pafupi ndi nyanja. Tinafika pamapeto kuti tikufuna njira zomwe zingatilole kukhazikitsa ndondomekoyi. Ndipo tinaganiza zopanga machitidwe omwe angawagwiritse ntchito.
Kusiya kwanyimbo pamutu wa zomwe mchitidwe uli
Mwakuchita ndikutanthauza kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo ndi mwambo. Chitsanzo ndi mchitidwe wofotokozera zomangamanga pogwiritsa ntchito terraform code. Chilango ndi momwe mungafotokozere zomangamanga ndi code, zili m'mutu wa omanga, ndipo teknoloji ndiyo terraform yokha.
Ndipo adaganiza zowatcha machitidwe a DevOps - ndikuganiza kuti amatanthawuza kuchokera ku Development to Operations. Tinabwera ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zanzeru - machitidwe a CI/CD, machitidwe ozikidwa pa mfundo ya IaC, masauzande aiwo. Ndipo timapita, opanga amalemba kachidindo, akatswiri a DevOps amasintha mafotokozedwe a dongosololi mu mawonekedwe a kachidindo kukhala machitidwe ogwirira ntchito (inde, codeyo ndi, mwatsoka, kufotokozera, koma osati mawonekedwe a dongosolo), kutumiza kumapitirira, ndi zina zotero. Oyang'anira dzulo, atadziwa bwino machitidwe atsopano, adadzikuzanso ngati mainjiniya a DevOps, ndipo zonse zidachoka pamenepo. Ndipo panali madzulo, ndipo panali mmawa^Pepani, osati kuchokera kumeneko.
Sizili bwino kachiwiri, zikomo Mulungu
Chilichonse chitangokhazikika, ndipo "akatswiri amisala" osiyanasiyana adayamba kulemba mabuku akulu pa machitidwe a DevOps, mikangano idayamba mwakachetechete ponena za yemwe anali injiniya wodziwika bwino wa DevOps ndikuti DevOps ndi chikhalidwe chopanga, kusakhutira kudayambanso. Mwadzidzidzi zinapezeka kuti kutumiza mapulogalamu ndi ntchito yosakhala yachidule. Chitukuko chilichonse chili ndi mulu wake, kwinakwake muyenera kusonkhanitsa, kwinakwake muyenera kuyika chilengedwe, apa mukufunikira Tomcat, apa mukufunikira njira yochenjera komanso yovuta kuti muyiyambitse - kawirikawiri, mutu wanu ukugunda. Ndipo vuto, modabwitsa, lidakhala makamaka m'gulu la njira - ntchito yoperekera iyi, ngati botolo, idayamba kuletsa njira. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe amene adaletsa Ntchito. Siziwoneka mu V-model, komabe pali njira yonse ya moyo kumanja. Chotsatira chake, m'pofunika mwanjira ina kukonza zowonongeka, kuyang'anira, kuthetsa zochitika, komanso kuthana ndi kutumiza. Iwo. khalani ndi phazi limodzi mu chitukuko ndi ntchito - ndipo mwadzidzidzi zinakhala Development & Operations. Ndiyeno panali hype wamba kwa microservices. Ndipo ndi iwo, chitukuko cha makina am'deralo chinayamba kusunthira kumtambo - yesetsani kuthetsa chinachake kwanuko, ngati pali ma microservices ambiri ndi mazana, ndiye kuti kubereka kosalekeza kumakhala njira yopulumutsira. Kwa "kampani yaying'ono" zinali bwino, komabe? Nanga bwanji Google?
SRE ndi Google
Google idabwera, idadya cacti yayikulu ndikusankha - sitikufuna izi, tikufuna kudalirika. Ndipo kudalirika kuyenera kuyendetsedwa. Ndipo ndinaganiza kuti tifunika akatswiri amene adzatha kudalirika. Ndidawatcha mainjiniya a SR ndikuti, ndi zanu, chitani bwino monga mwanthawi zonse. Nayi SLI, nayi SLO, nayi kuwunika. Ndipo iye anasolola mphuno yake mu maopareshoni. Ndipo adamutcha "DevOps" wake SRE. Chilichonse chikuwoneka kuti chili bwino, koma pali kuthyolako kodetsa komwe Google ingakwanitse - paudindo wa akatswiri a SR, kulemba ganyu anthu omwe anali opanga oyenerera komanso adachita homuweki pang'ono ndikumvetsetsa momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwirira ntchito. Komanso, Google mwiniwake ali ndi vuto lolemba anthu ntchito - makamaka chifukwa apa akupikisana nawo - ndikofunikira kufotokozera malingaliro abizinesi kwa wina. Kutumiza kunaperekedwa kuti amasule amisiri, SR - akatswiri amayang'anira kudalirika (zowona, osati mwachindunji, koma mwa kulimbikitsa zomangamanga, kusintha zomangamanga, kutsata kusintha ndi zizindikiro, kuthana ndi zochitika). Chabwino, mungathe . Koma bwanji ngati simuli Google, koma kudalirika kumadetsabe nkhawa mwanjira ina?
Kupanga malingaliro a DevOps
Nthawi yomweyo Docker adafika, yomwe idakula kuchokera ku lxc, kenako zida zingapo zoyimba monga Docker Swarm ndi Kubernetes, ndipo mainjiniya a DevOps adatulutsa mpweya - kugwirizanitsa machitidwe kumathandizira kuperekera mosavuta. Zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti zitheke ngakhale kutumiza kunja kwa opanga - what is deployment.yaml. Containerization imathetsa vutoli. Ndipo kukhwima kwa machitidwe a CI / CD ali kale pamsinkhu wolemba fayilo imodzi ndipo timapita - omanga angathe kuthana nawo okha. Ndiyeno timayamba kulankhula za momwe tingapangire SRE yathu, ndi ... kapena osachepera ndi wina.
SRE ilibe pa Google
Chabwino, chabwino, tidapereka zoperekerazo, zikuwoneka kuti tikhoza kutulutsa mpweya, kubwerera kumasiku abwino akale, pamene ma admins adayang'ana katundu wa purosesa, kuwongolera machitidwe ndikumwetulira mwakachetechete chinthu chosamvetsetseka kuchokera ku makapu mwamtendere ndi bata ... Imani. Ichi sichifukwa chake tinayambitsa zonse (zomwe ndi zachisoni!). Mwadzidzidzi, zikuwoneka kuti munjira ya Google titha kutengera machitidwe abwino kwambiri - sizinthu zonyamula purosesa zomwe ndizofunikira, osati momwe timasinthira ma disks pamenepo, kapena kukhathamiritsa mtengo mumtambo, koma ma metric abizinesi ndi omwe amadziwika bwino. SLx. Ndipo palibe amene wachotsa kasamalidwe ka zomangamanga kwa iwo, ndipo amayenera kuthetsa zochitika, ndikukhala pa ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba pamabizinesi. Ndipo anyamata, yambani kupanga pang'onopang'ono pamlingo wabwino, Google ikukuyembekezerani kale.
Kufotokozera mwachidule. Mwadzidzidzi, koma mwatopa kale kuwerenga ndipo simungadikire kulavulira ndikulembera wolemba mu ndemanga pankhaniyi. DevOps ngati njira yobweretsera nthawi zonse imakhalapo ndipo idzakhalapo. Ndipo sizikupita kulikonse. SRE monga njira zogwirira ntchito zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke bwino.
Source: www.habr.com