Padziko lonse lapansi ndi malupanga amtengo wapatali osungira deta. Mitengo. Gawo 1

Malupanga enieni a database - globals - akhala akudziwika kwa nthawi yayitali, komabe ndi ochepa omwe amadziwa kuzigwiritsa ntchito bwino kapena alibe chida champhamvu ichi nkomwe.

Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito ma globals kuthetsa mavuto omwe ali abwino kwambiri, mutha kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Kaya pakuchita bwino kapena kufewetsa njira yothetsera vutolo (1, 2).

Globals ndi njira yapadera yosungira ndi kukonza deta, yosiyana kwambiri ndi matebulo mu SQL. Iwo anawonekera mu 1966 m’chinenerocho M(UMPS) (chisinthiko chitukuko - Cache ObjectScript, pambuyo pake COS) m'nkhokwe zachipatala ndipo zikadalipobe ntchito mwachangu, ndikulowanso m'malo ena omwe kudalirika ndi magwiridwe antchito amafunikira: ndalama, malonda, ndi zina.

Ma Global mu ma DBMS amakono amathandizira zochitika, kudula mitengo, kubwereza, ndi kugawa. Iwo. angagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga machitidwe amakono, odalirika, ogawidwa komanso ofulumira.

Ma Globals samakupangirani malire pazachibale. Amakupatsani ufulu wopanga ma data omwe amakonzedwa kuti azigwira ntchito zinazake. Pazinthu zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zapadziko lonse lapansi kumatha kukhala chida chachinsinsi, chopereka magwiridwe antchito omwe opanga mapulogalamu amaubwenzi amangolota.

Padziko lonse lapansi ngati njira yosungira deta ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'zinenero zambiri zamakono zamakono, zapamwamba komanso zotsika. Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi ndidzayang'ana kwambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi, osati chilankhulo chomwe adachokerako.

2. Momwe zinthu zapadziko lonse zimagwirira ntchito

Choyamba tiyeni timvetsetse momwe dziko lapansi limagwirira ntchito komanso mphamvu zake. Padziko lonse lapansi mutha kuyang'ana mosiyanasiyana. M’chigawo chino cha nkhaniyi tiona ngati mitengo. Kapena ngati malo osungiramo zinthu zakale.

Kunena mwachidule, dziko lonse ndi gulu lolimbikira. Mndandanda womwe umasungidwa ku disk.
Ndizovuta kulingalira chinthu chosavuta kusunga deta. M'makhodi (mu zilankhulo za COS/M) zimasiyana ndi gulu lokhazikika lokhazikika pa chizindikiro chokha. ^ pamaso pa dzina.

Kuti musunge deta padziko lonse lapansi, simuyenera kuphunzira chilankhulo cha SQL; malamulo ogwirira nawo ntchito ndi osavuta. Akhoza kuphunziridwa mu ola limodzi.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chitsanzo chosavuta. Mtengo wa mulingo umodzi wokhala ndi nthambi ziwiri. Zitsanzo zalembedwa mu COS.

Set ^a("+7926X") = "John Sidorov"
Set ^a("+7916Y") = "Sergey Smith"

Mukayika zambiri padziko lonse lapansi (Set command), zinthu zitatu zimachitika zokha:

1. Kusunga deta ku disk.
2. Kulozera. Zomwe zili m'makolo ndi fungulo (muzolemba zachingerezi - "subscript"), ndipo kumanja kwa ofanana ndi mtengo ("node value").
3. Kusanja. Deta imasanjidwa ndi kiyi. M'tsogolomu, podutsa gululi, chinthu choyamba chidzakhala "SERGEY Smith", ndi chachiwiri "John Sidorov". Mukalandira mndandanda wa ogwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, nkhokwe sikutaya nthawi kusanja. Komanso, mutha kupempha kutulutsa kwa mndandanda wosankhidwa, kuyambira pa kiyi iliyonse, ngakhale kulibe (kutulutsako kumayambira pa kiyi yoyamba yeniyeni, yomwe imabwera pambuyo pa zomwe palibe).

Ntchito zonsezi zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri. Pakompyuta yanga yakunyumba ndimapeza zotsika mpaka 750 / mphindi imodzi. Pa mapurosesa amitundu yambiri, zomwe zimatha kufikira makumi mamiliyoni kuyika/mphindi.

Zoonadi, liwiro lolowetsa palokha silinena zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kulemba zambiri mwachangu m'mafayilo am'mawu - monga chonchi malinga ndi mphekesera Visa processing ntchito. Koma pankhani yapadziko lonse lapansi, timapeza zosungirako zosungidwa bwino, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta komanso mwachangu mtsogolo.

• Mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi liwiro lomwe ma node atsopano amatha kulowetsedwa.
• Deta padziko lonse lapansi nthawi zonse imakhala ndi indexed. Kuyenda nawo, pamlingo umodzi komanso kulowa mumtengo, nthawi zonse kumakhala kofulumira.

Tiyeni tiwonjeze nthambi zina za gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu padziko lonse lapansi.

Set ^a("+7926X", "city") = "Moscow"
Set ^a("+7926X", "city", "street") = "Req Square"
Set ^a("+7926X", "age") = 25
Set ^a("+7916Y", "city") = "London"
Set ^a("+7916Y", "city", "street") = "Baker Street"
Set ^a("+7916Y", "age") = 36

Ndizodziwikiratu kuti mitengo yamitundu yambiri imatha kumangidwa potengera zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, mwayi wopita kumalo aliwonse amakhala pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha auto-indexing pakuyika. Ndipo pamlingo uliwonse wa mtengo, nthambi zonse zimasanjidwa ndi kiyi.

Monga mukuwonera, zambiri zitha kusungidwa mu kiyi komanso mtengo. Utali wa makiyi onse (chiwerengero cha kutalika kwa ma index onse) ukhoza kufika 511 byte, ndi makhalidwe 3.6 MB za Cache. Chiwerengero cha milingo mumtengo (chiwerengero cha miyeso) ndi 31.

Mfundo ina yosangalatsa. Mutha kupanga mtengo popanda kufotokoza zamtengo wapatali wamagulu apamwamba.

Set ^b("a", "b", "c", "d") = 1
Set ^b("a", "b", "c", "e") = 2
Set ^b("a", "b", "f", "g") = 3

Mabwalo opanda kanthu ndi ma node omwe alibe mtengo woperekedwa.

Kuti timvetse bwino zapadziko lonse lapansi, tiyeni tiyerekeze ndi mitengo ina: mitengo yamunda ndi mitengo yamafayilo yamafayilo.

Tiyeni tifanizire mitengo yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi mipangidwe yodziwika bwino kwa ife: ndi mitengo wamba yomwe imamera m'minda ndi m'minda, komanso mafayilo amafayilo.

Monga tikuonera m’mitengo ya m’munda, masamba ndi zipatso zimapezeka kokha kumapeto kwa nthambi.
Fayilo machitidwe - zambiri amasungidwa pa malekezero a nthambi, amene ali oyenerera bwino wapamwamba mayina.

Ndipo apa pali dongosolo la data padziko lonse lapansi.

Kusiyanasiyana:

1. Node zamkati: Nkhani zapadziko lonse zingasungidwe m’mbali zonse, osati kumapeto kwa nthambi zokha.
2. Node zakunja: Zapadziko lonse lapansi ziyenera kukhala zofotokozera kumapeto kwa nthambi, pomwe FS ndi mitengo yamaluwa sizitero.

Pankhani ya node zamkati, tinganene kuti kapangidwe ka dziko lapansi ndipamwamba kwambiri pamapangidwe amitengo yamitundu mumafayilo ndi mitengo yamaluwa. Iwo. kusinthasintha.

Mwambiri, dziko lapansi ndi mtengo wolamulidwa ndi kuthekera kosunga deta mu node iliyonse.

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi, taganizirani zomwe zingachitike ngati omwe amapanga mafayilo amafayilo atagwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi kusunga zidziwitso?

1. Kuchotsa fayilo imodzi mu bukhuli kungachotseretu chikwatu, komanso maulozera onse omwe ali ndi chikwatu chimodzi chokha chomwe chafufutidwa.
2. Sipakanafunika mayendedwe. Pakhoza kukhala mafayilo okhala ndi mafayilo ang'onoang'ono ndi mafayilo opanda mafayilo ang'onoang'ono. Ngati tiyerekeze ndi mtengo wamba, ndiye kuti nthambi iliyonse idzakhala chipatso.

   
   

3. Zinthu ngati mafayilo a README.txt mwina sizingafuneke. Zonse zomwe zimayenera kunenedwa za zomwe zili mu bukhuli zikhoza kulembedwa mu fayilo yokhayo. Pamalo anjira, dzina lafayilo silimasiyanitsidwa ndi dzina lachikwatu, kotero zinali zotheka kudutsa ndi mafayilo okha.
4. Liwiro lochotsa maulalo okhala ndi ma subdirectories okhala ndi zisa ndi mafayilo angachuluke kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pa Habré pakhala pali zolemba zautali komanso zovuta kuchotsa mafayilo ang'onoang'ono mamiliyoni (1, 2). Komabe, ngati mupanga fayilo yabodza padziko lonse lapansi, zidzatenga masekondi kapena magawo ake. Nditayesa kuchotsa ma subtrees pakompyuta yakunyumba, idachotsa ma node 1-96 miliyoni pamtengo wamitundu iwiri pa HDD (osati SSD) mu sekondi imodzi. Komanso, tikukamba za kuchotsa gawo la mtengo, osati fayilo yonse yokhala ndi globals.

Kuchotsa subtrees ndi mfundo ina yamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Simufunikanso kubwerezanso pa izi. Izi zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri.

Mumtengo wathu izi zitha kuchitika ndi lamulo kupha.

Kill ^a("+7926X")

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino zomwe tingachite padziko lonse lapansi, ndipereka tebulo lalifupi.

Malamulo oyambira ndi ntchito zogwirira ntchito ndi mayiko ku COS

Khalani
Kuyika nthambi ku mfundo (ngati sizinafotokozedwe) ndi ma node

Gwirizanitsani
Kukopera subtree

kupha
Kuchotsa kamphindi kakang'ono

ZKill
Kuchotsa mtengo wa node inayake. Kamtengo kakang'ono kamene kamatuluka mu node simakhudzidwa

$Funso
Kudutsa kwathunthu kwa mtengo, kulowa mkati mwa mtengo

$Oda
Kudutsa nthambi za mfundo inayake

$Zida
Kuwona ngati node ikufotokozedwa

$Kuwonjezera
Kuchulukitsa mtengo wa atomu. Kupewa kuchita kuwerenga ndi kulemba, kwa ACID. Posachedwapa alimbikitsidwa kuti asinthe $Kutsatizana

Zikomo chifukwa cha chidwi chanu, takonzeka kuyankha mafunso anu.

chandalama: Nkhaniyi ndi ndemanga zanga kwa izo ndi lingaliro langa ndipo sizikukhudzana ndi udindo wa InterSystems Corporation.

Kupitiliza Padziko lonse lapansi ndi malupanga amtengo wapatali osungira deta. Mitengo. Gawo 2. Muphunzira mitundu ya data yomwe ingawonetsedwe padziko lonse lapansi komanso ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zimapereka phindu lalikulu.

Source: www.habr.com