Mwanjira ina nthawi ina ndidaganiza zolemba nkhani yokhudzana ndi kutumiza ngati zotengera za Docker ndi phukusi la deb, koma nditayamba, pazifukwa zina ndidabwezedwa kunthawi zakutali zamakompyuta oyamba komanso zowerengera. Nthawi zambiri, m'malo mofananiza zowuma za docker ndi deb, tili ndi malingaliro awa pamutu wa chisinthiko, womwe ndikuwonetsa kuti muwuganizire.
Chilichonse, ngakhale chitakhala chotani, chimayenera kufika pa seva zopangira, chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa. Izi ndi zomwe nkhaniyi ifotokoza.
Ndiganiza m'mbiri yakale, "zomwe ndikuwona ndi zomwe ndimayimba," zomwe ndidaziwona nditayamba kulemba ma code ndi zomwe ndikuwona pano, zomwe tikugwiritsa ntchito pakadali pano komanso chifukwa chake. Nkhaniyi simadziyesa kuti ndi phunziro lathunthu, mfundo zina zaphonya, ili ndi lingaliro langa la zomwe zinali komanso zomwe zilipo tsopano.
Kotero, m'masiku akale abwino ... njira yoyamba yoperekera yomwe ndinapeza inali matepi a makaseti ochokera ku matepi ojambulira. Ndinali ndi kompyuta ya BK-0010.01...
Nthawi ya ma Calculator
Ayi, panali mphindi yoyambirira, panalinso chowerengera ΠΈ .
Ndiye pamene ndinali , ndiye njira yosamutsira pulogalamuyo inali pepala wamba m'bokosi lomwe pulogalamu inalembedwa, yomwe, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyiyendetsa pamanja, inalembedwa mu calculator. Ngati mukufuna kusewera (inde, ngakhale chowerengera ichi chisanachitike chinali ndi masewera) - mumakhala pansi ndikulowetsa pulogalamuyo mu chowerengera. Mwachibadwa, pamene chowerengeracho chinazimitsidwa, pulogalamuyo inazimiririka. Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiro zowerengera zomwe zidalembedwa papepala m'manja mwake, mapulogalamuwa adasindikizidwa m'magazini a "Radio" ndi "Technology for Youth", ndipo adasindikizidwanso m'mabuku a nthawi imeneyo.
Kusintha kotsatira kunali kowerengera , ili kale ndi mawonekedwe osungira osasinthika. Tsopano masewera kapena pulogalamuyo sinayenera kulowetsedwa pamanja, koma mutapanga ma pass amatsenga ndi mabatani, idadzilowetsa yokha.
Kukula kwa pulogalamu yayikulu kwambiri mu calculator inali masitepe 105, ndipo kukula kwa kukumbukira kosatha mu MK-52 kunali masitepe 512.
Mwa njira, ngati pali mafani a ma calculator awa omwe akuwerenga nkhaniyi, ndikulemba nkhaniyi ndidapeza emulator ya Android ndi mapulogalamu ake. Patsogolo ndi zakale!
Kuyenda pang'ono kwa MK-52 (kuchokera ku Wikipedia)
MK-52 inawulukira mumlengalenga pa Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera njira yolowera ngati kompyuta yomwe ili pa board yalephera.
Kuyambira 52, MK-1988 yokhala ndi gawo lokulitsa kukumbukira kwa Elektronika-Astro yaperekedwa ku zombo zapamadzi ngati gawo la zida zamakompyuta.
Makompyuta oyamba amunthu
Tiyeni tibwerere ku nthawi . Zikuwonekeratu kuti panali zokumbukira zambiri pamenepo, ndipo kulemba kachidindo kuchokera papepala sikunalinso mwayi (ngakhale poyamba ndidachita izi, chifukwa kunalibe sing'anga ina). Makaseti omvera a zojambulira akukhala njira yaikulu yosungira ndi kutumiza mapulogalamu.
Kusungirako pa kaseti nthawi zambiri kumakhala ngati fayilo imodzi kapena ziwiri za binary, china chirichonse chinali mkati. Kudalirika kunali kochepa kwambiri, ndinayenera kusunga makope a 2-3 a pulogalamuyi. Nthawi zotsegula zinalinso zokhumudwitsa, ndipo okonda anayesa ma encoding osiyanasiyana kuti athetse zophophonya izi. Panthawiyo, ine ndekha ndinali ndisanalowe nawo pakupanga mapulogalamu aukadaulo (osawerengera mapulogalamu osavuta mu BASIC), kotero, mwatsoka, sindikuuzani mwatsatanetsatane momwe zonse zidakonzedwera mkati. Mfundo yoti kompyuta inali ndi RAM yokha nthawi zambiri imatsimikizira kuphweka kwa dongosolo losungiramo deta.
The zikamera odalirika ndi lalikulu yosungirako TV
Pambuyo pake, ma floppy disks adawonekera, ndondomeko yokopera inakhala yosavuta, ndipo kudalirika kunawonjezeka.
Koma zinthu zimasintha kwambiri pokhapokha ngati zosungira zazikulu zakumaloko zikuwoneka ngati ma HDD.
Mtundu woperekera ukusintha kwambiri: mapulogalamu oyika amawonekera omwe amayang'anira njira yosinthira makinawo, komanso kuyeretsa pambuyo pochotsa, popeza mapulogalamu samangowerengedwa kukumbukira, koma amakopera kale kusungirako komweko, komwe muyenera kutha kuchotsa zinthu zosafunikira ngati kuli kofunikira.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, zovuta za mapulogalamu operekedwa zikuwonjezeka.
Chiwerengero cha mafayilo omwe amatumizidwa chikuwonjezeka kuchoka pa ochepa kufika mazana ndi zikwi, mikangano pakati pa mabuku a laibulale ndi zosangalatsa zina zimayamba pamene mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito deta yomweyo.
Panthawiyo, kupezeka kwa Linux kunalibe kunditsegukira; Ndinkakhala kudziko la MS DOS ndipo, pambuyo pake, Windows, ndikulemba ku Borland Pascal ndi Delphi, nthawi zina ndikuyang'ana ku C ++. Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito InstallShield kubweretsa zinthu zakale. , yomwe idathetsa bwino ntchito zonse zomwe adapatsidwa zotumiza ndikusintha pulogalamuyo.
Nthawi ya intaneti
Pang'onopang'ono, zovuta zamapulogalamu apulogalamu zikukhala zovuta kwambiri; kuchokera ku monolith ndi mapulogalamu apakompyuta pali kusintha kwa machitidwe ogawidwa, makasitomala oonda ndi ma microservices. Tsopano muyenera kukonza osati pulogalamu imodzi yokha, koma seti ya iwo, ndipo kuti onse azigwira ntchito limodzi.
Lingaliro linasintha kwathunthu, intaneti idabwera, nthawi ya mautumiki amtambo idafika. Pakalipano, pokha pokha, mu mawonekedwe a mawebusaiti, palibe amene amalota za mautumiki. koma inali nthawi yosinthira pakupanga ndi kutumiza kwa mapulogalamu.
Kwa ine ndekha, ndidazindikira kuti panthawiyo panali kusintha kwa mibadwo ya otukula (kapena kunali mdera langa), ndipo panali kumverera kuti njira zonse zabwino zoperekera zakale zidayiwalika panthawi imodzi ndipo zonse zidayamba kuyambira kale. chiyambi: zonse zobereka zinayamba kuchitidwa malemba a mawondo ndipo modzikuza adazitcha "Kupereka kosalekeza". Ndipotu, nthawi yachisokonezo yayamba, pamene zakale zaiwalika ndipo sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo zatsopano siziripo.
Ndikukumbukira nthawi zomwe mukampani yathu yomwe ndimagwira ntchito nthawiyo (sinditchula dzina), m'malo momanga ndi nyerere (maven anali asanadziwike kapena kulibe konse), anthu amangotenga mitsuko mu IDE ndikudzipereka mokhazikika. mu SVN. Chifukwa chake, kutumiza kunkaphatikizapo kubweza fayilo kuchokera ku SVN ndikuyikopera kudzera pa SSH kumakina omwe mukufuna. Ndizosavuta komanso zosokonekera.
Nthawi yomweyo, kutumiza kwamasamba osavuta mu PHP kudachitika mwachikale kwambiri pongotengera fayilo yokonzedwa kudzera pa FTP kumakina omwe mukufuna. Nthawi zina izi sizinali choncho - nambalayo idasinthidwa kukhala pa seva yazogulitsa, ndipo inali yabwino kwambiri ngati panali zosunga zobwezeretsera kwinakwake.
RPM ndi DEB phukusi
Kumbali ina, ndi chitukuko cha intaneti, machitidwe ngati UNIX anayamba kutchuka kwambiri, makamaka, inali nthawi yomwe ndinapeza RedHat Linux 6, pafupifupi 2000. Mwachilengedwe, panalinso njira zina zoperekera mapulogalamu; malinga ndi Wikipedia, RPM monga woyang'anira phukusi wamkulu adawonekera kale mu 1995, mu mtundu wa RedHat Linux 2.0. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo mpaka lero, dongosololi laperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a RPM phukusi ndipo lakhala likupezeka bwino komanso likukula.
Zogawa za banja la Debian zidatsata njira yofananira ndikukhazikitsa zoperekera ngati phukusi la deb, lomwe silinasinthe mpaka lero.
Oyang'anira phukusi amakulolani kuti mupereke zinthu za pulogalamuyo, kuzikonza panthawi yoyika, kuyang'anira kudalira pakati pa mapaketi osiyanasiyana, kuchotsani zinthu ndikuyeretsa zinthu zosafunikira panthawi yochotsa. Iwo. zambiri, ndizo zonse zomwe zimafunikira, chifukwa chake zidatha zaka makumi angapo osasinthika.
Cloud computing yawonjezera kuyika kwa oyang'anira phukusi osati kuchokera kuzinthu zakuthupi, komanso kuchokera kumalo osungirako mitambo, koma kwenikweni zasintha pang'ono.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pakadali pano pali njira zina zosunthira kuchoka ku deb ndikusintha ma snap phukusi, koma zambiri pambuyo pake.
Chifukwa chake, mbadwo watsopanowu wa opanga mitambo, omwe sanadziwe DEB kapena RPM, adakulanso pang'onopang'ono, adapeza chidziwitso, zogulitsa zidakhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo njira zina zoperekera zomveka zimafunikira kuposa FTP, zolemba za bash ndi zaluso za ophunzira zofanana.
Ndipo apa ndipamene Docker amabwera pachithunzichi, mtundu wosakanikirana wa virtualization, kugawa kwazinthu ndi njira yobweretsera. Ndizowoneka bwino komanso zachinyamata tsopano, koma ndizofunikira pa chilichonse? Kodi iyi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala?
Kuchokera pakuwona kwanga, nthawi zambiri Docker amaperekedwa osati ngati chisankho choyenera, koma chifukwa chakuti, mbali imodzi, imakambidwa m'deralo, ndipo iwo omwe amawafunsa amangodziwa. Kumbali ina, nthawi zambiri amakhala chete ponena za machitidwe abwino akale olongedza - amakhalapo ndipo amachita ntchito yawo mwakachetechete komanso osadziwika. Zikatero, palibenso kusankha kwina - kusankha ndikodziwikiratu - Docker.
Ndiyesetsa kugawana zomwe ndakumana nazo momwe tidathandizira Docker ndi zomwe zidachitika.
Zolemba zodzilemba zokha
Poyambirira, panali zolemba za bash zomwe zidatumiza zolemba zakale zamakina kumakina ofunikira. Njirayi idayendetsedwa ndi Jenkins. Izi zinagwira ntchito bwino, popeza nkhokweyo yokhayokhayo inali kale msonkhano wokhala ndi makalasi, zothandizira komanso kasinthidwe. Ngati muyika zonse momwemo, ndiye kuti kuwonjezera pa script si chinthu chovuta kwambiri chomwe mungafune
Koma ma script ali ndi zovuta zingapo:
- Zolemba nthawi zambiri zimalembedwa mwachangu ndipo chifukwa chake zimakhala zakale kwambiri kotero kuti zimakhala ndi nkhani imodzi yokha yabwino kwambiri. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi mfundo yoti wopangayo ali ndi chidwi ndi kutumiza mwachangu, ndipo script yabwinobwino imafuna kusungitsa ndalama zambiri.
- monga chotsatira cha mfundo yapitayi, zolembedwazo zilibe njira zochotsa
- palibe ndondomeko yowonjezera yowonjezera
- Chinthu chatsopano chikawoneka, muyenera kulemba script yatsopano
- palibe chithandizo chodalira
Zoonadi, mukhoza kulemba zolemba zapamwamba, koma, monga momwe ndinalembera pamwambapa, iyi ndi nthawi yachitukuko, osati chochepa, ndipo, monga tikudziwira, nthawi zonse palibe nthawi yokwanira.
Zonsezi mwachiwonekere zimalepheretsa kugwiritsira ntchito njira yotumizirayi ku machitidwe ophweka okha. Yakwana nthawi yoti tisinthe izi.
Docker
Panthawi ina, apakati omwe adangopangidwa kumene adayamba kubwera kwa ife, akudandaula ndi malingaliro komanso akudandaula za docker. Chabwino, mbendera ili m'manja - tiyeni tichite! Panali zoyesayesa ziwiri. Onse awiri sanapambane - tiyeni tinene, chifukwa cha zokhumba zazikulu, koma kusowa chidziwitso chenicheni. Kodi kunali kofunikira kuukakamiza ndi kuumaliza mwa njira iliyonse yofunikira? Ndizokayikitsa - gulu liyenera kusinthika kufika pamlingo wofunikira lisanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, tikamagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za Docker zopangidwa kale, nthawi zambiri tinkakumana ndi mfundo yakuti maukonde sanagwire bwino ntchito (zomwe mwina zinali chifukwa cha chinyezi cha Docker yokha) kapena kunali kovuta kukulitsa zotengera za anthu ena.
Kodi tidakumana ndi zovuta zotani?
- Mavuto a netiweki mumayendedwe a bridge
- Ndizovuta kuwona zipika mu chidebe (ngati sizinasungidwe padera mu fayilo yamakina osungira)
- ElasticSearch nthawi zina imaundana modabwitsa mkati mwa chidebecho, chifukwa chake sichinadziwike, chidebecho ndichovomerezeka.
- Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo mkati mwa chidebe - zonse zavula kwambiri, palibe zida zodziwika bwino
- Zotengera zazikulu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa - zokwera mtengo kuzisunga
- Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa zotengera, ndizovuta kuthandizira mitundu ingapo
- Nthawi yayitali yomanga, mosiyana ndi njira zina (zolemba kapena phukusi la deb)
Kumbali inayi, ndichifukwa chiyani kuli koyipa kwambiri kutumiza ntchito ya Spring ngati malo osungiramo mitsuko kudzera mu debi yomweyo? Kodi kudzipatula n'kofunikadi? Kodi ndikoyenera kutaya zida zogwirira ntchito poyika ntchito mu chidebe chochepetsedwa kwambiri?
Monga momwe zasonyezera, zenizeni izi sizofunikira, phukusi la deb ndilokwanira mu 90% ya milandu.
Kodi ngongole yakale imalephera liti ndipo timafunikira liti docker?
Kwa ife, uku kunali kutumiza ntchito mu python. Ma library ambiri omwe amafunikira pakuphunzirira makina komanso osaphatikizidwa pakugawa koyenera kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito (ndipo panali mitundu yolakwika), ma hacks okhala ndi zoikamo, kufunikira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mautumiki osiyanasiyana okhala pamakina omwewo adayambitsa. Izi, kuti njira yokhayo yoperekera kusakaniza kwa nyukiliya iyi inali docker. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito yosonkhanitsa chidebe cha docker kudakhala kocheperako kuposa lingaliro lakunyamula zonse m'mapaketi osiyana a deb ndi kudalira, ndipo kwenikweni palibe amene ali ndi malingaliro abwino angapange izi.
Mfundo yachiwiri yomwe ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito Docker ndikutumiza ntchito molingana ndi dongosolo la blue-green deploy. Koma apa ndikufuna kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono zovuta: choyamba, mapepala a deb amamangidwa, ndiyeno chidebe cha docker chimamangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo.
Snap paketi
Tiyeni tibwerere ku snap packages. Iwo adawonekera koyamba ku Ubuntu 16.04. Mosiyana ndi mapaketi anthawi zonse a deb ndi mapaketi a rpm, snap imanyamula zodalira zonse. Kumbali imodzi, izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupewe mikangano ya laibulale, komano, phukusi lomwe limabwera ndi lalikulu kukula. Kuonjezera apo, izi zingakhudzenso chitetezo cha dongosolo: pankhani yopereka chithunzithunzi, zosintha zonse zamalaibulale ophatikizidwa ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi wopanga mapulogalamu omwe amapanga phukusi. Mwambiri, sikuti zonse ndizosavuta komanso chisangalalo chapadziko lonse lapansi sichibwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito. Koma, komabe, iyi ndi njira yomveka bwino ngati Docker yemweyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida choyikamo osati pakuwona.
Zotsatira zake, tsopano timagwiritsa ntchito mapaketi onse a deb ndi zotengera za docker kuphatikiza koyenera, komwe, mwina, nthawi zina tidzasintha ndi phukusi la snap.
Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. chonde.
Mumagwiritsa ntchito chiyani potumiza?
-
Zolemba zodzilemba zokha
-
Koperani pamanja ku FTP
-
deb phukusi
-
rpm phukusi
-
snap phukusi
-
Zithunzi za Docker
-
Zithunzi zamakina owoneka bwino
-
Konzani HDD yonse
-
chidole
-
zovuta
-
Zina
Ogwiritsa ntchito 109 adavota. Ogwiritsa 32 adakana.
Source: www.habr.com