Kuyerekeza njira ndi machitidwe otetezera deta yaumwini ku Russia ndi EU
M'malo mwake, ndi chilichonse chochitidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti, njira ina yosinthira zidziwitso za wogwiritsa ntchito imachitika.
Sitilipira ntchito zambiri zomwe timalandira pa intaneti: pofufuza zambiri, maimelo, kusunga deta yathu pamtambo, polankhulana pamasamba ochezera, ndi zina zambiri. Komabe, mautumikiwa ndi aulere chabe: timalipira. kwa iwo ndi deta yathu , zomwe makampaniwa amasandulika kukhala ndalama, makamaka kudzera mu malonda.
Pakadali pano, zambiri za jenda, zaka ndi malo okhala, mbiri yakale -
maziko amakampani otsatsa pa intaneti okwana mabiliyoni a madola ndi mayuro. Ndiko kuti, kuchokera pamalamulo, deta yaumwini ndi zipangizo zochitira bizinesi. Chifukwa chake, makampani amayesetsa kwambiri ndipo amawononga ndalama zambiri kuti apeze ndikukonza zidziwitso zawo. Kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mu 2018 akuwonetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito, pomvetsetsa kufunikira kwazinthu zawo, sakukhutira kwambiri ndi momwe makampani amachitira zinthu zawo.
Kuwongolera pagawo la kugwiritsa ntchito deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito sikunachitikebe ndipo kutsalira kumbuyo kwa chitukuko chaukadaulo osati ku Russia kokha, koma padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa zokonda za ogula ndi makampani mu "ndalama - service - data". - ndalama" chitsanzo chikumangidwa lero ndi Owongolera komanso ndi mapangano achinsinsi pakati pa anthu ndi makampani. Owongolera akuchepetsa kuthekera kwa makampani a IT ndikukulitsa ufulu wa ogwiritsa ntchito: kuyambitsa malamulo atsopano omwe amapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pazomwe amapereka.
Ndizosangalatsa kuyerekeza njira za owongolera m'maiko aku Europe ndi Russia. Ku Russia, malamulo oyendetsera kasamalidwe kazinthu zamunthu ndi Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data (152-FZ) kuphatikiza Code of Administrative Offences, yomwe imakhazikitsa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa chindapusa chophwanya ndondomeko yosunga deta yamunthu. . Zindapusa za oyang'anira zakwera kwambiri kuyambira pa Julayi 1, 2017. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chindapusa chatsopano chinakhazikitsidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa cholakwacho. Choncho, akuluakulu akhoza kulipira chindapusa cha 3000 mpaka 20 rubles, amalonda payekha - mu kuchuluka kwa 000 mpaka 5000 rubles, mabungwe - mu kuchuluka kwa 20 mpaka 000 rubles. Komanso, akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu pa zolakwa zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kampani imodzi imatha kupatsidwa chindapusa chosiyanasiyana chifukwa chophwanya malamulo osiyanasiyana. Koma udindo umaperekedwa makamaka chifukwa cholephera kutsatira zofunikira, mwachitsanzo, ngati mapepala ofunikira akusowa. Izi sizimakhudzana nthawi zonse ndi chitetezo chenicheni cha chidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo, kutayikira pakokha sikuli chifukwa cha zilango pokhapokha ngati malamulo ena aphwanyidwa. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kuchuluka kwa zolakwa zomwe zadziwika pakugwiritsa ntchito deta zaumwini zili ndi zomwe zaperekedwa mu Article 15 ya Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation: "Kulephera kugonjera kapena kugonjera mwadzidzidzi ku bungwe la boma (Roskomnadzor) - zambiri. (zidziwitso), zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi lamulo ndipo ndizofunikira kuti bungweli likhazikitsidwe ntchito zake zalamulo ... " Ndizosangalatsa kuti udindo waukulu kwambiri umaperekedwa osati chifukwa chophwanya ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito deta yaumwini (monga tawonetsera pamwambapa, izi ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 000-75 zikwi), koma makamaka chifukwa cholephera kupereka (kuchedwa, kugonjera kosakwanira) zokhudzana ndi Njira yogwiritsira ntchito deta yaumwini ku Roskomnadzor ikuyenera kulipira chindapusa cha ma ruble 000. Iwo. m'malamulo aku Russia komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, zomwe zikuchitika ndi "chinthu chachikulu ndikuti sutiyo ikugwirizana" ndipo zosowa za boma zimakwaniritsidwa. akuluakulu mu malipoti osiyanasiyana. Ufulu weniweni wa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi chitetezo cha deta yawo pa intaneti ndizotetezedwa bwino. Kuchuluka kwa chindapusa sikumayenderana mwanjira iliyonse ndi kuchuluka kwa phindu lomwe makampani ena amalandila akaphwanya kasamalidwe kazinthu zapaintaneti ndipo samalimbikitsa kutsatira malamulowa.
Mu EU chithunzicho ndi chosiyana. Kuyambira Meyi 2018, ku Europe, kugwira ntchito ndi zidziwitso zaumwini kumayendetsedwa ndi malamulo opangira zidziwitso zamunthu omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi General Data Protection Regulation (Malamulo a EU 2016/679 ya Epulo 27, 2016 kapena GDPR - General Data Protection Regulation). Lamuloli limakhudza mwachindunji mayiko onse 28 a EU. Lamuloli limapatsa nzika za EU kulamulira kwathunthu pazambiri zawo. Pansi pa GDPR, nzika za EU ndi okhalamo ali ndi ufulu wambiri wowongolera zomwe akudziwa. Ogwiritsa ntchito ku Ulaya ali ndi ufulu wopempha chitsimikiziro chakuti deta yawo ikukonzedwa, malo ndi cholinga cha kukonzanso, magulu a deta yaumwini yomwe ikukonzedwa, komwe anthu ena amawululira deta yawo, nthawi yomwe deta ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. zidzakonzedwa, komanso kulongosola gwero la chiphaso cha bungwe la deta yaumwini ndikupempha kuwongolera kwawo. Komanso, wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi ufulu wofuna kuti kusinthidwa kwa deta yake kuyimitsidwe.
Kuyambira Meyi 2018, chindapusa ngati chindapusa chophwanya malamulo opangira zidziwitso zaumwini: malinga ndi GDPR, chindapusacho chimafika ma euro 20 miliyoni (pafupifupi ma ruble 1,5 biliyoni) kapena 4% ya ndalama zapachaka zamakampani padziko lonse lapansi.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti zonsezi zimagwira ntchito, makampani omwe akuphwanya ufulu wa ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala ndi mlandu komanso mozama kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pa Januware 21, 2019, bungwe la French National Commission for Informatics and Civil Rights (CNIL) lidaganiza zolipira kampani yaku America ya GOOGLE LLC ma euro 50 miliyoni chifukwa chophwanya GDPR. Mtengo wa chindapusa ndi waukulu kwambiri. Izi zikuwonetsa momveka bwino kuopsa kwa kusatsatira zofunikira za GDPR. Munalangidwira chiyani? Bungwe la French Commission lidatsimikiza kuti pakukonza koyamba kwa foni yam'manja yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Android (Google), wogwiritsa ntchito samalandila chidziwitso chonse pazomwe Google ikuchita ndi data yake. Kampaniyo sinakwaniritse udindo wake kuti iwonetsetse kuwonekera pokonza zidziwitso zaumwini ndikudziwitsa anthu (Nkhani 12 ndi 13 GDPR). Nthawi zosungiramo deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito sizimayendetsedwa bwino. Kampaniyo inalibe maziko ovomerezeka ovomerezeka opangira ma data omwe adachitika (Ndime 6 GDPR). Google idayimbidwanso mlandu wopeza molakwika chilolezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito kuti asinthe zomwe akudziwa kuti azitha kutsatsa.
Zitsanzo zina: chindapusa chochokera kwa wolamulira waku Germany LfDI kupita ku pulogalamu yochezera yapa chibwenzi Knuddels - ma euro 20.000, chipatala cha Chipwitikizi Barreiro akuimbidwa mlandu woyendetsa molakwika mwayi wopeza zidziwitso zamunthu (chindapusa cha ma euro 300) ndikuphwanya chitetezo ndi kukhulupirika kwa deta (wina 100 mayuro zikwi). Akuluakulu aku UK apereka chenjezo ku kampani yaku Canada yomwe ikuchita kafukufuku wofufuza. Kampaniyo idalamulidwa kuti asiye kukonza zidziwitso za nzika, apo ayi ikumana ndi chindapusa cha 20 miliyoni mayuro. Kampani yotsatsa digito yaku Canada ya AggregateIQ idapatsidwa chindapusa cha £17000000. Cafe ku Austria amalipiritsa ma euro 5280 chifukwa choyang'anira makanema osaloledwa (kamera yomwe idajambula mbali yamsewu). Iwo. bungwe lililonse lomwe likugwirizana ndi GDPR siliyenera kukhala lochepa, malinga ndi miyambo yapakhomo, pokhapokha pakupanga zolemba zoyendetsera ntchito.
Mwa njira, chodabwitsa cha GDPR ndikuti chimagwira ntchito kwa makampani onse omwe akukonza zidziwitso za anthu okhalamo ndi nzika za EU, mosasamala kanthu za komwe kampaniyo ili, kotero makampani aku Russia ayenera kuganizira mozama Lamuloli ngati ntchito zawo zikuyang'ana kwambiri. msika waku Europe
Source: www.habr.com