Mu 2015 ARIN (yoyang'anira dera la North America) wolembetsa yemwe watopetsa IPv4 dziwe. Ndipo mu Novembala, RIPE, yomwe imagawa zinthu ku Europe ndi Asia, idasowanso ma adilesi.
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Zomwe zikuchitika ku RIPE
Mu 2012, R.I.P.E. za chiyambi cha kugawidwa kwa chipika chomaliza /8. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kasitomala aliyense wolembetsa amatha kulandira ma adilesi a 1024, omwe adachepetsa pang'ono kuchepa kwa dziwe. Koma mu 2015, RIPE inali ndi ma IP aulere okwana 16 miliyoni; m'chilimwe cha 2019, chiwerengerochi chidatsika. .
Kumapeto kwa November RIPE , momwe iwo adanena kuti wolembayo adapereka IP yomaliza ndipo zida zake zidatha. Kuyambira pano, dziwe lidzawonjezeredwa kokha kuchokera ku ma adilesi omwe amabwezeretsedwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Adzagawidwa motsatira midadada /24.
Ndani winanso ali ndi ma adilesi atsalira?
Olembetsa ena atatu akadali ndi IPv4, koma kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi akhala akugwira ntchito mu "austerity mode." Mwachitsanzo, ku Africa, AFRINIC idakhazikitsa ziletso pa kuchuluka kwa maadiresi omwe aperekedwa ndikuwunika mosamalitsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Ngakhale pali njira zonse, akatswiri akuneneratu kuti IPv4 ya African registrar kale mu Marichi 2020. Koma pali lingaliro lakuti izi zidzachitika ngakhale kale - mu Januwale.
Latin America LACNIC ili ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zatsala - imagawa chipika chomaliza / 8. Oimira bungweli akuti amatulutsa ma adilesi opitilira 1024 pakampani iliyonse. Kumeneko Makasitomala okhawo omwe sanawalandirepo kale omwe angaletse. Zofananazo zidatengedwa ku Asia APNIC. Koma m'manja mwa bungwe gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu okha a dziwe / 8, lomwe lidzakhalanso lopanda kanthu posachedwa.
Sizinathe panobe
Akatswiri amazindikira kuti ndizotheka kuwonjezera "moyo" wa IPv4. Ndikokwanira kubwezera maadiresi omwe sanatchulidwe ku dziwe wamba. Mwachitsanzo, kuseri kwa automaker Ford Motor Company ndi kampani ya inshuwaransi Prudential Securities anthu oposa 16 miliyoni IPv4. Mu ulusi wankhani pa Hacker News kuti mabungwewa safuna ma IP ambiri.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kupereka maadiresi obwezeredwa osati m'midadada monga kale, koma kuchuluka kofunikira. Wina wokhala ku HN kuti opereka Spectrum/Charter ndi Verizon akutengera kale mchitidwewu - amatulutsa IP imodzi kuchokera /24 m'malo mwa block /30 yonse.
Zida zingapo kuchokera pabulogu yathu ya HabrΓ©:
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Njira ina yothetsera vuto la kusowa kwa ma adilesi ndikugula ndikugulitsa pamisika. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2017, akatswiri a MIT kuti yunivesite ili ndi ma IP 14 miliyoni osagwiritsidwa ntchito - adaganiza zogulitsa ambiri a iwo. Nkhani yofananayi inachitika kumayambiriro kwa December ku Russia. Research Institute for the Development of Public Networks (RosNIIROS) yalengeza kutsekedwa kwa olembetsa pa intaneti LIR. Pambuyo pake iye pafupifupi 490 zikwi IPv4 za kampani yaku Czech Reliable Communications. Akatswiri akuti mtengo wonse wa dziwelo unali $9-12 miliyoni.
Koma ngati makampani ayamba kugulitsanso IP kwa wina ndi mnzake, ku kukula kwa matebulo olowera. Komabe, pali yankho panonso - (Locator/ID Separation Protocol). Apa olemba akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi awiri polankhula pa intaneti. Imodzi ndi yozindikiritsa zida, ndipo yachiwiri ndikupanga ngalande pakati pa maseva. Njirayi imakulolani kuchotsa maadiresi kuchokera ku matebulo a BGP omwe sangaphatikizidwe kukhala chipika chimodzi - chifukwa chake, tebulo lamayendedwe limakula pang'onopang'ono. Thandizo la LISP pamayankho anu makampani monga Cisco ndi LANCOM Systems (akupanga SD-WAN).
Njira yothetsera vuto ndi IPv4 idzakhala yayikulu . Koma ngakhale kuti ndondomekoyi idapangidwa zaka zoposa 20 zapitazo, sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pakadali pano, 15% yamasamba amathandizira. Ngakhale makampani angapo akuyesetsa kusintha zinthu. Choncho, ambiri Western mtambo opereka kwa IPv4 yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pankhaniyi, ma adilesi omwe akukhudzidwa (olumikizidwa ndi makina enieni) amaperekedwa kwaulere.
Nthawi zambiri, opanga zida za netiweki komanso opereka chithandizo pa intaneti ali okondwa kusamukira ku IPv6. Koma nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto akamasamuka. Tikonza zinthu zosiyana zokhuza mavutowa ndi njira zowathetsera.
Zomwe timalemba mu VAS Experts corporate blog:
Source: www.habr.com