Kodi pali moyo pambuyo pa Windows kapena kuti woyang'anira / injiniya wa Windows ayenera kukhala kuti mu 2020?

kulowa

2019 ikupita pang'onopang'ono koma ikufika pamapeto ake omveka. Makampani a IT akupitirizabe kukula, kutisangalatsa ndi umisiri watsopano komanso, nthawi yomweyo, kubwezeretsanso mawu athu ndi matanthauzo atsopano: Big Data, AI, Machine Learning (ML), IoT, 5G, etc. Chaka chino. , Site Reliability Engineering inakambidwa makamaka nthawi zambiri (SRE), DevOps, microservices ndi cloud computing.

Ukadaulo wina, mwachitsanzo, Blockchain ndi cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.), zikuwoneka kuti zadutsa kale pachimake cha kutchuka kwawo (hype), kotero anthu wamba ali ndi mwayi wowayang'ana mozama, kuzindikira awo. zabwino ndi zoipa, komanso kusankha kumene ndi bwino ntchito izo. Kuyang'ana moyenera pamutu wa Blockchain ndi ma cryptocurrencies atha kupezeka mkati Nkhani ya Alexey Malanov kuchokera ku Kaspersky Lab. Ndikupangira kuti mufufuze.

Matekinoloje ena akungodziwikabe, kupanga midzi yogwira ntchito mozungulira iwo, kuphatikiza osati othandizira ndi otsatira, komanso otsutsa achangu.

Kodi aliyense akupita ku DevOps?

DevOps, njira yatsopano yopangira mapulogalamu ndi ntchito, ilandila kutchulidwa kwapadera kwa ine lero, chifukwa ... Pakhaladi nkhani zambiri komanso zotsutsana pamutuwu chaka chino.

Mawu akuti DevOps masiku ano amatanthauziridwa mozama. Anthu ena amamvetsetsa DevOps ngati njira yapadera yopangira mapulogalamu ndi ntchito, pamene anthu omwe angathe kupanga zolemba zochepa ndi kuyang'anira akugwira nawo ntchito. Kwa ena, izi ndizo, choyamba, kukhalapo kwa woyang'anira dongosolo lawo pagulu, omwe amawalola kuti athetse omwe amapanga mapulogalamu a gawo la katundu wosakhala wapakatikati mwa mawonekedwe a kukhazikitsa chilengedwe, kupanga malo oyesera. , kukhazikitsa kugwirizanitsa ndi ntchito zamkati ndi zakunja, komanso kulemba zolemba zokha. Kwa ena, ndi gulu chabe la matekinoloje apamwamba ndi zida zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kuti zikhalebe zazing'ono komanso zopambana. Chachinayi, ndi CICD ndi chirichonse chokhudzana nayo. Pali matanthauzidwe ambiri a DevOps, kotero aliyense atha kupeza mwa iwo zomwe amakonda kwambiri.

Kutanthauzira kosiyanasiyana kwa DevOps kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zokambirana zotentha, zomwe zimatsogolera kukuwoneka kwa zolemba zambiri pamutuwu. Ndidasunganso ena kumabookmark anga:

1. Kodi DevOps ndi ndani?
2. Momwe mungalowe mu DevOps, momwe mungaphunzirire ndi zomwe mungawerenge.
3. Chifukwa Chake Oyang'anira System Ayenera Kukhala Opanga Ma DevOps.

Ngati muwerenga zolemba zokwanira zotamanda DevOps, mutha kuganiza kuti injiniya aliyense woyendetsa makina amangofunika kusintha momwe alili pano mu mbiri yake ya LinkedIN kuchokera kwa woyang'anira injiniya kupita ku DevOps, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ayamba kulandira maitanidwe oyankhulana ndi HR kuchokera kwa akulu ndi akulu. makampani opambana amene adzalonjeza malipiro 2 nthawi apamwamba kuposa panopa, adzakupatsani mtundu watsopano Macbook, hoverboard, ndipo musaiwale za muzimvetsera kwa ufulu vape refills ndi kusatha kuchuluka kwa smoothies. Kawirikawiri, paradaiso wa IT adzabwera.

Mukawerenga nkhani zomwe zimachepetsa kuyenera kwa DevOps, mumayamba kukhala ndi malingaliro ena kuti DevOps ndi mtundu watsopano waukapolo, pomwe anthu ayenera kulemba pafupifupi pamlingo womwewo monga opanga, kuwathandiza kukonza nsikidzi, kuthana ndi automation ndi CICD, tumizani Jira ndi Wiki, sankhani mitambo, sonkhanitsani zotengera ndikuziwongolera, kwinaku mukugwira ntchito yoyang'anira, osaiwala za kudzaza makatiriji, kudula zingwe zopotoka ndikuthirira maluwa akuofesi.

Koma, monga mukudziwira, chowonadi nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakati, kotero lero tiyesera kuchilingalira pang'ono.

Kodi ma admin sakufunikanso?

Monga woyang'anira dongosolo ndi injiniya yemwe wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi Microsoft ndi VMware kwa nthawi ndithu, ndinayamba kuona kuti pazaka zingapo zapitazi pakhala kukambirana nthawi ndi nthawi kuti oyang'anira machitidwe posachedwapa sadzakhala othandiza kwa aliyense, chifukwa:

1. Zomangamanga zonse zatsala pang'ono kusintha ndikukhala IaaC (Infrastructure as code). Tsopano sipadzakhala GUI yokhala ndi mabatani, koma PowerShell yokha, mafayilo aml, configs, etc. Ngati ntchito ina kapena chigawo chake chasweka, ndiye kuti palibenso chifukwa chokonzekera, chifukwa ... tumizani mwachangu kopi yatsopano kuchokera kumalo omaliza ogwirira ntchito.
2. Zomangamanga zonse za IT posachedwapa zidzasunthira kumitambo, ndipo kwanuko (pomweko) padzakhala zingwe zapaintaneti ku rauta yapafupi, yomwe idzatigwirizanitsa ndi zina zonse zamakampani zomwe zili mumtambo. Chabwino, chosindikiziracho chidzakhalabe kwanuko kuti atsikana ochokera ku dipatimenti yowerengera ndalama athe kusindikiza zithunzi za amphaka kuchokera pa intaneti. Zina zonse ziyenera kukhala mumtambo.
3. DevOps gurus adzabwera ndikusinthira zonse zowazungulira, kotero ma admins azingokumbukira ndi kutentha m'miyoyo yawo momwe m'masiku akale amathamangira ma pings kuti azindikire zovuta zoyambira pamaneti ndi ma seva.
4. Ndinamvanso za chodabwitsa monga "Vendekapets", koma izi zinali kale kwambiri, kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yanga, pamene ndinali nditangoyamba kumene kuchitapo kanthu poyang'anira dongosolo. Koma pazifukwa zina, "Vendekapets" sizinabwere, monga kutha kwa dziko malinga ndi kalendala ya Mayan. Mwangozi? Osaganiza. 🙂

Kodi oyang'anira machitidwe a Windows, omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu za Microsoft masiku ano, posachedwa sadzakhala othandiza kwa aliyense? Kapena adzafunikabe? Kodi oyang'anira Windows apitiliza kuvala udindo wawo ngati oyang'anira ndi mainjiniya, kapena adzatsitsidwa ku ntchito ya ala anykey (perekani, perekani, bweretsani)?

Ngakhale pano pa habr.com mu "System Administration" timangowona zotchulidwa kubernetes, linux, devops, docker, open source, zabbix. Mawu omwe timakonda kwambiri ali kuti: Windows, Active Directory, Exchange, System Center, Terminal, Print Server, File Server, bat and vbs scripts, kapena powershell. Kodi zonsezi zili kuti?

Ndiye kodi pali moyo pambuyo pa Windows kapena oyang'anira ndi mainjiniya a Windows tsopano asiya zonse kuti aphunzire Linux, docker, kubernetes, ansible, python ndikupita ku DevOps?

Mwina zonse zili bwino ndi Windows, kungoti tsopano pali hype kwakanthawi kaphatikizidwe ka Linux + docker + kubernetes + ansible + python, komwe kwadutsa Windows yathu yokondedwa? Kodi woyang'anira dongosolo la Windows akuyenera kuchita chiyani mu 2020 kuti afunike pamsika wantchito?

Tsoka ilo, pali mafunso ambiri pano kuposa mayankho, kotero nkhani yamakono idzayesa kutithandiza kumvetsetsa chirichonse pang'ono. Nkhaniyi idaperekedwa makamaka kwa oyang'anira Windows ndi mainjiniya, koma ndikutsimikiza kuti idzakhalanso yosangalatsa kwa akatswiri ena a IT.

Microsoft imapita ku mitambo?

Woyang'anira Windows ndi, choyamba, wotsatira wa Microsoft, kupitilira apo tikambirana za izi ndi zinthu zake zabwino.

Microsoft ili ndi njira zambiri zothetsera mapulogalamu, ambiri omwe ali atsogoleri muzochita zawo. Ngati mumagwira ntchito ngati woyang'anira Windows ndi injiniya, ndiye kuti mwakumana nawo mwanjira ina. Pansipa ndikufotokozerani mwachidule chilichonse mwazinthuzo ndikufotokozera zomwe zingachitike pazaka 3-5 zikubwerazi. Izi sizobisika zamkati kuchokera ku likulu ku Redmond, koma malingaliro anga, kotero malingaliro ena mu ndemanga amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri.

Kukhazikitsa kwanuko (pamalo)

Microsoft Exchange Server - seva yamakalata ambiri omwe amaphatikiza osati kungogwira ntchito ndi makalata, komanso olumikizana nawo, makalendala, ntchito ndi zina zambiri. Exchange Server ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotsogola za Microsoft, zomwe zakhala mulingo wamakampani ambiri m'makampani ambiri. Ili ndi kuphatikiza kwapafupi osati ndi zinthu za Microsoft zokha, komanso ndi mayankho ochokera kwa ogulitsa ena. Kusinthanitsa kumatchuka m'makampani onse apakati (kuchokera kwa anthu 100) ndi makampani akuluakulu.

Panthawiyi, Exchange Server 2019 imatengedwa ngati mtundu wamakono. M'mbuyomu, malondawo anali akukula mwachangu, koma kuyambira ndi kusintha kwa Exchange 2013, chitukukochi chatsika kwambiri, kotero Exchange 2016 ikhoza kutchedwa Service Pack 1. (SP1) ya Kusinthana 2013, ndi Kusinthana 2019 - chifukwa chake Service Pack 2 (SP2) ya Kusinthana 2013. Tsogolo la mtundu wotsatira wapamalo (Exchange 2022) ukadali wokayikira.

Tsopano Microsoft ikulimbikitsa Kusinthanitsa Paintaneti mwachangu ngati gawo la ntchito yamtambo ya Office 365, kotero kuti ntchito zonse zatsopano zimawonekera pamenepo. Sikuti Exchange Online ikhala yoyamba kulandira zatsopano, komanso ipezanso zina zomwe sizidzasamutsidwa ku kukhazikitsa kwapamalo posachedwa. Izi zimachitika pofuna kufulumizitsa kusintha kwa makampani angapo kupita kumtambo, chifukwa ... Mtundu wolembetsa ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri pazachuma kwa Microsoft kuposa kugulitsa kamodzi.

Ngati panopa mukusungirako kukhazikitsa kwa Exchange Server (2013 - 2019), mukhoza kupitiriza kutero kwa zaka 3-5 zotsatira. Panjira, ndikofunikira kuyamba kufufuza mwayi womwe Exchange Online imapereka; ndi masinthidwe osakanizidwa ndi pamene zomasulira za m'deralo ndi zamtambo zimakhalapo nthawi imodzi. Ngakhale titaganiza kuti sipadzakhalanso mtundu wotsatira wa Kusinthanitsa, chidziwitso chomwe tikupeza pano pa Exchange Server chidzapitilira kukhala chofunikira pakanthawi kochepa pazifukwa zingapo:

• Chiwerengero cha makhazikitsidwe am'deralo ndi chachikulu kwambiri, kotero oyang'anira oyenerera adzafunika kuti awathandize. Si mabungwe onse omwe adzatha kusuntha makalata awo kumtambo posachedwa pazifukwa zina.
• Ntchito zosamukira kumtambo sizinali zazing'ono, chifukwa chake kudziwa zenizeni zapamalo ndi njira zothetsera mitambo ndikofunikira kuti mupewe misampha yambiri ndikumaliza kusamuka.
• Kudziwa za smtpimapmapipop3, mail flow, dkim, dmark, spf, antivayirasi, ma protocol a antispam ndizodziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakalata aliwonse.
• Zomwe mwapeza pogwira ntchito ndi Exchange Server yapamalo zimakupatsani mwayi womvetsetsa Kusinthana Paintaneti ndikukhazikitsa masinthidwe omwe mukufuna mwachangu kwambiri.
• Imelo ndi imodzi mwama njira ofunikira kwambiri olankhulirana ndi akunja, kotero kufunika kwake kudzakhalabe. Simuyenera kumvera otsatira "amithenga ndi ma chat bots adzalowa m'malo mwa imelo", chifukwa ... Iwo "anakwirira" makalata nthawi zambiri ndipo mpaka pano osapambana.

Skype for Business (SfB) (yomwe kale inali Lync) - messenger wamakampani wokhala ndi luso lapamwamba. Ili ndi kuphatikizika kwapafupi ndi seva ya Kusinthanitsa, koma ndiyotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kutchuka. Skype for Business nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani akuluakulu, chifukwa ... Makampani ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati alibe chidwi nawo.

Mtundu waposachedwa tsopano ndi Skype for Business 2019, womwe uli ndi kusiyana pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mtundu wakale wa Skype for Business 2016, kotero SfB 2019 ikhoza kuwonedwa ngati Service Pack 1 ya SfB 2016, osati mtundu watsopano.

Mumtambo wa Office 365, izi zidaperekedwa ndi Skype for Business Online service, yomwe patapita nthawi idasinthidwa ndi Microsoft Teams, i.e. Pakadali pano, Skype for Business sichipezeka mumtambo wa Office 365. Pazifukwa izi, sikoyenera kuyembekezera mtundu wotsatira wa Skype for Business 2022, popeza chofunikira kwambiri ndi Microsoft ndikukula ndi chitukuko cha messenger ya Teams, yomwe idakhala yankho la ogulitsa pakutuluka kwa messenger wopambana wa Slack.

Ngati panopa mukuyang'anira Skype for Business ndipo mumakonda lingaliro la mthenga wamakampani, ndiye ndikukulangizani kuti muwone Magulu monga gawo la Office 365, apo ayi ndi bwino kusankha chinthu china kuti mukweze chidziwitso chanu, chifukwa Local Skype for Business ikupita kuiwalika. Mosiyana ndi Kusinthana, komwe kwakhala mulingo wokhazikika mu seva yamakalata, Skype for Business lero ili ndi njira zina. Team ndi Slack kwa makampani akuluakulu ndi apakatikati. Telegalamu, Viber, Whatsapp - makampani ang'onoang'ono.

SharePoint - tsamba lamkati lamakampani momwe makampani amatha kutumiza ntchito zawo zapaintaneti zothandiza (nthawi yatchuthi, mndandanda wa antchito omwe ali ndi zithunzi ndi manambala a foni, zikumbutso zakubadwa, nkhani zamakampani, ndi zina). Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusunga, kusintha, ndikugawana mafayilo omwe amawayika m'malaibulale awo a SharePoint.

SharePoint ili ngati Bitrix24, yokulirapo yokha, yogwira ntchito kwambiri, yokwera mtengo komanso yovuta kwambiri kuyikonza ndikuthandizira. Zomwe zimapha ndizo kuthekera kosintha nthawi imodzi chikalata chimodzi ndi antchito ambiri, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta pamene anthu 100 akuyesera kudzaza ndandanda yatchuthi, ndikuphatikizana ndi Office Online Server ndi MS Office yakomweko.

Sharepoint ndi chinthu chachikulu, chovuta komanso chokwera mtengo, choncho nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani akuluakulu. Makampani ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsa ntchito Bitrix24 kapena ma analogue ake, kapena amangosunga mafayilo pa seva zamafayilo, ndikugawa mawebusayiti ofunikira kumalo osiyanasiyana amkati.

Mafamu a SharePoint (magulu) nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa ndi omanga omwe ali ndi ntchito zoyang'anira, osati ndi oyang'anira dongosolo "oyera", chifukwa Kuti SharePoint ichoke ndikukhala yothandiza kwa kampani, zambiri ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kwa izo pogwiritsa ntchito code.

Office 365 imaphatikizapo SharePoint Online, yomwe ndi mtundu wosavuta wa SharePoint yakomweko, mwachitsanzo. Ili ndi zosankha zochepa zomwe mungasinthire makonda ndipo "zakonzedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi inu," koma zimathandizira wopanga ndi woyang'anira kumutu kwamutu kokhudzana ndi ntchito yake. Chigamulo changa ndi ichi: zovuta komanso kukwera mtengo kothandizira mtundu wa SharePoint pazida zidzawawonongera ndipo makampani adzayamba mwachisangalalo kusamukira ku SharePoint Online, kapena kusiya SharePoint kwathunthu kuti apeze yankho losavuta. Ine ndekha sindikuwona moyo wabwino komanso wosasamala wa SharePoint pakukhazikitsa kwanuko.

System Center ndi gulu lonse lazinthu zopangira, kukonza, kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira zida zazikulu za Windows. Kuweruza kumaphatikizapo: System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM), System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM), System Center Operations Manager (SCOM), System Center Data Protection Manager (SCDPM), System Center Service Manager (SCSM), System Center Orchestrator (SCORCH) ).

Zogulitsa zonse za System Center nthawi zambiri zimangofunika makampani akuluakulu, pomwe makampani apakati amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chimodzi kapena ziwiri zokha.

Popeza kuti zinthu za System Center ndizovuta kuphunzira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomanga zazikulu zokha, zimakhala zachikhalidwe kugawira anthu osiyana kuti azigwira nawo ntchito, mwachitsanzo, woyang'anira machitidwe (SCOM), woyang'anira malo ogwirira ntchito (SCCM), a virtualization system administrator (Hyper -V + SCVMM), Infrastructure Automation Manager (SCORCH + SCSM).

Microsoft ikupanga mwachangu ntchito zake zamtambo, kotero magwiridwe antchito a System Center akuyenda pang'onopang'ono kumtambo. Zonsezi zidzakhudza kwambiri zinthu za System Center pamalopo posachedwa.

Yogwira System Center Orchestrator (SCORCH) idzasinthidwa mtsogolomo ndi ntchito ya Azure Automation (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/automation/automation-intro).

Yogwira System Center Operations Manager (SCOM) idzalowa m'malo mwa ntchito ya Azure Monitor mtsogolomo (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/overview).

Yogwira System Center Data Protection Manager (SCDPM) idzalowa m'malo mwa ntchito ya Azure Backup mtsogolomo (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-overview).

Yogwira System Center Service Manager (SCSM) idzasiya kufunikira kapena idzasinthidwa ndi matikiti ena aliwonse, mwachitsanzo, Jira.

System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) pakadali pano ikhalabe ndi makampani omwe akugwiritsa ntchito Hyper-V virtualization. Kuyika kwakung'ono kwa Hyper-V (maseva 10-15) kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino popanda SCVMM pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokhazikika - Failover Cluster Manager, Hyper-V Manager, Windows Admin Center.

System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) - zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza anthu ambiri, kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu amakampani kuchokera pamndandanda umodzi, kukhazikitsa zosintha za Windows pa maseva ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, kuwerengera kwa mapulogalamu ndi kuwerengera ziphaso. Zikuwoneka kuti ichi ndi chinthu chokhacho kuchokera pamzere wonse wa System Center womwe ukhalabe ndi ife pazomangamanga zapanyumba, chifukwa ... Pakali pano sizingatheke kuti mulowe m'malo mwake ndi chinachake chozikidwa pamtambo.

Ngati pano mukusunga kukhazikitsa kwa System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM), mutha kupitiliza kutero chifukwa mankhwala adzakhala nafe kwa zaka zosachepera 3-5. Kuphatikiza apo, ndingalimbikitse kuyamba kuphunzira luso la Office 365, chifukwa ... izi zingagwirizane bwino ndi malo a Enterprise Desktop Administrator.

Udindo wa oyang'anira pazinthu zina zambiri za System Center udzathetsedwa. Ntchito za Azure zimathandizira kwambiri ntchito yawo, kubisa zovuta zonse kuti zisamawoneke. Tiyeni titenge woyang'anira makina (SCORCH + SCSM) monga chitsanzo. SCORCH isinthidwa ndi Azure Automation. Kudziwa njira yodzipangira yokha, PowerShell, SQL idzakhalabe yothandiza kwa Azure Automation, koma chidziwitso chomanga magulu a SCORCH, kuwonetsetsa kupezeka kwawo kwakukulu, kukula kwazinthu, kukonzanso, kusamukira kumitundu yatsopano, zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi kuwunikira zidzataya kufunikira kwake, chifukwa Ntchito yonseyi idzatengedwa ndi mtambo wa Azure. Woyang'anira makina azingoyang'ana pazokha zokha, chifukwa ... Ntchito zonse kuti zisunge magwiridwe antchito azodzichitira zidzachotsedwa kwa iye.

Windows seva ndi maudindo ake

Directory Yogwira Ntchito (AD) - malo omwe akaunti za ogwiritsa ntchito ndi makompyuta zimasungidwa. Ngati kampani ili ndi makompyuta opitilira 20, ndiye kuti mwina ili ndi mtundu wina wa Active Directory domain. Kudziwa Active Directory, kuthekera kusiyanitsa dera ndi nkhalango, komanso kuthekera kogwira ntchito ndi mfundo zamagulu ndizofunikira kwa woyang'anira Windows aliyense. Chidziwitso ichi chidzakhala chofunikira kwa zaka zina za 20. Kuwonjezera apo, ndikanati ndikulimbikitseni kuti mudziwe bwino ndi Azure AD (AAD) ndikuyang'ana zosankha zogwirizanitsa ogwiritsa ntchito pakati pa zowonongeka ndi zamtambo.

DNS, DHCP - mautumiki a pa intaneti, kumvetsetsa komwe kuli kothandiza m'madera onse a IT, kuchokera ku utsogoleri kupita ku mapulogalamu, kotero muyenera kuwadziwa. Kumvetsetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma network, ma protocol oyendera, mitundu ya OSI ndi TCPIP kudzakhala kuphatikiza kotsimikizika kwa katswiri aliyense wa IT.

Hyper-V - dzina la mulu wonse wa matekinoloje a virtualization kuchokera ku Microsoft komanso hypervisor yake makamaka. Ikukula mwachangu, ngakhale m'malingaliro mwanga, zambiri zatsopano (Shielded VM, Encrypted Subnets, Storage Spaces Direct) zimayang'ana makamaka kwa opereka mtambo wapadziko lonse lapansi (Azure), osati makampani. gawo (Enterprise). Izi ndizomveka, popeza Microsoft imayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuyesa magwiridwe antchito atsopano mumtambo wake wa Azure, kenako imasamutsira ku Windows Server ndi Hyper-V.

Hyper-V imavutikabe ndi kusowa kwa kontrakitala imodzi yaulere yomwe imapereka zonse zofunika. Tsopano tili ndi Failover Cluster Manager, Hyper-V Manager, Windows Admin Center. SCVMM imayenera kukhala chotonthoza chotere, koma imalipidwa komanso yovuta kuphunzira.

Ngati mukusungabe kuyika kwanuko kwa Hyper-V popanda SCVMM, mutha kupitiliza kutero. Mofananamo, ndingalimbikitse kuyamba kuphunzira Azure IaaS ndi njira zosinthira makina owoneka bwino pakati pa mtambo ndi malo omwe ali pamalopo.

Pakati pa chilengedwe changa (mabanki, ma telecom, makampani a inshuwaransi, makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale), zonse zopindulitsa, monga lamulo, zimayendetsedwa ndi VMware vSphere, osati Hyper-V ndi SCVMM, kotero ine ndikhoza kulangiza kuti woyang'anira Hyper-V ayang'anenso. kwa VMware ndi zinthu zake.

Ntchito zamtambo

Office 365 ndi ntchito yamtambo yomwe imapereka phukusi lolembetsa la mapulogalamu a Microsoft Office (matembenuzidwe am'deralo ndi a Webusaiti), komanso imaphatikizapo zinthu zazikulu za seva - Kusinthana, Magulu, OneDrive ndi Sharepoint.

Pakadali pano, Office 365 ndi ntchito yodzidalira yokha yomwe imakwaniritsa zosowa zamaofesi. Chifukwa chosavuta kukhazikitsa, ndiyabwino kwamakampani ang'onoang'ono komanso mabizinesi apakatikati ndi akulu.

Kukhalapo kwa Exchange, Magulu, OneDrive ndi Sharepoint omwe atumizidwa kale mumtambo kumachepetsa kwambiri katundu pa woyang'anira dongosolo, chifukwa njira zonse zoyika, kukula kwazinthu, kukonzanso ndi kusamukira kumitundu yatsopano tsopano zili ndi Microsoft. Ngati m'mbuyomu 4-6 otsogolera odzipatulira padera akadafunikira kuti asungitse Kusinthana, Magulu, OneDrive ndi Sharepoint muzomangamanga zakomweko, tsopano mu Office 365 woyang'anira wapakati mmodzi ndi wokwanira. Ngati china chake sichikugwira ntchito kapena sichikuyenda bwino, mutha kupanga tikiti yopita ku chithandizo chaukadaulo cha Microsoft mwachindunji kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a Office 1, omwe ndi osavuta kwambiri.

Ngati panopa ndinu woyang'anira makina omwe amasunga zosintha za Exchange, Skype for Business kapena Sharepoint, ndiye ndingalimbikitse kuyang'ana mitundu yawo yamtambo ngati gawo la Office 365 kuti mumvetsetse momwe akukuyenererani komanso ntchito zomwe amapereka poyerekeza ndi zomasulira zapamalo.

Azure ndi nsanja yapadziko lonse lapansi yamtambo yochokera ku Microsoft yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamtambo zomwe zimathandiza mabungwe kuthana ndi mavuto amabizinesi awo. Pakadali pano, Azure imaphatikizapo ntchito zopitilira 300, zogawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana (makompyuta, ma network, malo osungira, nkhokwe, kusanthula, intaneti ya zinthu, chitetezo, ma devOps, zotengera, ndi zina).

Popeza idawonekera koyamba mu 2009, Microsoft Azure tsopano ili m'modzi mwamaudindo otsogola pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamtambo, kupikisana bwino ndi Amazon AWS.

Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa la zachuma (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/earnings/FY-2019-Q4/press-release-webcast) Phindu la Microsoft kotala (Q4 2019) lidakula ndi 49% chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwa Office 365 ndi bizinesi yamtambo. Ndalama za Azure zidakula 64%.

Azure, pamodzi ndi Office 365, ndi madera akuluakulu kumene Microsoft ikuwongolera chuma chake ndi mabungwe.

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito pa pulatifomu ya Azure kumatha kusokoneza ngakhale katswiri wodziwa zambiri wa IT, kotero pansipa ndikufotokozera za mawonekedwe a seva ya Windows, pomwe m'mabungwe ndikuwonetsa mafananidwe awo mumtambo wa Azure. Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zitha kukhala poyambira kuphunzira Azure, chifukwa, monga mukudziwa, muyenera kuyamba pang'ono, pang'onopang'ono kusunthira mozama.

Mawonekedwe a seva ya Windows amawoneka motere:

• Active Directory (AD) yokhala ndi mfundo zamagulu ndi DNS. (Azure Active Directory (AAD), Azure DNS).
• DHCP
• Kusinthana kwa ma seva. (Sinthanani pa intaneti ngati gawo la Office 365).
• RDS famu yokhala ndi ma seva angapo omaliza. (Makina enieni a Azure + Azure Virtual Network + Azure Storage).
• Seva yamafayilo pomwe antchito amasunga mafayilo awo. (Azure File Storage, Azure virtual machine + Azure Virtual Network + Azure Storage)
• Ma seva okhala ndi mapulogalamu ndi nkhokwe (1C, portal yamkati, CRM, ndi zina). (Azure SQL Database, Azure Web Sites, Microsoft Dynamics 365, Azure virtual machine + Azure Virtual Network + Azure Storage)

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zoyang'anira ndi:

• Kupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera. (Zosungirako za Azure).
• Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula zipika. (Azure Log Analytics).
• Kukonzekera kwa ntchito zachizolowezi. (Azure Automation).
• Kuyang'anira momwe ntchito zilili komanso kulandira zidziwitso zakulephera (Azure Monitor).

Kwa oyang'anira Windows omwe amasunga zida zam'deralo, ndingalangize poyamba kuti ayang'ane ma analogi a ntchito zomwe amakonda mumtambo wa Azure kuti agwire nawo ntchito pang'ono, kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kampaniyo, ndipo, mwina, kukonza zosankha zosakanizidwa, kusankha. zabwino zonse padziko lapansi.

Zophunzitsa

Kugogomezera kwa Microsoft pakupanga zinthu zake kumasinthira pang'onopang'ono ku mayankho amtambo, kotero muyenera kuyamba kuwaphunzira tsopano. Kodi ndingapeze kuti zambiri za Azure mu Russian? Tsoka ilo, palibe zinthu zambiri zoterezi.

Microsoft ikupereka kugwiritsa ntchito Microsoft Learn portal - https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/learn/browse/. Zolembazo zimamasuliridwa ku Chirasha, kanemayo amaperekedwa mu Chingerezi, ngakhale ali ndi ma subtitles achi Russia.

Monga zinthu zabwino komanso zapamwamba zophunzirira Azure, ndingapangire maphunziro a Exam AZ-900 Azure Fundamentals, omwe Igor Shastitko amawerenga pa njira yake ya YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2-txkA3Daw&list=PLB5YmwQw0Jl-RinSNOOv2rqZ5FV_ihEd7). Pakalipano pali mavidiyo a 13, koma ngati pali chithandizo chokwanira kuchokera kumudzi (monga, kulembetsa), zipangizo zidzawoneka mofulumira ndipo kupitiriza sikudzatenga nthawi yaitali.

Kuphatikiza apo, pa iwalker2000 njira, ndikupangira kuwonera mndandanda wamasewera "IT Ntchito: Momwe Mungakhalire Katswiri wa IT," zomwe zingathandize akatswiri omwe akufuna kudziwa njira ya chitukuko chawo chaukadaulo ndikumanga ntchito yawo moyenera. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojyHLPZA6uU&list=PLB5YmwQw0Jl-Qzsq56k1M50cE6KqO11PB)

Tsoka ilo, palibe zida zambiri pa Azure mu Chirasha momwe tingafune, ngati mukudziwa zina zothandiza pamutuwu, chonde gawanani nawo ndemanga. Akatswiri ambiri a IT adzakuthokozani chifukwa cha izi.

anapezazo

Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zimene tingafikire kuchokera ku zonsezi?

1. Pali moyo muzinthu za Microsoft, ndipo sizikuchoka. Microsoft ili ndi njira zambiri zothetsera mapulogalamu, ambiri mwa iwo ndi atsogoleri muzochita zawo, kotero woyang'anira dongosolo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chinachake choti aphunzire, kukhazikitsa, kugwira ntchito ndi kupanga.
2. Zomangamanga za Microsoft tsopano zikusintha mwachangu, ndipo izi zikuchitika ndikugogomezera pakukula kwa mautumiki amtambo - Azure ndi Office 365. Zatsopano zatsopano za Microsoft ndi mapulogalamu oyambira adzapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito mumtambo potengera mtundu wolembetsa ndi malipiro apamwezi. Zina mwazinthuzi ndizomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito pamayankho apanyumba.
3. Zida zina zamtengo wapatali komanso zovuta zothandizira zidzatisiya posachedwa, kusuntha kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kumtambo wa Azure kapena Office 365. Oyang'anira payekha omwe amasunga nthawi zonse chinthu chimodzi (mwachitsanzo, SCOM, SCSM, etc.) posachedwa kuthetsedwa.
4. Ngati ndinu woyang'anira machitidwe odziwa ntchito mu Microsoft ecosystem, ndiye kuti simuyenera kusiya chilichonse ndikuthamangira ku DevOps, yomwe tsopano ikukambidwa pamakona onse. Mutha kupitiliza kukulitsa komwe mukupita, ndikuwonjezera luso mu ntchito zamtambo za Azure ndi Office 365.
5. Kuti mukhalebe katswiri wofunidwa pamsika wantchito, muyenera kuphunzira, kuphunzira ndi kuphunziranso. Lingaliro la "maphunziro a moyo wonse" la IT ndilofunika kwambiri kuposa kale lonse, makamaka tsopano mu nthawi ya chitukuko chokhazikika cha matekinoloje amtambo.
6. DevOps tsopano ili pachimake pakutchuka kwake (hype). Ndi zoona. Poyambirira, DevOps idawonedwa ngati njira yomwe imalola kuti mapulogalamu apangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito azisonkhanitsidwa pamodzi, opanga mapulogalamu ndi mainjiniya akugwira ntchito limodzi kukwaniritsa cholinga chimodzi - kupanga mapulogalamu abwino. Kugogomezera kwakukulu kunali kusintha chikhalidwe cha kulankhulana pakati pa magulu, kupanga njira zothandizirana komanso udindo wamagulu pa zotsatira zomaliza. Komabe, chifukwa chake, izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi watsopano - injiniya wa DevOps, yemwe adapatsidwa ntchito zotulutsa injiniya (CICD), woyang'anira makina, woyang'anira mtambo ndi injiniya wa ntchito. Izi kale ndi fait accompli. Chiwerengero cha ntchito za DevOps ndi zofunikira zawo zimangotsimikizira izi.

   DevOps tsopano ikhoza kuonedwa ngati njira yowonjezera yopangira injiniya woyang'anira machitidwe. DevOps ndi njira yabwino kwa woyang'anira wamba kuti asinthe bizinesi yake yamakono kukhala makampani opanga mapulogalamu. Iwo omwe amakonda automation ndi kulemba code scripts potsirizira pake adzakhala omanga, ndipo iwo amene amakonda zinthu zomangamanga (manetiweki, maseva, OS, mitambo, etc.) adzakhala DevOps mainjiniya.

7. Ngati ndinu katswiri woyambira, kapena mukungolowa mu IT, ndiye kuti DevOps tsopano ndi njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo kwakanthawi kochepa ndikupeza ntchito kukampani yabwinobwino, yokhala ndi malipiro abwino komanso ofesi yabwino, kotero phunzirani Linux, Ansible, Docker, Kubernetes, Python ndi CICD.

Posachedwapa, kufunikira kwa nsanja ya Linux ndi mayankho okhudzana ndi chitukuko cha mapulogalamu awonjezeka, koma izi siziri chifukwa cha chilengedwe cha Microsoft, koma kungoti kagawo kakang'ono kamene kakuwoneka komwe Docker ndi Kubernetes amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama, mapulogalamu a monolithic amadulidwa kukhala ma micro-services. , ndipo bizinesi imafuna kuthamanga kowonjezereka kwa mapulogalamu otulutsidwa kuti achepetse nthawi yogulitsira ntchito zatsopano.

Source: www.habr.com