Gawo lazachipatala pang'onopang'ono koma mwachangu likusintha matekinoloje a cloud computing kumunda wake. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mankhwala amakono adziko lapansi, kutsatira cholinga chachikulu - kuyang'ana kwa odwala - amapanga chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera chithandizo chamankhwala ndikuwongolera zotsatira zachipatala (ndipo chifukwa chake, kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa munthu wina ndikutalikitsa): kupeza mwachangu zambiri za wodwalayo mosasamala kanthu za komwe ali ndi dokotala. Masiku ano, matekinoloje amtambo okha ndi omwe ali ndi kuthekera kowoneka kuti akwaniritse izi.
Mwachitsanzo, kuthana ndi coronavirus yapano Kuthamanga kwa chidziwitso choperekedwa ndi China pamilandu ya matenda ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku, zomwe sizinatheke chifukwa chaukadaulo wamakono azidziwitso, kuphatikiza zamtambo, zimathandizira. Yerekezerani: kutsimikizira mliri (zomwe zikutanthauza kupeza ndikusanthula zambiri pazaumoyo wa anthu, kuphunzira kachilomboka pakapita nthawi) chifukwa cha SARS coronavirus ku China mu 2002 pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu! Panthawiyi, zidziwitso zovomerezeka zidalandiridwa ndi World Health Organisation nthawi yomweyo - mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi awiri. "Ndife okondwa kuwona momwe dziko la China likuyendetsera mliriwu ... kuphatikiza kupereka zidziwitso ndi zotsatira za ma genetic omwe ali ndi kachilomboka." Director General wa WHO Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus pamsonkhano ndi Purezidenti waku China Xi Jinping. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe "mitambo" ingathe kukhala nayo pazamankhwala ndi chifukwa chake.
Nkhani za data zachipatala
βMavoliyumu
Ma data ambiri, omwe mankhwala akhala akugwira nawo ntchito, tsopano akusintha kukhala zazikulu. Izi zikuphatikiza osati mbiri zachipatala zokha, komanso gulu lazachipatala komanso kafukufuku wambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana azachipatala, komanso chidziwitso chatsopano chachipatala chomwe chikukulirakulira mokulira: nthawi yake yowirikiza kawiri inali pafupifupi zaka 50 zapitazo mu 1950; chinawonjezeka kufika pa zaka 7 mu 1980; Zaka 3,5 zinali mu 2010 ndipo mu 2020 zikuyembekezeka kuwirikiza kawiri mkati mwa masiku 73 (malinga ndi ).
Nazi zina mwazifukwa za kuchuluka kwa data padziko lonse lapansi:
- Kukula kwa sayansi, motero, kuwonjezeka kwa mabuku ndi kuphweka kwa njira zosindikizira zipangizo zatsopano za sayansi.
- Kuyenda kwa odwala ndi njira zatsopano zosonkhanitsira deta (zida zam'manja zowunikira ndikuwunika ngati magwero atsopano a ziwerengero).
- Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi ya moyo ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha "okalamba okalamba".
- Kuwonjezeka kwa odwala achichepere omwe amakopeka ndi kukwezedwa kwamakono padziko lonse lapansi kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso mankhwala oletsa (poyamba, achinyamata amapita kwa madokotala pokhapokha atadwala).
βKupezeka
M'mbuyomu, asing'anga adagwiritsa ntchito magwero angapo azidziwitso, kuyambira pamakina osakira, pomwe zomwe zilimo zitha kukhala zosadalirika, mpaka m'magazini osindikizidwa ndi mabuku a library yakuchipatala, zomwe zimatenga nthawi kuti mupeze ndikuwerenga. Ponena za mbiri zachipatala ndi zotsatira za mayeso a odwala m'zipatala zaboma ndi zapadera ndi zipatala, tonse tikudziwa kuti bungwe lililonse lachipatala loterolo liri ndi mbiri yake ya odwala, pomwe madokotala amalowetsamo zambiri ndikuyika m'mapepala okhala ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku. Zosungidwa zamapepala sizinasowenso. Ndipo gawo lomwe la chidziwitso cha odwala lomwe limajambulidwa pa digito limasungidwa pa maseva am'deralo mkati mwa bizinesi yachipatala. Choncho, kupeza chidziwitsochi n'kotheka kokha kwanuko (kuphatikiza mtengo wokwera wa kukhazikitsa, kuthandizira ndi kukonza dongosolo loterolo la "boxed").
Momwe ukadaulo wamtambo ukusintha chisamaliro chaumoyo kukhala chabwino
Kusinthana kwa chidziwitso pakati pa akatswiri azachipatala okhudza wodwala kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri. Deta yonse ya wodwalayo imalowetsedwa mu yake , yomwe imasungidwa pa seva yakutali mumtambo: mbiri yachipatala; masiku enieni ndi chikhalidwe cha kuvulala, mawonetseredwe a matenda ndi katemera (osati kusokonezeka kwa mawu a wodwalayo omwe amawoneka pazaka zambiri - zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zizindikire, kutchula mankhwala, kulosera za kuopsa kwa matenda kwa ana); zithunzi zosiyanasiyana (x-ray, CT, MRI, zithunzi, etc.); zotsatira za mayeso; cardiography; zambiri za mankhwala; mavidiyo ojambulidwa okhudza opaleshoni ndi zina zilizonse zachipatala ndi zoyang'anira. Kupeza deta yaumwini, yotetezedwa imaperekedwa kwa madokotala ovomerezeka m'zipatala zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwongolere kayendetsedwe ka ntchito kwa dokotala, kupanga zolondola komanso zachangu, ndikukonzekera zolondola komanso, zofunika, chithandizo chanthawi yake.
Mbiri yachipatala yamagetsi
Kusinthana mwachangu kwa chidziwitso pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana azachipatala kumakhala kotheka. Uku ndiko kuyanjana kwa ma laboratories ofufuza, makampani opanga mankhwala okhala ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana azachipatala (kukhalapo kwa mankhwala), ndi zipatala zokhala ndi zipatala.
Mankhwala odzitetezera olondola (okhazikika) akutuluka. Makamaka, mothandizidwa ndi matekinoloje opangira nzeru, omwe sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabungwe ambiri azachipatala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe amafunikira pakompyuta, komanso mumtambo - .
Makina opangira chithandizo amachepetsa nthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zolemba zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi , mzere wamagetsi ndi kulandila kwakutali kwa zotsatira za mayeso, inshuwaransi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi mbiri yachipatala, ΠΈ - zonsezi zimathandiza ogwira ntchito zachipatala kumasulidwa ku mapepala ndi ntchito zina zachizolowezi kuti athe kuthera nthawi yochuluka yogwira ntchito mwachindunji ku vuto la wodwalayo.
Pali mwayi wopulumutsa zambiri pazomangamanga, ngakhale mpaka osachitapo kanthu. Mitundu ya Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) ndi mapulogalamu-as-a-service (SaaS) yoperekedwa ndi opereka mautumiki amtambo amakulolani kuti musinthe kugula kwamtengo wapatali kwa mapulogalamu ndi ndalama zazikulu zogwirira ntchito zachipatala ndikubwereka izi. zitsanzo ndi kuzipeza kudzera pa intaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zokha za seva zomwe bungwe limagwiritsa ntchito zimalipidwa, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kapena kusungirako. Kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amtambo limodzi ndi chithandizo chaukadaulo kuchokera kwa wothandizira pamtambo kumathandizira mabizinesi azachipatala kuti apulumutse kwambiri pamitengo ya ogwira ntchito ku IT, popeza palibe chifukwa chosungira zosungira zawo.
Chitetezo chimafika pamlingo wina watsopano. Kulekerera zolakwika, kubwezeretsa deta, chinsinsi zakhala zotheka chifukwa cha matekinoloje osiyanasiyana (zosunga zobwezeretsera, kubisala kumapeto kwa mapeto, kubwezeretsa masoka, ndi zina zotero), zomwe ndi njira yachikhalidwe zimafuna ndalama zambiri (kuphatikiza mtengo wokonza zolakwika za ogwira ntchito omwe sangakwanitse. dera ili la IT) kapena sizingatheke, ndipo liti akuphatikizidwa mu phukusi la mautumiki kuchokera kwa wothandizira (pomwe nkhani zachitetezo zimayendetsedwa ndi akatswiri omwe amatsimikizira chitetezo china, chokwanira).
Zimakhala zotheka kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala apamwamba popanda kuchoka kunyumba: telemedicine. Kuyankhulana kwakutali kutengera deta ya odwala pakompyuta yosungidwa mumtambo ikuwonekera kale. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa cloud computing pazachipatala, teleconsultation ikuyembekezeka kukhala tsogolo lazachipatala. Msika wa telemedicine wakula kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Pofika chaka cha 2015, msika wapadziko lonse wa telemedicine unali wamtengo wapatali $18 biliyoni ndipo ukuyembekezeka kukhala woposa $2021 biliyoni pofika 41. Zinthu zingapo zathandizira kukula kwa msika, kuphatikiza kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito zachipatala zachikhalidwe, ndalama zothandizira telemedicine, komanso kuchulukitsidwa kwachipatala cha digito. Telemedicine ndiyofunikira makamaka kwa anthu olumala, kuphatikiza imachepetsa kwambiri katundu pazipatala ndi zipatala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, palibe amene angaletse dokotala "wamoyo": mwachitsanzo, mapulogalamu monga British cloud service , akugwira ntchito pamaziko a AI (za zomwe zili pansipa), amatha kufunsa wodwalayo za madandaulo ake, kusanthula zotsatira za mayeso ndikupereka malingaliro (kuphatikizapo katswiri, nthawi ndi mafunso ati oti mupiteko).
Kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa telemedicine kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2021 (mu $ biliyoni)
Zosankha zachipatala zomwe zimagawidwa mwachangu zimakwaniritsidwa. Kupambana kwakukulu mu opaleshoni ya opaleshoni kwakhala msonkhano wapavidiyo wanthawi yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni. Zimakhala zovuta kuganiza mozama za mwayi wofunsana ndi madokotala amphamvu pazochitika zadzidzidzi panthawi ya opaleshoni, yomwe ili m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Zimakhalanso zovuta kulingalira kukambirana kosasokonezeka popanda zipangizo zamakono zamtambo.
Analytics imakhala yolondola kwambiri. Kutha kuphatikiza makhadi amagetsi ndi zolemba zakale ndi data ya odwala okhala ndi makina owunikira opangidwa ndi mitambo amakulolani kuti muwonjezere chiwerengero ndikuwongolera maphunziro. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana a zamankhwala, makamaka pankhani ya kafukufuku wa majini, zomwe zakhala zovuta kuchita ndendende chifukwa cholephera kusonkhanitsa chithunzi chokwanira komanso cholondola cha mbiri ya moyo wa wodwalayo ndi achibale ake.
Njira zatsopano zodziwira matenda zikubwera. Kupanga matekinoloje anzeru ochita kupanga amatha kuzindikira matenda mwa kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza zinthu osati kungomwazikana kuchokera ku mbiri yachipatala ya wodwalayo, komanso kufananiza chidziwitsochi ndi ntchito zambiri zasayansi, kutengera malingaliro munthawi yochepa kwambiri. Inde, dongosolo adasanthula zambiri za odwala komanso mapepala asayansi pafupifupi 20 miliyoni ochokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana a oncology ndikudziwitsa wodwalayo m'mphindi 10, ndikupereka njira zochiritsira zomwe zingatheke, zomwe zimayikidwa pamlingo wodalirika ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi data yachipatala. Mukhoza kuwerenga za dongosolo , ΠΈ . Zimagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi kuchokera ku Google. werengani za momwe AI imathandizira asing'anga, makamaka akatswiri a radiology, omwe akukumana ndi vuto lowerenga molondola zithunzi za X-ray, zomwe zimatsogolera ku matenda olakwika, motero, mochedwa kapena osalandira chithandizo. A - AI yomwe imapanga zithunzi za pulmonologists. Izi zikuphatikizanso kuyang'anira odwala: mwachitsanzo, kachitidwe ka America kozikidwa pa AI amayang'anira mkhalidwe wa odwala (kapena aakulu odwala) akuchira pambuyo mankhwala zovuta, amasonkhanitsa zambiri, amene kenako anaperekedwa kwa dokotala, amapereka malangizo ena, amawakumbutsa kumwa mankhwala ndi kufunika kuchita njira zofunika. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa AI pamlingo uwu wozindikiritsa ndi kuyang'anira matenda kwakhala kotheka kutengera mphamvu ya cloud computing.
Intaneti ya Zinthu ikukula, zida zachipatala zanzeru zikuwonekera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati ndi ogwiritsa ntchito okha (kwa iwo okha), komanso ndi madokotala, kulandira chidziwitso cha umoyo wa odwala awo kuchokera kuzipangizo zam'manja pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amtambo.
Mwayi wamapulatifomu azachipatala pa intaneti
βZochitika zakunja
Imodzi mwamapulatifomu oyambira azachipatala aku US, inali nsanja yazaumoyo yomwe idapangidwa kuti ichotse ndikuwonetsa zidziwitso za odwala kuchokera kumagwero ambiri, kuphatikiza zolemba zojambulidwa (ma cardiogram, CT scans, ndi zina zotero) ndi njira zingapo zowonera zamankhwala, zotsatira za labotale, zamankhwala. malipoti, maopaleshoni, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala komanso mauthenga okhudzana nawo. Idapangidwa ndi Microsoft yokhala ndi dzina la Microsoft Amalga Unified Intelligence System. Pulatifomu idapangidwa koyambirira ngati Azyxxi ndi madokotala ndi ofufuza ku dipatimenti yadzidzidzi ya Washington Hospital Center mu 1996. Pofika mu February 2013, Microsoft Amalga inali gawo la zinthu zingapo zokhudzana ndi thanzi zomwe zidaphatikizidwa kukhala mgwirizano ndi wotchedwa Cardigm. Kumayambiriro kwa 2016, Microsoft idagulitsa gawo lake ku Caradigm ku GE.
Amalga yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kumangiriza machitidwe azachipatala osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya data kuti apereke chithunzi chaposachedwa, chaposachedwa cha mbiri yachipatala ya wodwala. Zigawo zonse za Amalga zaphatikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amalola kupanga njira zokhazikika ndi zida zolumikizirana ndi mapulogalamu ambiri ndi ma hardware omwe amaikidwa m'zipatala. Dokotala wogwiritsa ntchito Amalga amatha, pakangopita masekondi angapo, kulandira zidziwitso zakuchipatala zam'mbuyomu komanso zamakono, mndandanda wamankhwala ndi ziwengo, mayeso a labotale, ndikuwunikanso ma X-ray, ma CT scans, ndi zithunzi zina, zokonzedwa mwanjira imodzi kuti ziwonetsere kwambiri. mfundo zofunika kwa wodwala uyu.
Microsoft Amalga Unified Intelligence System
Masiku ano, Caradigm USA LLC ndi kampani yowunikira zaumoyo wa anthu yomwe ikupereka kasamalidwe kaumoyo wa anthu, kuphatikiza kuwunika kwa data, kugwirizanitsa ndi kasamalidwe ka odwala, chithandizo chaumoyo ndi ntchito zothandizira odwala padziko lonse lapansi. Kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito nsanja ya data yachipatala , yomwe ndi mbadwo wotsatira wa Caradigm Intelligence Platform (yomwe poyamba inkadziwika kuti Microsoft Amalga Health Information System). Dongosolo la data lachipatala limakwaniritsa zinthu zomwe zilipo kale, kuphatikiza zolemba zakale zachipatala ndi makina ojambulira azaumoyo. Dongosololi limaphatikizapo malo ovuta kulandira ndi kukonza deta yosasinthika ndi zolemba zachipatala, zithunzi ndi deta ya genomics.
βZochitika za ku Russia
Machitidwe azachipatala amtambo ndi ntchito zapaintaneti zikuwonekera kwambiri pamsika waku Russia. Ena ndi nsanja zomwe zimagwira ntchito zonse zoyang'anira zipatala zapadera, zina zimangogwira ntchito m'ma laboratories azachipatala, ndipo zina zimapereka chidziwitso chamagetsi pakati pa mabungwe azachipatala ndi mabungwe aboma ndi makampani a inshuwaransi. Tiyeni tipereke zitsanzo zingapo.
- nsanja yodzichitira okha zachipatala: nthawi yokumana ndi madotolo pa intaneti, makina olembetsa ndi malo antchito adotolo, makhadi amagetsi, zowunikira zakutali, malipoti a kasamalidwe, kaundula wa ndalama ndi ndalama, kuwerengera ndalama.
-dongosolo , kulola odwala kuti ayang'ane kukonzekera kwa mayesero muzitsulo ziwiri ndi kulandira zotsatira za labotale nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku komanso kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Electronic Medicine ndi kampani yomwe imapanga mapulogalamu a mabungwe azachipatala, ma pharmacies, inshuwaransi yazachipatala, inshuwaransi yazaumoyo: Kuwerengera zachuma ndi ziwerengero zachipatala, zipatala, kuphatikiza machitidwe a radiological ndi labotale ndi ntchito za federal, registry yamagetsi, kuwerengera mankhwala, labotale, zamankhwala zamagetsi. zolemba ().
- makina odzichitira okha m'malo azachipatala a mbiri iliyonse kupatula zipatala: zipatala zazikulu; maofesi a mano, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera ndi malo osiyana; m'madipatimenti azadzidzidzi omwe amajambula mafoni ndikujambulitsa magawo osiyanasiyana ndikusunga ma graph.
ndi kampani yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino pakukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa zidziwitso zovuta zamabungwe azachipatala. Perekani nsanja yaukadaulo pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zachipatala.
- pulogalamu yoyang'anira zipatala zapadera potengera matekinoloje amtambo: kulembetsa pa intaneti, telefoni ya IP, kasitomala, kuwerengera zinthu, kuyang'anira ndalama, zolemba zamakalata, kukonza chithandizo, kuwongolera antchito.
Pomaliza
Umoyo wapa digito umagwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zaposachedwa komanso matekinoloje olankhulirana kuti apange ndikuthandizira njira zachipatala mwachangu, zogwira mtima komanso zotsika mtengo. Kusintha kwaukadaulo kwazachipatala uku kwasanduka chikhalidwe chapadziko lonse lapansi. Zolinga zazikulu apa ndi: kuonjezera kupezeka, chitonthozo ndi ubwino wa chithandizo chamankhwala kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi; matenda a nthawi yake, olondola; kusanthula kwakuya kwachipatala; kumasula madokotala ku chizoloΕ΅ezi. Kuthetsa mavutowa mothandizidwa ndi matekinoloje apamwamba tsopano ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kugawa mphamvu zamakompyuta komanso chithandizo chaukadaulo cha akatswiri a IT, omwe apezeka ku mabungwe amtundu uliwonse ndi gawo lamankhwala chifukwa cha .
Tidzasangalala ngati nkhaniyo inali yothandiza. Ngati muli ndi chidziwitso chabwino pogwiritsa ntchito thanzi la digito, gawani mu ndemanga. Gawaninso zokumana nazo zoyipa, chifukwa ndikofunikira kukambirana zomwe zikuyenera kuwongolera m'derali.
Source: www.habr.com