M'chilimwe, zonse zogula komanso kuchulukira kwa kusintha kwazinthu zamapulogalamu apaintaneti kumachepa, Captain Obvious akutiuza. Chifukwa chakuti ngakhale akatswiri a IT nthawi zina amapita kutchuthi. Komanso CTO. Ndizovuta kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akukhalabe paudindo, koma izi siziri pano: mwina ndichifukwa chake chirimwe ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yoganizira pang'onopang'ono za dongosolo losungitsa lomwe lilipo ndikukonzekera dongosolo loti liziwongolera. Ndipo zinachitikira Yegor Andreev kuchokera , zomwe anazikamba pa msonkhanowo .
Pali misampha ingapo yomwe mungagwere pomanga malo osungira. Ndipo nkosatheka mwamtheradi kugwidwa mwa iwo. Ndipo chimene chimationonga mu zonsezi, monga mu zinthu zina zambiri, ndi kufuna ungwiro ndi... ulesi. Tikuyesera kuchita chirichonse, chirichonse, chirichonse mwangwiro, koma sitiyenera kuchita izo mwangwiro! Muyenera kungochita zinthu zina, koma zichiteni moyenera, malizitsani kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.
Kulephera si mtundu wina wa zosangalatsa, zosangalatsa; Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chiyenera kuchita ndendende chinthu chimodzi - kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma kuti ntchito, kampani, itaye ndalama zochepa. Ndipo m'njira zonse zosungirako, ndikupangira kuganiza motere: ndalama zili kuti?
Msampha woyamba: Tikamanga makina akuluakulu, odalirika ndikuchita ntchito zowonongeka, timachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ngozi. Awa ndi malingaliro olakwika kwambiri. Tikamachita zinthu mopanda ntchito, tikhoza kuchulukitsa ngozi. Ndipo ngati tichita zonse moyenera, ndiye kuti pamodzi tidzachepetsa nthawi yopuma. Padzakhala ngozi zambiri, koma zidzachitika pamtengo wotsika. Kodi kusungitsa malo ndi chiyani? - ichi ndi vuto la dongosolo. Vuto lililonse ndi loyipa: tili ndi ma cogs ambiri, magiya ochulukirapo, m'mawu amodzi, zinthu zambiri - ndipo, chifukwa chake, mwayi wosweka. Ndipo adzaswekadi. Ndipo adzasweka nthawi zambiri. Chitsanzo chosavuta: tinene kuti tili ndi tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe lili ndi PHP ndi MySQL. Ndipo iyenera kusungidwa mwachangu.
Shtosh (c) Timatenga malo achiwiri, kumanga dongosolo lofanana ... Zovuta zimakhala zazikulu kawiri - tili ndi mabungwe awiri. Timaperekanso malingaliro ena osinthira deta kuchokera kutsamba lina kupita ku lina - ndiko kuti, kubwereza deta, kukopera deta yosasunthika, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, malingaliro obwereza nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake, zovuta zonse za dongosololi sizingakhale 2, koma 3, 5, 10 nthawi zambiri.
Msampha wachiwiri: Tikamanga machitidwe ovuta kwambiri, timangoganizira zomwe tikufuna kupeza pamapeto pake. Voila: tikufuna kupeza dongosolo lodalirika kwambiri lomwe limagwira ntchito popanda nthawi yopuma, kusintha kwa theka la sekondi (kapena bwino, nthawi yomweyo), ndipo timayamba kupanga maloto. Koma palinso nuance apa: kufupikitsa nthawi yosinthira yomwe mukufuna, m'pamenenso malingaliro adongosolo amakhala ovuta. Pamene tikuyenera kupanga malingaliro awa, nthawi zambiri dongosololi lidzawonongeka. Ndipo mutha kukhala mumkhalidwe wosasangalatsa kwambiri: tikuyesera ndi mphamvu zathu zonse kuti tichepetse nthawi, koma kwenikweni tikupanga chilichonse kukhala chovuta kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zikavuta, nthawi yopuma imatha kukhala yayitali. Apa nthawi zambiri mumadzipeza mukuganiza: chabwino ... zingakhale bwino kuti musasungitse malo. Zingakhale bwino ngati zingagwire ntchito yokha komanso ndi nthawi yomveka bwino.
Kodi mungalimbane bwanji ndi izi? Tiyenera kusiya kudzinamiza tokha, kusiya kudzinyengerera kuti tipanga chombo cha mβmlengalenga pano, koma timvetse bwino kuti ntchitoyi inganama kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji. Ndipo kwa nthawi yayikuluyi, tidzasankha njira zomwe tidzagwiritse ntchito kuti tiwonjezere kudalirika kwa dongosolo lathu.
Yakwana nthawi yoti "nkhani zochokera ku w"... za moyo, inde.
Chitsanzo nambala wani
Tangoganizani tsamba la khadi la bizinesi la Pipe Rolling Plant No. Pansipa pali mawu akuti: "Mapaipi athu ndi mapaipi ozungulira kwambiri mu N." Ndipo pansipa pali nambala yafoni ya CEO ndi dzina lake. Tikumvetsetsa kuti muyenera kusungitsa malo - ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri! Tiyeni tiyambe kudziwa chomwe chimaphatikizapo. Html-statics - ndiko kuti, zithunzi zingapo pomwe woyang'anira wamkulu, kwenikweni, akukambirana zamtundu wina wotsatira patebulo mu bathhouse ndi mnzake. Timayamba kuganiza za nthawi yopuma. Zimabwera m'maganizo: muyenera kugona pamenepo kwa mphindi zisanu, osatinso. Ndiyeno funso likubwera: ndi angati ogulitsa omwe analipo kuchokera patsamba lathu lonseli? Zingati - bwanji? Kodi "zero" amatanthauza chiyani? Ndipo izi zikutanthauza: chifukwa wamkulu adachita zonse zinayi chaka chatha patebulo limodzi, ndi anthu omwewo omwe amapita nawo kumalo osambira ndikukhala patebulo. Ndipo timamvetsetsa kuti ngakhale tsamba litakhala tsiku limodzi, palibe choyipa chomwe chingachitike.
Kutengera ndi chidziwitso choyambirira, pali tsiku loti tiwuze nkhaniyi. Tiyeni tiyambe kuganizira za dongosolo la redundancy. Ndipo timasankha chiwembu choyenera kwambiri cha redundancy chitsanzo ichi: sitigwiritsa ntchito redundancy. Zonsezi zitha kukwezedwa ndi admin aliyense mu theka la ola ndikupuma utsi. Ikani seva yapaintaneti, onjezani mafayilo - ndi momwemo. Idzagwira ntchito. Simufunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa chilichonse, simuyenera kupereka chidwi chapadera pa chilichonse. Ndiko kuti, mawu omaliza kuchokera ku chitsanzo choyamba ndi odziwikiratu: ntchito zomwe siziyenera kusungidwa siziyenera kusungidwa.
Chitsanzo chachiwiri
Blog yamakampani: anthu ophunzitsidwa mwapadera amalemba nkhani kumeneko, tidatenga nawo gawo pachiwonetsero chotere, koma tidatulutsa china chatsopano, ndi zina zotero. Tinene kuti iyi ndi PHP yokhazikika yokhala ndi WordPress, database yaying'ono komanso yokhazikika pang'ono. Inde, zimakumbukiranso kuti simuyenera kugona pansi - "osapitirira mphindi zisanu!" Ndizo zonse. Koma tiyeni tiganizire mowonjezereka. Kodi blog iyi imachita chiyani? Anthu amabwera kumeneko kuchokera ku Yandex, kuchokera ku Google kutengera mafunso ena, mwachilengedwe. Zabwino. Kodi malonda ali ndi chochita nazo? Epiphany: ayi ndithu. Magalimoto otsatsa amapita kutsamba lalikulu, lomwe lili pamakina ena. Tiyeni tiyambe kuganizira za chiwembu chosungitsa. Mwanjira yabwino, iyenera kukwezedwa mu maola angapo, ndipo zingakhale bwino kukonzekera izi. Zingakhale zomveka kutenga makina kuchokera kumalo ena a deta, kusuntha chilengedwe, ndiko kuti, seva ya intaneti, PHP, WordPress, MySQL, ndikusiya pamenepo. Panthawi yomwe timvetsetsa kuti zonse zathyoka, tiyenera kuchita zinthu ziwiri - falitsani mysql dambo 50 mamita, idzawulukira kumeneko mumphindi, ndikutulutsa zithunzi zingapo kuchokera ku zosunga zobwezeretsera kumeneko. Izinso palibe chifukwa Mulungu akudziwa mpaka liti. Motero, mu theka la ola chinthu chonsecho chimawuka. Palibe kubwerezabwereza, kapena Mulungu andikhululukire, kungolephera. Kutsiliza: zomwe titha kuzitulutsa mwachangu kuchokera ku zosunga zobwezeretsera sizifunika kuthandizidwa.
Chitsanzo chachitatu, chovuta kwambiri
Sitolo yapaintaneti. PhP yokhala ndi mtima wotseguka imasinthidwa pang'ono, mysql yokhala ndi maziko olimba. Zokhazikika kwambiri (pambuyo pake, malo ogulitsira pa intaneti ali ndi zithunzi zokongola za HD ndi zinthu zonse), Redis pagawoli ndi Elasticsearch posaka. Timayamba kuganiza za nthawi yopuma. Ndipo apa, zowona, ndizodziwikiratu kuti malo ogulitsira pa intaneti sangagone mopanda ululu kwa tsiku limodzi. Kupatula apo, nthawi yayitali, m'pamenenso timataya ndalama zambiri. Ndikoyenera kufulumizitsa. Zingati? Ndikuganiza kuti tikagona kwa ola limodzi, palibe amene angapenga. Inde, tidzataya chinachake, koma ngati titayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama, zidzangowonjezereka. Timatanthawuza chiwembu cha nthawi yopuma yomwe imaloledwa pa ola limodzi.
Kodi zonsezi zingasungidwe bwanji? Muyenera galimoto mulimonse: ola la nthawi ndi laling'ono. Mysql: apa tikufunikira kale kubwereza, kubwereza kwamoyo, chifukwa mu ola limodzi 100 GB sichingawonjezedwe ku kutaya. Statics, zithunzi: kachiwiri, mu ola limodzi 500 GB sangakhale ndi nthawi yowonjezera. Choncho, ndi bwino kutengera zithunzi nthawi yomweyo. Redis: apa ndipamene zinthu zimakhala zosangalatsa. Ku Redis, magawo amasungidwa - sitingathe kungotenga ndikuyika maliro. Chifukwa izi sizikhala zabwino kwambiri: ogwiritsa ntchito onse adzatulutsidwa, mabasiketi awo adzachotsedwa, ndi zina zotero. Anthu adzakakamizika kuyikanso dzina lawo lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi, ndipo anthu ambiri atha kusiya ndikusamaliza kugula. Apanso, zotembenuka zidzatsika. Kumbali inayi, Redis ndi yaposachedwa, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito omaliza omwe adalowa nawo mwina sakufunikanso. Ndipo kunyengerera kwabwino ndikutenga Redis ndikuyibwezeretsa kuchokera ku zosunga zobwezeretsera dzulo, kapena, ngati muzichita ola lililonse, kuyambira ola lapitalo. Mwamwayi, kubwezeretsa kuchokera ku zosunga zobwezeretsera kumatanthauza kukopera fayilo imodzi. Ndipo nkhani yosangalatsa kwambiri ndi Elasticsearch. Ndani adatengapo kubwereza kwa MySQL? Ndani adatengapo kubwereza kwa Elasticsearch? Ndipo ndani adagwira ntchito mokhazikika pambuyo pake? Zomwe ndikutanthauza ndikuti tikuwona chinthu china m'dongosolo lathu. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizothandiza - koma ndizovuta.
Zovuta chifukwa mainjiniya anzathu alibe chidziwitso chogwira nawo ntchito. Kapena pali chokumana nacho choipa. Kapena timamvetsetsa kuti iyi ikadali ukadaulo watsopano wokhala ndi ma nuances kapena zobiriwira. Tikuganiza ... Damn, zotanuka zimakhalanso zathanzi, zimatengeranso nthawi yayitali kuti zibwezeretse kuchokera ku zosunga zobwezeretsera, ndichite chiyani? Timamvetsetsa kuti zotanuka m'malo mwathu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka. Kodi sitolo yathu yapaintaneti imagulitsidwa bwanji? Timapita kwa amalonda ndikufunsa komwe anthu amachokera. Amayankha kuti: "90% kuchokera ku Yandex Market bwerani mwachindunji ku kirediti kadi." Ndipo mwina amagula kapena satero. Chifukwa chake, kusaka kumafunika 10% ya ogwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo kusunga kubwereza zotanuka, makamaka pakati pa malo osiyanasiyana a data m'madera osiyanasiyana, kumakhala ndi ma nuances ambiri. Kutuluka kuti? Timatenga zotanuka kuchokera pamalo osungidwa osachita chilichonse nawo. Ngati nkhaniyo ipitilira, tidzayifotokoza tsiku lina, koma izi sizotsimikizika. Kwenikweni, mapeto ndi ofanana, kuphatikiza kapena kuchotsera: ife, kachiwiri, sitimasungira ntchito zomwe sizimakhudza ndalama. Kuti chithunzicho chikhale chosavuta.
Chitsanzo chachinayi, chovuta kwambiri
Integrator: kugulitsa maluwa, kuyitana taxi, kugulitsa katundu, ambiri, chilichonse. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwira ntchito 24/7 kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri. Ndi zodzaza zonse zosangalatsa, pomwe pali maziko osangalatsa, mayankho, katundu wambiri, ndipo koposa zonse, zimapweteka kugona pansi kuposa mphindi 5. Osati kokha komanso osati chifukwa chakuti anthu sangagule, koma chifukwa anthu adzawona kuti chinthu ichi sichigwira ntchito, adzakhumudwa ndipo sangabwererenso.
CHABWINO. Mphindi zisanu. Kodi titani pankhaniyi? Pamenepa, ife, monga akuluakulu, timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zonse kuti timange malo enieni osunga zobwezeretsera, ndikubwerezabwereza zonse, ndipo mwinanso kusinthana ndi tsamba ili momwe tingathere. Ndipo kuwonjezera pa izi, muyenera kukumbukira kuchita chinthu chimodzi chofunikira: kwenikweni, lembani malamulo osinthira. Malamulowo, ngakhale mutakhala ndi zonse zokha, zitha kukhala zosavuta. Kuchokera pamndandanda wakuti "thamangani chotere ndi chotere", "dinani bokosi lakuti ndi loti munjira 53" ndi zina zotero - koma izi ziyenera kukhala mndandanda wazinthu zenizeni.
Ndipo zonse zikuwoneka bwino. Kusintha kubwereza ndi ntchito yaing'ono, kapena imadzisintha yokha. Kulembanso dzina lachidziwitso mu DNS ndikuchokera mndandanda womwewo. Vuto ndiloti pulojekiti yotere ikalephera, mantha amayamba, ndipo ngakhale amphamvu kwambiri, olamulira a ndevu amatha kukhala nawo. Popanda malangizo omveka bwino "tsegulani terminal, bwerani kuno, adilesi ya seva yathu ikadali chonchi," ndizovuta kukwaniritsa malire a mphindi 5 omwe aperekedwa kuti atsitsimutsidwe. Chabwino, kuphatikizapo, tikamagwiritsa ntchito malamulowa, n'zosavuta kulemba zosintha zina muzomangamanga, mwachitsanzo, ndikusintha malamulo moyenerera.
Chabwino, ngati dongosolo losungirako ndi lovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi ina tinalakwitsa, ndiye kuti tikhoza kuwononga malo athu osunga zobwezeretsera, ndipo kuwonjezerapo kutembenuza deta kukhala dzungu pamasamba onse awiri - izi zidzakhala zachisoni kwambiri.
Chitsanzo chachisanu, cholimba cholimba
Ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mamiliyoni mazana ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zonse madera alipo, ali ndi katundu wambiri pa liwiro lalikulu, simungathe kugona. Mphindi - ndipo zidzakhala zachisoni. Zoyenera kuchita? Sungani, kachiwiri, malinga ndi pulogalamu yonse. Tinachita zonse zomwe ndinanena mu chitsanzo chapitachi, ndi zina zambiri. Dziko loyenera, komanso zomangamanga zathu zimatengera malingaliro onse a IaaC devops. Ndiye kuti, zonse zili mu git, ndipo mumangodina batani.
Chikusowa ndi chiyani? Chimodzi - masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndizosatheka popanda iwo. Zikuwoneka kuti zonse zili bwino ndi ife, nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi ulamuliro. Timasindikiza batani, zonse zimachitika. Ngakhale zili choncho - ndipo timamvetsetsa kuti sizichitika motere - dongosolo lathu limalumikizana ndi machitidwe ena. Mwachitsanzo, izi ndi dns kuchokera ku njira 53, s3 yosungirako, kuphatikiza ndi api. Sitingathe kuwoneratu zonse mukuyesera kongoyerekezaku. Ndipo mpaka titakoka chosinthira, sitidzadziwa ngati chidzagwira ntchito kapena ayi.
Ndizo zonse. Musakhale aulesi kapena mopambanitsa. Ndipo nthawi yomaliza ikhale ndi inu!
Source: www.habr.com