Chifukwa chachikulu cha ngozi m'malo opangira data ndi gasket pakati pa kompyuta ndi mpando

Mutu wa ngozi zazikulu m'malo amakono a data umadzutsa mafunso omwe sanayankhidwe m'nkhani yoyamba - tinaganiza zokulitsa.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku Uptime Institute, zochitika zambiri m'malo opangira ma data zimagwirizana ndi kulephera kwamagetsi amagetsi - zimatengera 39% ya zochitika. Amatsatiridwa ndi chinthu chaumunthu, chomwe chimapangitsa 24% ya ngozi zina. Chifukwa chachitatu chofunika kwambiri (15%) chinali kulephera kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya, ndipo malo achinayi (12%) anali masoka achilengedwe. Gawo lonse la zovuta zina ndi 10% yokha. Popanda kukayikira zambiri za bungwe lolemekezeka, tidzawonetsa zomwe zimachitika pa ngozi zosiyanasiyana ndikuyesera kumvetsetsa ngati zikanapewedwa. Wowononga: ndizotheka nthawi zambiri.

Sayansi ya Contacts

Kunena mwachidule, pali mavuto awiri okha ndi magetsi: mwina palibe kukhudzana komwe kuyenera kukhala, kapena pali kukhudzana komwe sikuyenera kukhudzana. Mutha kuyankhula kwa nthawi yayitali za kudalirika kwamagetsi amakono osasunthika, koma samakupulumutsani nthawi zonse. Tengani nkhani yapamwamba ya data center yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi British Airways, yomwe ili ndi kampani yaikulu ya International Airlines Group. Pali malo awiri otere omwe ali pafupi ndi Heathrow Airport - Boadicea House ndi Comet House. Koyamba mwa izi, pa Meyi 27, 2017, kudachitika mwangozi magetsi, zomwe zidadzetsa kuchulukira komanso kulephera kwa dongosolo la UPS. Zotsatira zake, zida zina za IT zidawonongeka, ndipo tsoka laposachedwa lidatenga masiku atatu kuti lithetse.

Ndegeyo idayenera kuletsa kapena kukonzanso maulendo opitilira chikwi, okwera pafupifupi 75 zikwizikwi sanathe kuwuluka nthawi yake - $ 128 miliyoni adagwiritsidwa ntchito polipira chipukuta misozi, osawerengera ndalama zomwe zimafunikira kuti abwezeretse magwiridwe antchito a malo opangira data. Mbiri yazifukwa zakuda sizidziwika bwino. Ngati mukukhulupirira zotsatira za kafukufuku wamkati zomwe zalengezedwa ndi CEO wa International Airlines Group Willie Walsh, zidachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika za mainjiniya. Komabe, makina opangira magetsi osasunthika amayenera kupirira kutsekedwa koteroko - ndichifukwa chake adayikidwa. Malo opangira ma data adayendetsedwa ndi akatswiri ochokera ku kampani yotulutsa CBRE Managed Services, kotero British Airways idayesa kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka kudzera ku khothi la London.

Kuzimitsa kwa magetsi kumachitika muzochitika zofanana: choyamba pali kuzimitsa kwa magetsi chifukwa cha vuto la wopereka magetsi, nthawi zina chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa kapena mavuto amkati (kuphatikizapo zolakwika za anthu), ndiyeno dongosolo lamagetsi losasunthika silingathe kulimbana ndi katunduyo kapena yochepa. -kusokonekera kwa nthawi ya sine wave kumayambitsa kulephera kwa mautumiki ambiri, kuchititsa kubwezeretsa komwe kumatenga nthawi yambiri ndi ndalama. Kodi n'zotheka kupewa ngozi zoterezi? Mosakayikira. Ngati mupanga dongosolo molondola, ngakhale opanga malo akuluakulu a deta satetezedwa ku zolakwika.

Munthu chifukwa

Pamene chomwe chimayambitsa chochitika ndi zolakwika za ogwira ntchito pa data, mavuto nthawi zambiri (koma osati nthawi zonse) amakhudza gawo la mapulogalamu a IT. Ngozi zotere zimachitika ngakhale m'makampani akuluakulu. Mu February 2017, chifukwa cha membala wa gulu lomwe adalemba molakwika la gulu laukadaulo la amodzi mwama data, gawo lina la ma seva a Amazon Web Services adayimitsidwa. Panali cholakwika pokonza njira yolipirira makasitomala osungira mitambo a Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). Wogwira ntchito anayesa kuchotsa ma seva angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira yolipirira, koma adagunda gulu lalikulu.

Chifukwa cha cholakwika cha injiniya, ma seva omwe amayendetsa ma module ofunikira a Amazon cloud storage software adachotsedwa. Yoyamba yomwe idakhudzidwa inali kalozera kakang'ono kamene kali ndi chidziwitso cha metadata ndi malo a zinthu zonse za S3 ku US-EAST-1 dera la America. Chochitikacho chinakhudzanso kachitidwe kakang'ono kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga deta ndikuwongolera malo omwe alipo kuti asungidwe. Pambuyo pochotsa makina enieni, magawo awiriwa amafunikira kuyambiranso kwathunthu, ndiyeno akatswiri a Amazon adadabwa - kwa nthawi yayitali, kusungirako mitambo yapagulu sikunathe kupereka zopempha zamakasitomala.

Zotsatira zake zinali zofala, chifukwa chuma chachikulu chimagwiritsa ntchito Amazon S3. Zowonongeka zinakhudza Trello, Coursera, IFTTT ndipo, zosasangalatsa kwambiri, mautumiki a abwenzi akuluakulu a Amazon kuchokera ku mndandanda wa S & P 500. Zowonongeka muzochitika zoterezi zimakhala zovuta kuwerengera, koma zinali m'dera la madola mamiliyoni ambiri a US. Monga mukuwonera, lamulo limodzi lolakwika ndilokwanira kuletsa ntchito ya nsanja yayikulu kwambiri yamtambo. Iyi si nkhani yokhayokha; pa Meyi 16, 2019, panthawi yokonza, ntchito ya Yandex.Cloud zachotsedwa makina enieni a ogwiritsa ntchito mu ru-central1-c zone zomwe zinali ZOSIMIZIDWA kamodzi. Zambiri za kasitomala zawonongeka kale pano, zina zomwe zidasokonekera. Zoonadi, anthu ndi opanda ungwiro, koma machitidwe amakono otetezera zidziwitso akhala akuyang'anitsitsa zochita za ogwiritsa ntchito mwayi asanapereke malamulo omwe adalowa. Ngati njira zoterezi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Yandex kapena Amazon, zochitika zoterezi zikhoza kupewedwa.

Kuzizira kozizira

Mu Januwale 2017, ngozi yaikulu inachitika ku Dmitrov data center ya kampani ya Megafon. Kenako kutentha kwa dera la Moscow kunatsikira ku -35 ° C, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti makina ozizirira a malowa alephereke. Othandizira atolankhani sanalankhule makamaka za zomwe zidachitika - makampani aku Russia safuna kunena za ngozi pamalo omwe ali nawo; pankhani yolengeza, timatsalira kwambiri Kumadzulo. Panali mtundu womwe ukuzungulira pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti okhudza kuzizira kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi m'mapaipi omwe adayikidwa mumsewu ndikutuluka kwa ethylene glycol. Malinga ndi iye, opareshoniyo sinathe kupeza msanga matani 30 a zoziziritsa kukhosi chifukwa chatchuthi chachitali ndikutuluka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola, kukonza kuziziritsa kwaulele kopanda kuphwanya malamulo oyendetsera dongosolo. Kuzizira kwakukulu kunakulitsa vutoli - mu Januwale, nyengo yozizira inagunda Russia mwadzidzidzi, ngakhale kuti palibe amene ankayembekezera. Zotsatira zake, ogwira ntchitowo adayenera kuzimitsa mphamvu ku gawo la ma seva, chifukwa chake ntchito zina za opareshoni sizinapezeke kwa masiku awiri.

Mwina, tikhoza kulankhula za nyengo anomaly pano, koma frosts si zachilendo kwa likulu dera. Kutentha m'nyengo yozizira m'dera la Moscow kumatha kutsika mpaka kutsika, choncho malo opangira deta amamangidwa ndi kuyembekezera kugwira ntchito mokhazikika pa -42 ° C. Nthawi zambiri, njira zozizirira zimalephera kuzizira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma glycols komanso madzi ochulukirapo munjira yozizirira. Palinso mavuto ndi unsembe wa mapaipi kapena miscalculations mu kamangidwe ndi kuyezetsa dongosolo, makamaka kugwirizana ndi chikhumbo kusunga ndalama. Zotsatira zake, ngozi yowopsa imachitika kunja kwa buluu, yomwe ikanatha kupewedwa.

Masoka achilengedwe

Nthawi zambiri, mabingu ndi/kapena mphepo yamkuntho imasokoneza zomangamanga za malo opangira data, zomwe zimadzetsa kusokoneza kwa ntchito ndi/kapena kuwonongeka kwa zida. Zochitika chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa zimachitika kawirikawiri. Mu 2012, mphepo yamkuntho yotchedwa Hurricane Sandy inasesa kumadzulo kwa gombe la United States ndi mvula yamphamvu. Ili m'nyumba yokwera kwambiri ku Lower Manhattan, Peer 1 data center anataya mphamvu yakunja, madzi amchere a m’nyanja atasefukira m’zipinda zapansi. Majenereta adzidzidzi a pamalowa anali pansanjika ya 18, ndipo mafuta awo anali ochepa - malamulo omwe adakhazikitsidwa ku New York pambuyo pa zigawenga za 9/11 zimaletsa kusunga mafuta ochulukirapo m'chipinda chapamwamba.

Pampu yamafuta nayonso inalephera, motero ogwira ntchitowo anakhala masiku angapo akukokera dizilo pamanja pa majenereta. Kulimba mtima kwa gululo kunapulumutsa malo osungira data ku ngozi yoopsa, koma kodi zinali zofunikadi? Tikukhala padziko lapansi lomwe lili ndi mpweya wa nitrogen-oxygen komanso madzi ambiri. Mphepo yamkuntho ndi mphepo yamkuntho ndizofala kuno (makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja). Okonza mwina angachite bwino kuganizira zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndikupanga njira yoyenera yosasokoneza magetsi. Kapena sankhani malo abwino kwambiri a data center kuposa malo okwera pachilumba.

Zina zonse

Uptime Institute imatchula zochitika zosiyanasiyana mgululi, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kusankha zomwe zimachitika. Kuba kwa zingwe zamkuwa, magalimoto akugwera m'malo osungiramo data, zothandizira magetsi ndi ma thiransifoma, moto, zofukula zomwe zimawononga zida zowoneka bwino, makoswe ( makoswe, akalulu ngakhalenso mphutsi, zomwe kwenikweni ndi nyama zotchedwa marsupial), komanso omwe amakonda kuwombera mawaya - menyu ndi yayikulu. Kulephera kwa mphamvu kungayambitsenso kuba magetsi kulima chamba chosaloledwa. Nthawi zambiri, anthu enieni amakhala olakwa pazochitikazo, mwachitsanzo, tikuchitanso ndi chinthu chaumunthu, pamene vuto liri ndi dzina ndi dzina. Ngakhale poyang'ana koyamba ngoziyo ikugwirizana ndi vuto laukadaulo kapena masoka achilengedwe, zitha kupewedwa pokhapokha ngati malowa adapangidwa bwino ndikuyendetsedwa bwino. Zokhazokha ndizochitika zowonongeka zowonongeka kwa malo osungirako deta kapena kuwonongeka kwa nyumba ndi nyumba chifukwa cha tsoka lachilengedwe. Izi ndizochitika zokakamiza kwambiri, ndipo mavuto ena onse amayamba chifukwa cha gasket pakati pa kompyuta ndi mpando - mwinamwake iyi ndi gawo losadalirika la dongosolo lililonse lovuta.

Source: www.habr.com