Kodi kufunika kwa DevOps ndi chiyani, kumatanthauza chiyani kwa akatswiri a IT, kufotokozera njira, ndondomeko ndi zida.
Zambiri zachitika kuyambira pomwe mawu akuti DevOps adagwira mdziko la IT. Pokhala ndi gwero lotseguka la chilengedwe, ndikofunikira kuganiziranso chifukwa chake zidayambira komanso zomwe zikutanthauza pantchito ya IT.
Mawu akuti "DevOps" ndi kuphatikiza kwa mawu akuti "chitukuko" ndi "ntchito". DevOps imathandizira kukulitsa kuthamanga kwa ntchito ndi ntchito. Izi zimathandiza mabungwe kuti azitumikira bwino makasitomala awo ndikukhala opikisana pamsika. Mwachidule, DevOps ndiye kulumikizana pakati pa chitukuko ndi ntchito za IT ndi kulumikizana kothandiza komanso mgwirizano.
DevOps imaphatikizapo chikhalidwe chomwe mgwirizano pakati pa chitukuko, ntchito, ndi magulu amalonda amaonedwa kuti ndizofunikira. Sizokhudza zida zokha, monga DevOps m'bungwe imapindulitsanso makasitomala. Zida ndi chimodzi mwa zipilala zake, pamodzi ndi anthu ndi ndondomeko. DevOps imawonjezera kuthekera kwa mabungwe kuti apereke mayankho apamwamba munthawi yochepa kwambiri. DevOps imapanganso makina onse, kuyambira pakumanga mpaka kutumiza, kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kupanga.
Kukambitsirana kwa DevOps kumayang'ana kwambiri ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa opanga mapulogalamu, anthu omwe amalemba mapulogalamu kuti apeze zofunika pa moyo, ndi ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi udindo wosamalira pulogalamuyo.
Zovuta za gulu lachitukuko
Madivelopa amakonda kukhala achangu komanso ofunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano ndi matekinoloje kuti athetse mavuto a bungwe. Komabe, amakumananso ndi zovuta zina:
Magulu ogwirira ntchito akhala akuyang'ana kwambiri kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa ntchito za IT. Ichi ndichifukwa chake magulu ogwirira ntchito amafunafuna bata kudzera mukusintha kwazinthu, matekinoloje, kapena njira. Ntchito zawo ndi izi:
Kutumiza ma code pamanja kumabweretsa zolakwika pakupanga
Kusiyanasiyana kwachitukuko ndi ndondomeko zamagulu ogwirira ntchito kumabweretsa kuchedwa kwina
Kukangana pakati pa DevOps, Agile ndi IT yachikhalidwe
DevOps nthawi zambiri amakambidwa mogwirizana ndi machitidwe ena a IT, makamaka Agile ndi Waterfall IT.
Agile ndi mndandanda wa mfundo, mfundo, ndi machitidwe opangira mapulogalamu. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi lingaliro lomwe mukufuna kusintha kukhala mapulogalamu, mungagwiritse ntchito mfundo ndi mfundo za Agile. Koma pulogalamuyo imatha kuthamanga kumalo otukuka kapena kuyesa. Mufunika njira yosavuta, yotetezeka yosinthira mapulogalamu anu kuti apangidwe mwachangu komanso mobwerezabwereza, ndipo njirayo ndi kudzera pazida ndi njira za DevOps. Kukula kwa mapulogalamu a Agile kumayang'ana kwambiri njira zachitukuko ndipo DevOps imayang'anira chitukuko ndi kutumizidwa m'njira yotetezeka komanso yodalirika.
Kuyerekeza mtundu wamathithi amadzi ndi DevOps ndi njira yabwino yomvetsetsa zabwino zomwe DevOps imabweretsa. Chitsanzo chotsatirachi chikuganiza kuti ntchitoyo idzakhalapo pakatha milungu inayi, chitukuko ndi 85% chatha, ntchitoyo idzakhala yamoyo, ndipo ndondomeko yogula ma seva kuti atumize kachidindoyo yangoyamba kumene.
Njira zachikhalidwe
Njira mu DevOps
Pambuyo poyitanitsa ma seva atsopano, gulu lachitukuko limagwira ntchito poyesa. Gulu logwira ntchito limagwira ntchito pazolemba zambiri zomwe mabizinesi amafunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito zomangamanga.
Dongosolo la ma seva atsopano litayikidwa, magulu otukuka ndi ogwirira ntchito amagwirira ntchito limodzi panjira ndi zolemba kuti akhazikitse ma seva atsopano. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi womvetsetsa zofunikira zanu zamagawo.
Zambiri zokhudza failover, redundancy, malo a data center, ndi zofunikira zosungirako zimayimiridwa molakwika chifukwa palibe chothandizira kuchokera ku gulu lachitukuko lomwe lili ndi chidziwitso chakuya cha domain.
Tsatanetsatane wa failover, redundancy, kubwezeretsa masoka, malo a data center, ndi zofunikira zosungirako zimadziwika ndi zolondola chifukwa cha kuyika kwa gulu lachitukuko.
Gulu la opareshoni silidziwa za kupita patsogolo kwa gulu lachitukuko. Amapanganso ndondomeko yowunika potengera maganizo ake.
Gulu logwira ntchito likudziwa bwino za kupita patsogolo komwe gulu lachitukuko likuchita. Amalumikizananso ndi gulu lachitukuko ndipo amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti apange dongosolo lowunikira lomwe limakwaniritsa zosowa za IT ndi bizinesi. Amagwiritsanso ntchito zida zowunikira ntchito (APM).
Mfundoyi imalola magulu otukuka ndi ogwira ntchito kuti athandizire njira zopangira mapulogalamu pazaka zonse za pulogalamuyo. Makinawa ndi ofunikira kuti apange njira zobwerezabwereza, zodalirika komanso zobwerezabwereza. Chifukwa chake, bungwe liyenera kupanga payipi yobweretsera yomwe imalola kutumizidwa mosalekeza, ndi makina oyesera. Kutumiza pafupipafupi kumathandizanso magulu kuyesa njira zotumizira, potero amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa kutumiza panthawi yotulutsa.
Kuyang'anira ndi kuwunika momwe ntchito ikuyendera
Mabungwe ali bwino kuyang'anira ntchito zomwe akupanga chifukwa ali ndi zida zomwe zimajambula ma metrics ndi ma key performance indicators (KPIs) mu nthawi yeniyeni. Mfundo imeneyi imapangitsa kuwunika koyambilira kwa moyo, kuwonetsetsa kuti kuyezetsa kumayang'anira momwe ntchitoyo ikugwirira ntchito komanso zomwe sizikugwira ntchito panthawiyi. Nthawi zonse ntchito ikayesedwa ndikutumizidwa, ma metrics abwino ayenera kuunika ndikuwunikidwa. Zida zowunikira zimapereka chenjezo loyambirira la zovuta zogwirira ntchito komanso zabwino zomwe zingabwere panthawi yopanga. Zizindikirozi ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa mwanjira yomwe ikupezeka komanso yomveka kwa onse okhudzidwa.
Kupititsa patsogolo Feedback Loops
Chimodzi mwa zolinga za njira za DevOps ndikupangitsa mabungwe kuyankha ndikusintha mwachangu. Popereka mapulogalamu, cholinga ichi chimafuna kuti bungwe lilandire ndemanga mwachangu kenako ndikuphunzira mwachangu pa chilichonse chomwe chachitika. Mfundoyi imafuna kuti mabungwe apange njira zoyankhulirana zomwe zimalola okhudzidwa kuti azitha kupeza ndi kuyanjana m'njira zofotokozera. Chitukuko chikhoza kuchitika posintha mapulani anu a projekiti kapena zofunika kwambiri. Kupanga kumatha kuchitapo kanthu pokonza malo opangira.
Dev
Kukonzekera: Kanboard, Wekan ndi njira zina za Trello; GitLab, Tuleap, Redmine ndi njira zina za JIRA; Mattermost, Roit.im, IRC ndi njira zina za Slack.
Lemba kodi: Git, Gerrit, Bugzilla; Jenkins ndi zida zina zotseguka za CI/CD
Kuyang'anira: Grafana, Prometheus, Nagios, InfluxDB, Fluentd, ndi ena omwe adalembedwa mu bukhuli.
(*Zida zogwirira ntchito zawerengedwa molingana ndi momwe magulu ogwirira ntchito amagwirira ntchito, koma zida zake zimadutsana ndi magawo a moyo wa zida zotulutsa ndi zotumizira. Kuti ziwerengedwe mosavuta, manambala achotsedwa.)
Pomaliza
DevOps ndi njira yomwe ikuchulukirachulukira yomwe ikufuna kubweretsa opanga ndi magwiridwe antchito ngati gawo limodzi. Ndi yapadera, yosiyana ndi machitidwe achikhalidwe a IT, ndipo imathandizira Agile (koma sizosinthika).
Dziwani zambiri zamomwe mungapezere ntchito yomwe mukufuna kuyambira pachiyambi kapena Level Up malinga ndi luso ndi malipiro pochita maphunziro olipidwa pa intaneti kuchokera ku SkillFactory: