Moni! Njira yoyamba yosungira deta padziko lonse mu mamolekyu a DNA

Ofufuza ochokera ku Microsoft ndi University of Washington awonetsa njira yoyamba yosungiramo deta yowerengeka ya DNA yopangidwa mongopanga. Ichi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri pakusuntha ukadaulo watsopano kuchokera ku ma laboratories ofufuza kupita kumalo opangira data.

Madivelopa adatsimikizira lingalirolo ndi mayeso osavuta: adalemba bwino mawu oti "hello" m'zidutswa za molekyulu ya DNA ndikuyisintha kukhala deta ya digito pogwiritsa ntchito makina omaliza mpaka kumapeto, omwe amafotokozedwa mu nkhani, lofalitsidwa pa March 21 mu Nature Scientific Reports.

Nkhaniyi ili patsamba lathu.

Mamolekyu a DNA amatha kusunga zidziwitso za digito pamiyeso yotalika kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti, mumlengalenga momwe muli danga laling'ono kwambiri kuposa lomwe lili ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zamakono. Ndi imodzi mwamayankho odalirika osungira deta yochuluka yomwe dziko limapanga tsiku lililonse, kuyambira zolemba zamabizinesi ndi makanema a nyama zokongola mpaka zithunzi zachipatala ndi zithunzi zakuthambo.

Microsoft ikufufuza njira zothetsera kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe timapanga ndipo tikufuna kuzisunga, ndi kuthekera kwathu kuzisunga. Njirazi zikuphatikiza kupanga ma algorithms ndi matekinoloje apakompyuta a molekyulu encoding data mu DNA yokumba. Izi zitha kulola kuti zidziwitso zonse zosungidwa m'malo akulu amakono a data kuti zigwirizane ndi danga lalikulu la madayisi angapo.

"Cholinga chathu chachikulu ndikuyambitsa dongosolo lomwe, kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto, limawoneka ngati njira ina iliyonse yosungira mitambo: zambiri zimatumizidwa ku data center ndikusungidwa pamenepo, ndiyeno zimangowoneka pamene kasitomala akuzifuna," akutero Sr. Wofufuza wa Microsoft Karin Strauss. "Kuti tichite izi, tidayenera kutsimikizira kuti zidali zomveka potengera zochita zokha."

Nkhanizi zimasungidwa m’mamolekyu opangidwa a DNA opangidwa mu labotale, m’malo mwa DNA ya anthu kapena zamoyo zina, ndipo akhoza kusungidwa mwachinsinsi asanatumizidwe ku dongosololi. Ngakhale makina ovuta monga ma synthesizer ndi ma sequencers amachita kale mbali zazikuluzikulu za ndondomekoyi, njira zambiri zapakatikati mpaka pano zimafunikira ntchito yamanja mu labotale yofufuza. "Sikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda," atero a Chris Takahashi, wofufuza wamkulu pa Paul Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering ku USF (Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering).

"Simungathe kukhala ndi anthu omwe akuthamanga kuzungulira malo opangira deta ndi pipettes, njira iyi ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa zolakwika zaumunthu, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo zimatenga malo ochulukirapo," Takahashi anafotokoza.

Kuti njira yosungiramo deta imeneyi ikhale yomveka bwino pa malonda, mtengo wa kaphatikizidwe ka DNA—kupanga midadada yofunikira—ndi ndondomeko yotsatizana yofunika kuŵerenga zimene zasungidwazo ziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Ochita kafukufuku amanena kuti uku ndi kumene akupita chitukuko chofulumira.

Makina ochita kupanga ndi gawo lina lofunikira pazithunzi kuti athe kusunga deta pamlingo wamalonda ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yotsika mtengo, malinga ndi ofufuza a Microsoft.

Nthawi zina, DNA imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali kuposa makina amakono osungira, omwe amawonongeka kwa zaka zambiri. DNA ina yatha kukhala ndi moyo m’mikhalidwe yosayenerera kwa zaka zikwi makumi ambiri—m’nyanga zazikulu kwambiri ndi m’mafupa a anthu oyambirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti deta ikhoza kusungidwa motere malinga ngati umunthu ulipo.

Makina osungira a DNA amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu opangidwa ndi Microsoft ndi University of Washington (UW). Imasintha zomwe ndi ziro za deta ya digito kukhala ma nucleotides (A, T, C ndi G), omwe ndi "zomangira" za DNA. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsika mtengo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda pashelefu, zida za labotale kuti zipereke madzi ofunikira ndi ma reagents ku synthesizer, yomwe imasonkhanitsa zidutswa za DNA zopangidwa ndikuziyika m'chidebe chosungira.

Dongosololi likafuna kutulutsa zambiri, limawonjezera mankhwala ena kuti likonzekere bwino DNA ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito mapampu a microfluidic kukankhira madzi m’zigawo zina za DNA zimene zimawerenga motsatizanatsatizana ndi mamolekyu a DNA n’kuwasintha n’kukhala mfundo zimene kompyuta ingamvetse. Ofufuzawo akuti cholinga cha polojekitiyi sichinali kutsimikizira kuti dongosololi likhoza kugwira ntchito mofulumira kapena motsika mtengo, koma kungosonyeza kuti makina amatha.

Ubwino umodzi wodziwikiratu wa makina osungira a DNA ndi oti imamasula asayansi kuthetsa mavuto ovuta popanda kuwononga nthawi kufunafuna mabotolo a reagents kapena kungowonjezera madontho amadzimadzi m'machubu oyesera.

"Kukhala ndi makina opangira ntchito zobwerezabwereza kumalola ogwira ntchito ku labu kuti ayang'ane mwachindunji pa kafukufuku, kupanga njira zatsopano zowonjezera mofulumira," anatero wofufuza wa Microsoft Bihlin Nguyen.

Gulu lochokera ku Laboratory of Molecular Information Systems Molecular Information Systems Lab (MISL) yawonetsa kale kuti imatha kusunga zithunzi za amphaka, zolemba zodabwitsa, видео ndikusunga zolemba za DNA ndikuchotsa mafayilowa popanda zolakwika. Mpaka pano, atha kusunga 1 gigabyte ya data mu DNA, kumenya mbiri yakale yapadziko lonse lapansi ya 200 MB.

Ochita kafukufuku apanganso njira zochitira perekani mawerengedwe omvekamonga kupeza ndi kupeza zithunzi zokha zomwe zili ndi apulo kapena njinga yobiriwira pogwiritsa ntchito mamolekyu okha, popanda kusintha mafayilo kubwerera kumtundu wa digito.

“Sitinganene kuti tikuwona kubadwa kwa mtundu watsopano wa makompyuta, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mamolekyu kusunga deta ndi zamagetsi kuti aziwongolera ndi kuzikonza. Kuphatikiza uku kumatsegula mwayi wosangalatsa wamtsogolo, "atero pulofesa wa Allen School ku yunivesite ya Washington. Louis Sese.

Mosiyana ndi makina apakompyuta opangidwa ndi silicon, makina osungira ndi makompyuta a DNA ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuti asunthire mamolekyu. Koma zamadzimadzi ndizosiyana m'chilengedwe ndi ma elekitironi ndipo zimafunikira njira zatsopano zaukadaulo.

Gulu la University of Washington, mogwirizana ndi Microsoft, likupanganso dongosolo lokonzekera lomwe limayesa kuyesa kwa labotale pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ndi madzi kusuntha madontho pa gridi yamagetsi. A wathunthu mapulogalamu ndi hardware amatchedwa Puddle ndi PurpleDrop, imatha kusakaniza, kulekanitsa, kutentha kapena kuziziritsa zakumwa zosiyanasiyana ndikuchita ma labotale.

Cholinga chake ndikuyesa kuyesa kwa labotale komwe kumachitika pano pamanja kapena ndi maloboti onyamula madzi okwera mtengo ndikuchepetsa mtengo.

Masitepe otsatirawa a gulu la MISL akuphatikizapo kuphatikiza njira yosavuta, yomaliza mpaka kumapeto ndi matekinoloje monga Purple Drop, komanso matekinoloje ena omwe amathandiza kufufuza mamolekyu a DNA. Ofufuzawo adapanga dala makina awo kuti akhale osinthika kuti azitha kusinthika ngati matekinoloje atsopano a kaphatikizidwe ka DNA, kutsata ndikusintha.

"Chimodzi mwa ubwino wa dongosolo lino ndi chakuti ngati tikufuna kusintha mbali imodzi ndi chinthu chatsopano, chabwino kapena mofulumira, tikhoza kungolowetsa gawo latsopano," adatero Nguyen. "Izi zimatipatsa mwayi wosintha zamtsogolo."

Chithunzi chapamwamba: Ofufuza ochokera ku Microsoft ndi University of Washington adalemba ndikuwerengera mawu akuti "Moni", pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyamba yosungira deta ya DNA. Ichi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri pakusuntha teknoloji yatsopano kuchokera ku ma laboratories kupita ku malo opangira deta.

Source: www.habr.com