Unzika ndi ndalama: momwe mungagule pasipoti? (Gawo 1 mwa 3)

Pali njira zambiri zopezera pasipoti yachiwiri. Ngati mukufuna njira yachangu komanso yosavuta, gwiritsani ntchito unzika ndi ndalama. Nkhani zagawo zitatuzi zimapereka chiwongolero chathunthu kwa anthu aku Russia, a Belarus ndi aku Ukraine omwe angafune kulembetsa kukhala nzika zachuma. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kudziwa kuti kukhala nzika ya ndalama ndi chiyani, zomwe zimapereka, komwe mungapeze komanso momwe mungapezere, komanso pasipoti yamalonda yomwe ingakhale yabwino kwa munthu wina.

Akamayandikira akatswiri pankhani yakusamuka kwa ndalama, anthu ambiri amakhala ngati akulankhula ndi asayansi a rocket. Zomwe zili pansipa zitha kumveka ngati zomwe zili m'buku la sayansi ya rocket.

Koma palibe amene adzakutumiza ku mwezi. M'malo mwake, tapanga kukhala cholinga chathu kukuthandizani kupita komwe mukasamalidwe bwino, kukulitsa ufulu wanu, kukulitsa ndi kuteteza chuma chanu.

Chimodzi mwa zida zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi ndi pasipoti yowonjezera. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kukhala ndi pasipoti ndi kotheka kokha mu zenizeni za mabuku a akazitape, momwe anthu monga Jason Bourne ndi James Bond amayenda padziko lonse lapansi ndi zolemba khumi ndi ziwiri komanso ndalama zambiri.

Masiku ano, kusonkhanitsa mapasipoti sikulinso udindo wa ngwazi zankhani zopeka za akazitape - zikuchulukirachulukira m'matumba a mabizinesi opambana, osunga ndalama ndi anthu ena wamba omwe ali ndi malingaliro apadziko lonse lapansi.

Pali njira zambiri zopezera pasipoti yachiwiri, koma njira yachangu ndikungo "kugula" imodzi. Inde, inu mukuwerenga izo molondola. Njirayi imatha kutchedwa "kugula pasipoti", "unzika wazachuma" kapena "nzika mwa ndalama" - mawu onsewa akutanthauza chinthu chomwecho.

Maboma ena ndi okonzeka kukupatsani unzika ndi pasipoti mkati mwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka kapena chaka (malinga ndi dziko lomwe likubwera) posinthanitsa ndi ndalama zambiri kapena zopereka ku chuma chawo. Zikumveka zosangalatsa? Werengani! Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mitu yotsatirayi ndikuyankha mafunso otsatirawa:

• Kodi nzika zachuma ndi chiyani?
• Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti dziko limapereka unzika ndi ndalama?
• Kodi pasipoti yachiwiri imapatsa chiyani kwa Investor?
• Unzika ndi ndalama siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi izi...

Kodi nzika zachuma ndi chiyani?

Musanayambe kuitanitsa pasipoti yachiwiri ndi nzika za ndalama, muyenera kumvetsetsa zofunikira. Choyamba, kodi nzika ndi chiyani? Kwenikweni, kukhala nzika ndi chisonyezero cha mgwirizano wa anthu: mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi anthu kuti agwire ntchito limodzi kuti apindule.

Muubwenzi woterewu, nzikayo imavomereza maudindo ena monga kumvera malamulo, kupereka msonkho, ndi kutumikira usilikali. Pobwezera, boma limamupatsa maufulu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ufulu wovota ndi kugwira ntchito m’gawo lake.

M'zaka zapitazi, mayiko adapeza ufulu wina: ufulu woletsa kuyenda kwa anthu kumalire. Pamene dziko likusintha ndikulumikizana mochulukirachulukira, mayiko adalira mapasipoti kuti athe kuwongolera omwe angalowe ndikutuluka m'gawo lawo.

Chifukwa cha izi, pasipoti yakhala imodzi mwazinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe boma lingapereke kwa nzika kuti athandize anthu. Mapasipoti ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana amasiyana pakuthandizira kwawo kwa apaulendo, kutchuka ndi magawo ena - monga momwe ufulu ndi udindo wa nzika zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi boma.

Mwachikhalidwe, unzika unkaperekedwa kudzera mu kubadwa, kubadwa mwachibadwa, ndi ukwati. Nthawi zina idaperekedwa chifukwa chazochita zapadera pazachikhalidwe, masewera kapena sayansi. Koma mu 1984, chirichonse chinasintha: zinakhala zotheka kupeza nzika mwamsanga ndi ndalama.

Imodzi mwaudindo waukulu wa nzika ndikuthandizira chuma cha dziko lomwe ali nzika yake. Mayiko ambiri aku Western Bloc amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ufulu wokakamiza anthu kuti azipereka misonkho yayikulu.

Koma si mayiko onse amene ali chonchi. Mayiko amisonkho yotsika omwe amapereka mwayi wokhala nzika zachuma atsimikiza kuti anthu omwe amathandizira kwambiri chuma chawo kudzera m'mabizinesi obweza zaka zambiri kapena thandizo lanthawi imodzi akwaniritsa udindowu motero akuyenera kukhala nzika.

Choncho, kukhala nzika zachuma ndi njira yapadera yomwe munthu angayenerere pasipoti yachiwiri poika ndalama kumalo ena. Amapangidwira anthu olemera omwe akufuna kupeza mwachangu nzika ziwiri komanso pasipoti yachiwiri, kapenanso kukhala nzika zingapo komanso kusonkhanitsa pasipoti yonse.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti dziko limapereka unzika ndi ndalama?

Sikuti mapulogalamu onse okhala nzika zachuma amapangidwa mofanana. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa chisokonezo ponena za njira zomwe zili zovomerezeka. Tiyeni tifotokoze. Pali njira zisanu zokha zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuti muwone ngati gawo linalake limapereka mwayi wokhala nzika yolipidwa mwalamulo:

1. Kutuluka mwachangu: Palinso njira zina zopezera pasipoti yowonjezera yomwe siili yokwera mtengo ngati nzika zachuma, koma zimafuna nthawi yambiri ndi khama lanu. Ubwino wokhala nzika ndi ndalama ndikuti ndi njira yofulumira. Malta ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe limapereka unzika ndi ndalama ndipo limafuna pasipoti yodikirira kupitilira chaka chimodzi. M'mayiko ena onse okhudzidwa, ndondomeko zimatenga miyezi ingapo.
2. Commoditization: Mkhalidwe wamalonda wa nzika zonse ndi mapulogalamu a ndalama zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za dziko lake, chipembedzo kapena luso lachinenero, akhoza kukhala nzika zachuma. Kaya mukuchokera ku Pakistan kapena United States of America, mutha kupeza pasipoti ya Dominica pamtengo womwewo. Ndipo akuluakulu aboma amavomereza aliyense mwaubwenzi ngati achita bwino. Kusiyanitsa kokhako ndikuti zingatenge nthawi yayitali (masabata angapo) kuti muwone ngati wofunsira waku Pakistani amayesa kudalirika kwa wofunsira ku US. Kupatula apo, samasamala komwe mukuchokera. Ingolipirani ndikulandila pasipoti yanu.
3. Kapangidwe kake: Unzika uliwonse wotengera ndondomeko ya ndalama uyenera kukhala ndi dongosolo lomveka bwino. Izi zikutanthauza ndalama zokhazikika komanso njira yomveka yopita ku pasipoti yanu. Mapulogalamu otere amagwira ntchito ngati bizinesi iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, dziko lililonse lomwe limapereka njira "yakuda" kupita ku pasipoti yachiwiri nthawi zambiri imagwera m'gulu lina.
4. Mwalamulo: Izi zikuwoneka zoonekeratu, koma kukhala nzika yeniyeni mwa ndondomeko ya ndalama ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino, ngati sichiri mu Constitution ya ulamuliro wa khamu, ndiye mu malamulo ake othawa kwawo.
5. tisaletse: Mayiko ambiri omwe amapereka unzika wachuma safuna kuti ofuna kusankhidwa asamuke kapena kukhala m'gawo lawo (kupatulapo Antigua, Malta, Kupro ndi Turkey). Palibe boma lotere lomwe limakakamiza anthu kuti azilankhula chilankhulo chake, kulipira misonkho kunthambi yake, kapena kukwaniritsa zofunikira zilizonse kupitilira kupereka ndalama ndi umboni wakumvera malamulo.

Kodi pasipoti yachiwiri imapatsa chiyani kwa Investor?

Tsopano tiyeni tione ubwino umene mungapeze pofunsira kukhala nzika zachuma.

• Pasipoti yachiwiri ya moyo wonse: Unzika wina ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa kuti ungagwiritsidwe ntchito moyo wonse, ngati simukuchita zolakwa zazikulu ndipo musawononge chithunzi cha dziko lanu latsopano mwanjira iliyonse.
• Unzika watsopano wa banja lonse: Sikuti wopempha wamkulu yekha angalandire pasipoti yatsopano ndi kukhala nzika mwa ndalama. Ngati wosankhidwayo si munthu m’modzi, koma mwamuna wabanja, angaphatikizepo mwamuna kapena mkazi wake ndi ana ake muzofunsira. Mayiko ena amalola makolo ndi abale kuti awonjezedwe ku pulogalamuyi.
• Pasipoti yaposachedwa popanda kuyesetsa kowonjezera: Mutha kupeza pasipoti yachiwiri kudzera muzogulitsa pang'ono ndi mwezi umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi khumi ndi iwiri (malingana ndi ulamuliro). Anthu olemera omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso mbiri yabwino angagwiritse ntchito njira yosavuta yopezera chikalatachi. Nthawi zambiri sipafunika kuyenda kapena kukhala m'dera la alendowo.
• Unzika watsopano chifukwa cha kukana kosavuta kwa pano: Pasipoti yatsopano yobwereketsa ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukana kukhala nzika yanu yapano ndikusunga misonkho, kupewa kulembetsa usilikali, kapena kuthetsa mavuto ena aliwonse.
• Mwayi wapaulendo: Kufikira kwaulere kwa Visa ku UK, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore, Central ndi South America ndi Southeast Asia, komanso mayiko a EU Schengen (kapena ufulu woyenda mwaufulu mkati mwa Schengen) onse angapezeke pofunsira nzika zachuma .
• Kukonzekera msonkho: Unzika potengera ndalama sizingangosintha mkhalidwe wanu wamisonkho, koma ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi moyo wopanda msonkho, ndi sitepe yoyamba yabwino. Pokhala m'dziko lokhalamo kwa zaka zambiri ndikukhala nzika zake zachuma, mutha kupewa kulipira msonkho wa ndalama zomwe mumapeza kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi (zoyenera kwa eni mapasipoti aku St. Kitts, Vanuatu ndi Antigua).
• Inshuwaransi yabwino kwambiri: Ngati mukufuna ndondomeko yabwino "B", ndiye "kugula" pasipoti ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri. Mukafunsira kukhala nzika yazachuma, mumalandira inshuwaransi yodalirika komanso chida chodalirika chothanirana ndi zoopsa zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Unzika ndi ndalama siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi izi...

Si zabwino zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zomwe zingakhale zokondweretsa kwa munthu wina, koma othawa kwawo osakhulupirika salabadira izi, kuyiwala za njira yaumwini ndikuyesera kugulitsa "zogulitsa" zawo.

Izi zati, upangiri woyipa ndi nsonga chabe ya malingaliro olakwika okhudza chiyani, komwe, chifukwa chiyani komanso momwe mungapezere ngati mukufuna pasipoti yatsopano ndi nzika zandalama. Tiyeni tithetse izi apa ndipo tsopano! Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zikalata zomwe siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi pasipoti ya Investor.

1. Pasipoti yazabwino zapadera

Pali mapologalamu ambiri omwe amawoneka ngati nzika mwa njira zoyendetsera ndalama chifukwa amaphatikizanso zofunikira pazachuma komanso amapereka mwayi wokhala nzika akamaliza. Koma iwo amakonda kukhala osakhazikika komanso osagulitsidwa. Komanso alibe liwiro lalikulu.

Gulu la unzika wokhawokha limagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pofotokoza makonzedwe osakanizidwa awa. Mutha kugula malo ku Cambodia kapena kupereka € 3 miliyoni ku Austria ndikupeza pasipoti yachiwiri kudzera mukuchitako, koma mapulogalamuwa ali ndi chidwi ndi ndale ndipo sapezeka kwa aliyense wopempha. Umenewu si unzika woona ndi ndalama.

2. Visa yagolide

Kukhala ndi ndalama kapena visa yagolide sikufanana ndi kukhala nzika zachuma. Mayiko ambiri ndi okonzeka kupereka zilolezo zokhalamo kwa alendo omwe amaika ndalama pachuma chawo, koma chilolezo chokhalamo sichimatsimikizira kuti munthu amene akufuna kukhala nzika adzalandira. Visa yagolide imangopereka ufulu wolowa m'dziko loyenerera ndikukhala m'gawo lake chaka chonse.

Mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe munthu angakwaniritse kuti ayenerere kukhalamo, kuyambira kupereka ntchito ndi kuyambitsa kampani mpaka kukwatira m'modzi mwa nzika zakuderalo. Mayiko ena asankha kuwonjezera njira yowonjezera ndikulola alendo omwe amapanga ndalama kuti azikhala m'gawo lawo, osagwiritsa ntchito njira zina.

Koma pamenepa tikungonena za chilolezo chokhala wokhalamo. Munthu akakhala wokhalamo, akhoza kukhala wachibadwa mofanana ndi wina aliyense. Inde, sitikunena za kukhala nzika mwa ndalama.

Izi ndizochitika ndi ma visa ambiri agolide ku Europe. Mapulogalamu ofanana, mwachitsanzo, amagwira ntchito ku Greece ndi Spain. Ngakhale mutha kupeza pasipoti yachiwiri kudzera mu mgwirizano wamalonda, izi zidzafuna zaka zosachepera zisanu kukhalamo ndipo muyenera kuphunzira chilankhulo cha omwe akulandila.

Kuonjezera apo, mukuyenera kukhala m'dera lake nthawi zambiri chaka chilichonse panthawi yovomerezeka, motero mudzakhala ndi maudindo ena amisonkho kwa omwe akulandirako. Chokhacho ndi Portugal, komwe simuyenera kukhala kwamuyaya.

Yerekezerani izi ndi ziwembu zachuma Caribbean nzika, kumene kulibe nthawi yodikira naturalization (kupatulapo kuyembekezera chigamulo cha khama ndi processing ndondomeko, amene amatenga masabata ochepa okha). Mumapanga ndalama ndikulandila nzika.

3. Pasipoti kudzera mu pulogalamu ya mizimu

Chifukwa chambiri zabodza komanso zochita za olowa m'dzikolo osadziwa zambiri, anthu ena amafuna kupeza ziphaso zolowera m'dziko kudzera mwa njira zoyendetsera ndalama zomwe sizinakhalepo kapena kukhalapo kwakanthawi koma zidathetsedwa.

Mwachitsanzo, m’zaka zaposachedwapa mapulogalamu a ku Moldova ndi ku Comoros anaimitsidwa. M'mbuyomu, zinali zothekanso kupeza nzika zaku Ireland ndi ndalama, koma chiwembu chofananiracho chidayimitsidwanso ndipo ntchito yake sinayambitsidwenso.

Palinso zochitika zina pamene dziko limalengeza za unzika mwa ndondomeko ya ndalama, koma silimakwaniritsa lonjezo. Posachedwapa panali mphekesera zoti dziko la Armenia liyambitsa ndondomeko yotereyi. Komabe, pambuyo pa kusintha kwa mphamvu m'boma, adaganiza zosiya lingaliro ili.

Zolemba zoperekedwa kudzera munjira zachinyengo

Palinso vuto la chinyengo. Timalandira mafunso ambiri kuchokera kwa owerenga okhudza izi kapena pulogalamuyo, ndipo timakakamizika kuvomereza kuti izi ndi zachinyengo. Musadabwe ngati masamba omwe amalimbikitsa zachinyengozi atha mwadzidzidzi.

Chinsinsi chogwiritsa ntchito pasipoti yanu yachiwiri moyenera komanso mosamala ndikuipeza mwalamulo. Pewani mapulogalamu aliwonse okhudza kupereka ndalama kwa akuluakulu achinyengo. Unzika wovomerezeka ndi dongosolo lazachuma uyenera kufotokozedwa m'malamulo am'deralo. Ngati munthu amene amalimbikitsa pulogalamuyi sangakuuzeni maziko ovomerezeka, ingosiyani kulankhulana naye.

Kumbukirani kuti unzika wachuma ndi wokhazikika komanso wokhazikika, ndipo ndi wosavuta, wovomerezeka komanso wachangu. Chilichonse chomwe sichikukwaniritsa zofunikira zisanuzi sikukhala nzika mwa ndalama. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti njira zina zosamukirako sizingagwire ntchito kwa inu (pokhapokha ngati zili zoletsedwa, inde), koma ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe mukulowa.

Zipitilizidwa. Ngati mudakonda gawo loyamba la bukhuli, khalani tcheru. Gawo lachiwiri liwunika maiko omwe amapereka mwayi wokhala nzika mwa ndalama, komanso zofunikira kwa omwe akufuna kukhala nzika zachuma.

Muli ndi mafunso? Afunseni mu ndemanga!

Source: www.habr.com