Ndizovuta kukhulupirira kuti mkulu wa Chipangano Chakale wochokera kudera lolemera la San Francisco ndi m'modzi mwa oyambitsa a RuNet.
Joel Schatz ndi wasayansi, wamasomphenya, woganiza bwino komanso wochita bizinesi; muunyamata wake ankakonda zoyesera ndi chidziwitso; chokumana nacho cha psychedelic chinamuthandiza kumva kugwirizana kwa zinthu zonse zamoyo.
Joel Schatz: hippie ndi IT entrepreneur.
"Ndinadabwa chifukwa chake dziko lapansi likuwoneka kuti lasokonekera popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kenako ndinazindikira kuti chinali cholinga changa kupanga zida zodziwikiratu kuti zitithandize tonse kugwirizanitsa zinthu zosiyanazi."
chandalama. Nkhaniyi ndi cholembedwa cha filimu yodabwitsa "Holivar" ndi Andrei Loshak. Pali anthu omwe amasunga nthawi ndikukonda mameseji, pali omwe sangathe kuwonera mavidiyo kuntchito kapena pamsewu, koma amawerenga mosangalala Habr, pali anthu omwe amamva movutikira, omwe nyimbo zawo sizimatha kapena zovuta kuzimvetsa. Taganiza zolembera zabwino zonse za iwo ndi inu. Kwa iwo omwe amakondabe kanema, ulalo uli kumapeto.
Pachimake cha Cold War, Schatz anapita ku USSR kukhazikitsa mauthenga. Joseph Goldin, wachinsinsi waku Soviet, wamasomphenya komanso wazamalonda, nayenso adakhala bwenzi lake komanso munthu wamalingaliro ofanana. Goldin nayenso anali wotanganidwa ndi lingaliro lolankhulana kudutsa malire, kukhala wotsogolera ma teleconference oyamba ndi America.
Teleconference Leningrad-Boston. 1986
“Ndikufuna kunena kuti m’zotsatsa zathu za pa TV zonse zimagwirizana ndi kugonana. Kodi muli ndi malonda otere a pa TV?
- "Koma timagonana ... sitigonana ndipo timatsutsana nazo."
Kulira kwa omvera: "Timagonana, tilibe malonda."
"Uku ndikulakwitsa"!
Goldin ankakhulupirira motengeka mphamvu za wailesi yakanema. Schatz akutenga njira yosiyana ndikuvomereza mgwirizano ndi Research Institute of Applied Automatic Systems. Chidule cha VNIIPAS, ndi bungwe lokhalo mu Union lomwe lili ndi njira yodzipereka kumadzulo.
Joel Schatz: hippie ndi IT entrepreneur.
"Ndinaganiza zolumikiza makompyuta pakati pa mayiko awiriwa, mkulu wa bungweli, Oleg Smirnov, adakonda lingalirolo. Koma kuti asapemphe chilolezo kwa mabungwe achitetezo, adachitcha kuti kuyesa. Chifukwa chake kulumikizana kwathu koyamba kwamakompyuta ochokera kumayiko awiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya X25 kunachitika mothandizidwa ndi kuyesa. ”
Pulogalamuyi ndiyoyamba kuyankhula za omwe adayambitsa intaneti, ma teleconferences apadziko lonse omwe adachitika ku VNIIPAS. Chifukwa cha mlembi wa nkhaniyi, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo Klyosov, mukhoza kuona momwe maukonde amaonekera pamaso pa kupangidwa kwa intaneti.
Dmitry Klyosov. Biochemist ndi mpainiya wa intaneti.
"Kuti ndilumikizane ndi kompyuta yakunja kuno, kompyuta yomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito ili ku Canada, ndimapereka lamulo lalifupi ndikulumikiza ku Canada. Ndizo zonse, kulumikizana kwachitika ndipo dongosolo likuwonetsa zomwe zimatchedwa menyu, kundiuza kuti ndalandira makalata asanu kuyambira ntchito yanga yomaliza. Awa ndi awiri oyamba ochokera ku Sweden, ndikutha kuwona nthawi yomweyo, wina wochokera ku USA, kenako Finland ndiyeno New Zealand. Kenako amandiuza misonkhano yomwe ndikugwira, ndi mauthenga atsopano ati. "
Chidutswa cha pulogalamu "Nthawi". 1990
Tsiku lina ku Moscow adasaina pangano la bizinesi yolumikizana ya Soviet-America mosiyana ndi ena onse.
Mwamwayi, bungwe latsopanoli limatchedwa Sovam Teleport.
Pano pali Oleg Smirnov, mkulu wa VNIIPAS.
"Zitha kutumiza mawu, tebulo, graph, kalata. Tinene ku San Francisco, New York kapena Canada. ”
Uyu ndi Joel Schatz, mkulu wa San Francisco-Moscow Teleport.
"Kupanga mgwirizano ndi anzathu aku America, mgwirizano wa Sovam Teleport, kudzalimbikitsa ntchito yomwe ikuchitika m'dziko lathu lino. Democratization, kuwonekera komanso kupeza othandizana nawo oyenera m'malo onse. "
Alexey Kolesnikov. Mtsogoleri waukadaulo wa Sovam-teleport mu 1990-1995.
- "Mgwirizanowu unkafuna kukhala paubwenzi ndi anthu aku America pamenepo?"
- "Sindikudziwa, sindinganene chiyani, iwo amafuna kukhala mabwenzi, mwina ankafuna kukhala mbali ya dziko lalikulu, lotukuka."
Sovam Teleport adakhala woyamba kupereka intaneti ku USSR. M'zaka zingapo, Schatz abwerera ku America.
Joel Schatz: hippie ndi IT entrepreneur.
"Sindinkafuna kuti ndipereke moyo wanga pakupanga bizinesi yamatelefoni ku Russia; ndinali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi njira yokhazikitsa ubale padziko lonse lapansi kuti ndipewe nkhondo yanyukiliya. Panthawiyo zinkawoneka kuti ubale wayamba kale, inali nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndipo tinaganiza zobwerera. "
Alexey Kolesnikov. Mtsogoleri waukadaulo wa Sovam-teleport mu 1990-1995.
"Iye nthawi zambiri anali wopusa, adathamangitsidwa m'gulu lankhondo la US, amakhala kunkhalango komweko ndi mtundu wa ma hippies, kuyesa asidi (LSD). Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60 ku San Francisco, ndinganene chiyani, zikuwonekeratu ... Zikuoneka kuti anali ndi masomphenya amtundu wina wa momwe dziko lapansili liyenera kukhalira, ndipo liyenera kukonzedwa m'njira yoti anthu azilankhulana. Tsopano ndikakumana naye ndi kukambirana, ndimamufunsa kuti, “Kodi mumakonda bwanji?” Izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense amalankhulana ndi aliyense, koma amadana kwambiri.” Akunena kuti ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu.”
Kuwonekera kwa intaneti kunkagwirizana ndi kugwa kwa Soviet system ndipo maloto a Schatz ndi Goldin anakwaniritsidwa, chinsalucho chinagwa, padziko lapansi komanso muzochitika zenizeni.
Alexey Kolesnikov. Mtsogoleri waukadaulo wa Sovam-teleport mu 1990-1995.
Chabwino, ndinali ndi zaka zingati panthawiyo, 25 kapena chinachake, ndinali wamng'ono panthawiyo, ndinakhala kumeneko ndi Polunin Slava, ndi ojambula, ndi oimba: mtundu wina wa Obermaneken, Cinema, Boris Grebenshchikov. Chabwino, ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe mukufuna? Kenako anali ndi chidwi ndi dziko lotseguka lomwe linali kuseri kwa Iron Curtain. Ndipo iwo anali mu ofesi, ndithudi, pamakonsati adapanga zisudzo zamisala. Iwo anatenga SS-20 rocket chonyamulira, mivi njira ballistic, anaika Polunin ndi ziwombankhanga pa izo ndi kupita naye ku Red Square.
Joel Schatz: hippie ndi IT entrepreneur.
“Tidalibe chilolezo chovomerezeka, koma apolisi apamsewu sanatiletse chifukwa Joseph adawatsimikizira kuti zomwe adagwirizana zidagwirizana pamwamba. Ndipo chimenecho chinali mfundo yonse. ”
Alexey Kolesnikov. Mtsogoleri waukadaulo wa Sovam-teleport mu 1990-1995.
"Tonse ndife achichepere komanso owonda pano, nayi nkhope yanga yokongola yokhala ndi ponytail, chabwino, munthu wapa intaneti, zili bwanji."
Sovam Teleport idasinthidwa kukhala Rossiya Online, kenako idagulitsidwa ku Golden Telecom, yomwe idatengedwa ndi Beeline ndi mbiri ya 4-plus biliyoni dollars. Mhippie wochita chidwi, Schatz adadzuka ngati munthu wolemera.
Joel Schatz: hippie ndi IT entrepreneur.
"Tinalemera ndipo zidatidabwitsa, chifukwa chomwe chidatifikitsa ku Soviet Union sichinali kufuna kupeza ndalama, koma kufuna kuchita zabwino, kubweretsa anthu a ku Russia ndi America kuti akhale oyandikana kwambiri kuti dziko likhale lotetezeka. ”
Zachidziwikire, mtundu wa RuNet sumangophatikiza ma hippies aku California. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Afghanistan, Soviet Union inapezeka kuti ili pansi pa chilango. Pansi pazimenezi, gulu la opanga mapulogalamu adakwanitsa ku Russia kuti atumize mwachinsinsi makina opangira a American Unix.
Ndipo pangani maukonde potengera izo. Ma Unixoids ambiri amagwira ntchito ku malo apakompyuta a Kurchatov Institute.
Alexey Soldatov. Mutu wa Computer Center wa IAE wotchulidwa pambuyo pake. I.V. Kurchatova mu 1985-1992, bambo wa Runet.
Iyi ndi netiweki yomwe idagwirizanitsa asayansi, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, maukonde ndi athyathyathya. Anthu amalankhulana pamlingo wofanana. Izi zisanachitike, ngati mukufuna kupeza zotsatira za bungwe lina kuchokera ku bungwe ili, ndiye kuti mukufunikira wosankha wanu kuti alankhule ndi wosankhayo, ndipo adzatumiza malangizo ... kwa izi, kusinthanitsa kwakukulu kunachitika. Zolemba, zotsatira zoyesera, ndi zina zotero. "
Mu chithunzi ichi, mapulogalamu Soviet amene analandira Council of Ministers Award kulenga DEMOS opaleshoni dongosolo (Dialogue Unified Mobile Operating System), Baibulo zoweta Unix, asayansi achinyamata anatha kusintha mapulogalamu apamwamba kuti m'mbuyo makompyuta Soviet. Boma silinalanga chifukwa cha zomwe adachita, koma adalimbikitsa.
Leonid Yegoshin. Bambo wa Runet.
Iwo anapatsidwa mphoto, mendulo, dipuloma ndi 480 rubles kwa aliyense. Anatipereka kwa ife ku Kremlin muholo yomwe ili pansi pa dome, yomwe imawonekera kuchokera ku Red Square, kuseri kwa Lenin Mausoleum. Kodi mumadziwa? Apo! Kenako tinatuluka ndikujambulidwa ndipo chinakhala chithunzi chodziwika bwino.
M'nyumba ya California ya Natalya Paremskaya, mkazi wamasiye wa pulogalamu ya Mikhail Paremsky, Maslenitsa akukondwerera. Anzake akale a Unixoid adasonkhana.
Natalya Paremskaya. Senior mapulogalamu.
“Zinali choncho. Paremsky adabweretsa matepi awa kuchokera ku Unix pamimba pake, ndipo kuchokera kwinakwake adawanyengerera. Iye anakokera izo kudzera pachipata, kudzera Kurchatov Institute, ndiyeno anthu anachita chidwi. Iyi sinali ntchito ya chipani, boma, panalibe chotere. Awa anali anthu achangu. Tonse tinali ochezeka kwambiri. Zonsezi zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri, mukudziwa, ngati gulu lina la KSP. Mukudziwa, zinali choncho kuchokera pansi pamtima.”
KSP ndi kalabu yanyimbo zamantha. Zofanana ndi kayendedwe ka okonda kuyenda kwa nyimbo za bard.
Soviet Union nthawi zonse imalimbikitsa sayansi kugwira ntchito zodzitetezera. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti malo asayansi okhudzana ndi sayansi ya nyukiliya anali oyamba kulumikizana ndi netiweki. IHEP (Institute of High Energy Physics) inali yogwirizana ndi CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) ndipo mbali ina ndi America.
Leonid Yegoshin. Bambo wa Runet.
"Chifukwa ma laboratories ambiri a IHEP adapanga zida zoyeserera limodzi, kulumikizana kunali kofunika kwambiri. Woyang'anirayo anali ndi mwayi wolumikizana panthawiyo kudzera pa foni yokha ya ku Moscow. Adayika modemu pamzerewu ndipo ndidapereka maimelo pogwiritsa ntchito Unix ndi kompyuta yaku Soviet. Zinali zopambana."
Mikhail Popov. Senior mapulogalamu.
“Pasanathe ola limodzi tinkatha kulankhula ndi anthu XNUMX ochokera padziko lonse kuti ayankhe. Izi zili ngati chinthu chomwe chinasinthiratu chilichonse. Palibe ulamuliro! Kumverera kwa zotheka zatsopano. "
Mu 1991, putsch inachitika, pomwe "Swan Lake" idawulutsidwa pa TV, opereka chithandizo adauza dziko lapansi zomwe zikuchitika mdzikolo. Ngakhale pamenepo zidawonekeratu kuti intaneti ikhoza kukhala njira ina yodziwitsira zidziwitso.
Alexey Soldatov. Mutu wa Computer Center wa IAE wotchulidwa pambuyo pake. I. V. Kurchatova mu 1985-1992, bambo wa Runet
Anakhazikitsa mfundo ku Kurchatov Institute, ndi yopuma ku Demos. Tinapatsana zambiri. Panali zambiri zamtunduwu: "Ndikukhala pansi apo, akasinja akubwera ku adilesi yakuti ndi yakuti." Zitatha izi, pempho la Yeltsin lidalengezedwa ndipo tidapereka nthawi yomweyo, monga ife, ndidayitana anzanga ndikuwachonderera kuti asapite kumalo otchinga, koma kuti akachite bizinesi yawo yayikulu, chifukwa izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. "
Kamodzi pa sabata, wolemba mapulogalamu Alexei Rudnev amayesa kuwuluka pamwamba pa San Francisco Bay kuti "achotse mutu wake," monga akunena. Unixoid wodziwika bwino, m'modzi mwa omwe adalandira Mphotho ya Bungwe la Atumiki, Rudnev adachoka ku Russia pafupifupi zaka 20 zapitazo, mofanana ndi ambiri omwe adajambula pa chithunzi chosaiŵalikachi.
Alexey Rudnev. Bambo wa Runet.
"Anthu oyamba omwe anali mamanejala anali MNF akale komanso akuluakulu a lab, owona mtima komanso osaphunzira kwambiri pabizinesi. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90, amalonda anali atafika kale, panali malonda ambiri, teknoloji yochepa, ndiye kuti, sizinakhale zosangalatsa, anthu anayamba kufunafuna ntchito zatsopano, tsopano chiwerengero chathu chili m'mayiko, chabwino, mwa lingaliro langa. , zinapezeka kwinakwake 60/40. Apa tapeza zochulukira, koma zonse zili ndi malire. ”
Atasonkhana pamodzi, abambo a Runet nthawi zambiri amakumbukira dziko lawo, kumene luso lawo silinali lofunika.
Leonid Yegoshin. Bambo wa Runet.
“Anali zaka za makumi asanu ndi anayi. Ndiye panali capitalism yakuthengo, oyambitsa anali kumbali. Zinapezeka kuti si vuto lalikulu, vuto ndi komwe ungapeze ndalama, kugula tchanelo, kunyengerera, kubwereka chipinda.
Alexey Rudnev. Bambo wa Runet.
"Ndiko kuti, pa gawo loyamba, otukula ndiwo anali otsogolera, pa gawo lachiwiri, amalonda adakhala akuluakulu, ndipo tsopano izi ndi zachilendo."
Leonid Yegoshin. Bambo wa Runet.
"Ndipo dongosolo lonse lidayamba kusunthira kwina, zidawonekeratu kuti akatswiri azamisiri sangafunikire kwa nthawi yayitali."
Alexey Rudnev. Bambo wa Runet.
“Chabwino, chimenechonso sichowonadi. Iwo sadzakhala olamulira. "
Ndipo ambiri adachoka.
Leonid Yegoshin. Bambo wa Runet.
"Inde, chifukwa changa chomwe tidachoka chinali ichi. Ndiko kuti, zinali zoonekeratu kuti sizidzafunika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kodi otukula akhala akuyamikiridwa nthawi zonse ku USA?
Leonid Yegoshin. Bambo wa Runet.
"Ndiwe chiyani, ndithudi."
Ambiri mwa ogwiritsa ntchito olankhula Chirasha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90 anali asayansi ndi ophunzira omaliza maphunziro a mayunivesite akumadzulo ndi malo ofufuza. Mulingo wa IQ mu RuNet unali woyenera.
Roman Leibov. Philologist ndi mpainiya wa Runet.
Chiyambi chomwe ndinachipeza - zinalidi choncho. Yakwana nthawi ya oyang'anira ma lab aku America. Mwachibadwa, iwo anali olankhula Chirasha kwa ine, koma nthawi yomweyo iwo anali ophatikizidwa mwamtheradi m'dongosolo la komweko. Ndinkaganiza kuti ngati mutabwera pa Intaneti, kodi simungamvetse bwanji Chingelezi?
Alexei Andreev. Wolemba ndi mpainiya wa Runet mu 1994 - 1996, wophunzira wophunzira ku West Virginia University.
Kumeneko, ndithudi, kunalinso ziyeneretso zina zaluntha. Ndiko kuti, anthu oyamba kufika kumeneko ndi amene anali m’mayunivesite. Kapena m'makampani ena a IT, ndiye kuti, panalibe kubwereza mwanjira ina. Anthu analidi achilendo ndi openga, koma sanali oletsedwa. Onse anali osangalatsa mwanjira ina.
Mu 1993, intaneti, World Wide Web, idawonekera, osatsegula adapangitsa intaneti kuti ipezeke osati kwa asayansi okha.
Maxim Moshkov. Mlengi wa Moshkov Library gwero.
"Chakumapeto kwa 1994, njira ina idabweretsedwa mu dipatimenti ya masamu. Kale wotere wokhazikika weniweni Internet. Ndipo timayamba kupanga www, monga "azungu" onse. Ife sitikudziwa chomwe icho chiri. Tikudziwa kuti tiyenera kujambula tsamba ndikulipanga mwanjira yapadera. Timapita ku seva ya Cern, pafupifupi seva yoyamba ya www padziko lapansi, pali tsamba loyamba la woyambitsa chinenero ichi http Cenrov, mukudziwa momwe zilili "Za ine", "Za ine". Timatsitsa ndipo imanena kuti-ndi-chakuti, wopanga mosaic (Mosaic ndiye msakatuli woyamba wokhala ndi mawonekedwe azithunzi), http, amagwira ntchito pamenepo, ndiye, "Ndili ndi zokonda zotere," "chithunzi changa ichi ndi ichi. “. Ogwira ntchito onse pamodzi amatenga tsamba ili, kutaya dzina lomaliza la dude, alembe okha, m'malo mwa chithunzicho ndi awo, ndipo tsopano aliyense ali ndi tsamba lake. M'malo mwake, pulogalamuyi ndi copy-paste, sitikudziwa kalikonse, koma titengera chilichonse, zidachitika choncho. ”
Dmitry Werner. Mlengi wa webusaiti anekdot.ru mu 1994-1998, pulofesa woyendera ku yunivesite ya Kentucky.
"Mu 1994, m'madera, ndinapeza malo, omwe amatchedwa zidzukulu za Dazhdbog, adzukulu a Dazhdbog, adapangidwa ndi Sergei Naumov, wophunzira womaliza maphunziro pa yunivesite ina ya ku America, ndipo panali malangizo a momwe angagwiritsire ntchito Russia. kompyuta, I Russified a Unix workstation, zinali zosangalatsa kwathunthu. Patapita zaka zinayi ndikukhala kunja, mwadzidzidzi ndinaona mawu a Chirasha pa kompyuta. Intaneti ya ku Russia inali yochepa kwambiri panthawiyo.”
German Klimenko. Wochita bizinesi pa intaneti.
"Timabisala mosamala momwe zidayambira, ndiye panali mawu akuti" Atsikana awiri pa ola limodzi, ndiye kuti, pomwe panali fido, panali ma modemu a 1200-bit, kotero mudakhala ndipo muli ndi zithunzi ziwiri za atsikana omwe ali ndi zonyansa. pa ola. Ndiko kuti, palibe chimene chingachitike - zinali choncho. Amanyamula pang'onopang'ono, ndichifukwa chake mawu oti "atsikana awiri pa ola" adagwiritsidwa ntchito, pepani.
Artemy Lebedev Studio amakondwerera zaka 23. Tsopano pali antchito pafupifupi 300 ndi ntchito zambiri zomwe zatsirizidwa. Pamene intaneti idawonekera, wopanga All Rus anali asanakwane makumi awiri. Anakhala ndi makolo ake ku USA ndipo anali ndi chidwi ndi zithunzi zamakompyuta.
Artemy Lebedev. Wopanga All Rus'.
"Ndidabwera kuno ndipo ndidakhala munthu woyamba kujambula mawebusayiti a ndalama za anthu ndi zina zotero. Pakati pa makasitomala anga oyambirira, mu 1996-1997, anali Hewlett-Packard, Banki Yaikulu ya Russia, ndinapanga webusaiti yoyamba ya State Duma. Ndiko kuti, ndinakhala kunyumba kukhitchini kwanga, anabwera ndikulamula, chifukwa panalibe wina wopitako. Ndinagwira ntchito kwa masiku ndi masiku ndikuchita ndekha zomwe anthu 5 anayamba kuchita tsiku limodzi; tsiku langa logwira ntchito linali maola 36. Ndinatseka makatani, ndinali ndi mabotolo aŵiri a malita aŵiri a kola ndi pitsa okhala ndi ndudu, ndipo ameneŵa anali mafuta okhawo amene ndinagwiritsira ntchito.”
Roman Leibov. Mpainiya wa RuNet.
“Taonani, tsopano tikumuwona Lotman. Pamene tikusuntha, tikupitiriza kuona Lotman. "
"Ndipo apa ndipamene Lotman akuyamba kusweka ndikusanduka Cthulhu kapena china chonga icho."
Ngakhale khalidwe la kugwirizana linapangitsa kuti athe kutsitsa atsikana a 2 pa ola limodzi, intaneti inali yokhudza malemba, osati zithunzi. Ndizophiphiritsira kuti apainiya angapo a Runet anali ophunzira a Lotman wamkulu ku yunivesite ya Tartu.
Roman Leibov. Mpainiya wa RuNet.
"Lotman adabwera ndi semiosphere, lingaliro la semiosphere ndikuti munthu wazunguliridwa ndi zizindikilo zomwe zimapanga. Internet itabwera, tidawona kuti semiosphere ndi chiyani. ”
Wophunzira wina wa Lotman, wotchedwa Dmitry Itskovich, lero ndi mwini wa malo otchuka akumwa mowa. Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 90s, maofesi olembera zolemba zoyamba zapaintaneti zokhala ndi mayina osavuta zhurnal.ru ndi polit.ru anali mnyumba yake ku Kalashny Lane; apa ndi pomwe intaneti yothandiza anthu ku Russia "inapangitsidwa".
Wotchedwa Dmitry Itskovich. Wamalonda ndi apainiya a Runet.
"Anatipatsa modemu ndipo tinali ndi pafupifupi ethernet yoyamba ku Moscow, mpaka mu" ubongo wa golide ". Kuchokera pawindo la nyumba yanga, mtengo wolunjika ku Academy of Sciences, kudzera pa intaneti unabwera kwa ife, ndipo m'chipinda changa munali makompyuta 5 okha ndipo wina anali kuchitapo kanthu nthawi zonse. Ndife oyamba kuchita misonkhano ya IRC ndi Prigov, ndi Auction, ndi Pelevin. "
Ndiye zinali zotheka kuitana Pelevin ndi kugwirizana naye pa chinachake?
“M’lingaliro lotani”?
Chabwino, iye samalankhulana ndi aliyense pakali pano.
"Chabwino, sitinachite zachabechabe. Izi zinali zinthu zosangalatsa komanso zotsogola. Anakhala chonchi, akubisala kuseri kwa chitseko pakona.”
Kotero kuti palibe amene angamuwone?
"Chabwino, inde, adachepetsa malo ake kwambiri ndipo tili naye kuseri kwa chitseko. Ndipo inali nyumba yaikulu yakale ya anthu wamba. Inali isanamangidwenso, inali yaikulu, yowopsya kotheratu, mphemvu zinkakhala mmenemo, kunalibe zotenthetsera, panali mazenera omwe ankayang’ana pansanja za Kremlin, chifukwa zinali zosanja zapamwamba.”
Alexei Andreev. Wolemba ndi mpainiya wa Runet mu 1994 - 1996, wophunzira wophunzira ku West Virginia University.
"Pali zipinda zambiri ndi makonde ndipo mumapita kukakumana ndi Nosik m'chipinda chimodzi, ndi Tyoma Lebedev m'chipinda china. Chabwino, mwanjira ina ndinabwera kuno kamodzi ndipo ndinakumana ndi aliyense nthawi imodzi. Ndipo ankalowa ndi kutuluka, ndipo nthawi imeneyo wina ankalemba nkhani. Andrei Levkin anakhala pansi ndikupanga Polit.ru, mwachitsanzo, tsamba loyamba lazandale.
“Koma anakhala pakona. Kuno anthu amasewera rock and roll ... Izi ndi zomwe Internet yoyamba ya ku Russia inali. Chinachake chonga ichi".
Wotchedwa Dmitry Itskovich. Wamalonda ndi apainiya a Runet.
"Tili ndi zofalitsa zoyamba za Nosik, Linor Goralik, Zhenya Gorny, mkonzi wamkulu - si ng'ombe, ndi zina zotero... Zonsezi zinali zamphamvu, zomveka ndipo kenako zosangalatsa, kumwa, kusangalala. anthu.”
"Kumeneko ankakhala "Mine Surveyors", "AuktsYons", yemweyo Zhenya Fedorov, "Tequilla Jazz", kuchokera kumeneko adachoka ndikubwera ku zoimbaimba. Eya, moyo wachilendo wotero wa bohemian, anthu osakwana 12 sanakhale pansi pa chakudya chamadzulo.”
Kodi mudakhalapo muzonsezi mosalekeza kapena munali osiyana...
“Ayi, ndinkakhala kumeneko. Kenako ndinatopa n’kupita nayo kumakalabu.”
Itskovich, pamodzi ndi anzake, anatsegula "OGI Project" - kukhazikitsidwa koyamba mu Moscow, kumene inu mukhoza kugula mowa ndi mabuku. Anasiya kuchita chidwi ndi intaneti, nthawi yamavuto achikondi idatha, ndipo kupanga ndalama popanda intaneti kunali kosavuta komanso kosangalatsa. Panthawi ina, panali zolemba zambiri pa RuNet kotero kuti mpikisano wa mabuku pa intaneti udakhala wapamwamba. Mpikisano wotchuka kwambiri, "Teneta," nthawi yomweyo unayamba ndi mbama pamaso pa anthu kukoma.
Leonid Delitsyn. Wopanga mapulogalamu ndi mpainiya wa Runet.
"Mwina mu 1997, Kirill Vorobyov anawonekera kumeneko, yemwe analemba pansi pa dzina loti Bayan Shiryanov ndipo anabweretsa buku lakuti "Low Pilotage," lomwe linadabwitsa aliyense, koma sizinali zomwe okonza amayembekezera. Linali buku la anthu okonda mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ndipo kumeneko tinapanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito kumeneko, ndipo panali masomphenya ndi miyoyo ya anthu awa, zochitika zoopsa ndi zoopsa zomwe zingathe kupikisana ndi Sorokin, ndi zina zotero. "
"Chochititsa manyazi chinali chakuti Anton Nosik adabweretsa Shiryanov ndi ena mwa omwe adasankha ndipo oweruza adanena kuti izi ziyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo ena adanena kuti" chabwino, tingachichotse bwanji, tinagwirizana kuti titenge zonse ndipo tili ndi mpikisano wokwanira. , demokalase monga- ikanachitira". Ndipo pomalizira pake adawonetsa Strugatsky, Strugatsky adanena kuti izi ndi mabuku, adanena mosamala kuti ndizofanana ndi "Moyo wa alendo," izi ndi mabuku. Ndipo zinaganiziridwa kuti "inde, chabwino, msiyeni apite."
Shiryanov buku lochititsa manyazi linapambana mpikisano, chaka chamawa wolemba yekha adzapereka opambana mphoto yapadera - mulu wa nyuzipepala zolaula "More". Wachiwiri kwa mtsogoleri wa pulezidenti, Sergei Kiriyenko, adzabwera ku mwambowu ndipo panthawi ina adzakhala pa siteji yomweyo ndi Shiryanov, ndiye izi zinali zotheka.
Ndiye panali galimoto yoteroyo kuti aswe chinachake, iwo amabanki mokwanira, chabwino, kodi achinyamata ayenera kuchita chiyani? Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chachibadwa. Osachepera inu kuyesa dongosolo mphamvu.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, gulu la pro-Putn "Kuyenda Pamodzi" linayambitsa chizunzo chenicheni cha olemba Sorokin ndi Shiryanov: "Chabwino, n'zosatheka ngakhale kutenga bukuli, chifukwa ndi scum." "Low Aerobatics" idachotsedwa pakugulitsa, ndipo mlandu wapagulu unatsegulidwa Shiryanov. Bayan Shiryanov, mu dziko Kirill Vorobyov, anabwereza tsogolo la ngwazi zake. Zaka zingapo zapitazo adamwalira ndi matenda a chiwindi muumphawi komanso kuiwalika.
"Atsikana, tsukani m'mimba mwanga ndi chiwindi, ndidzakhalanso munthu wabwino, ndidzakhalanso munthu wabwino, ndili ndi thanzi labwino komanso mzimu."
Imodzi mwa nthambi zobala zipatso za RuNet imatsogolera ku Yerusalemu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za makumi asanu ndi anayi, gulu la abwenzi obwerera kwawo linapangidwa kuno.
Arsen Revazov. Mtsogoleri wa bungwe lotsatsa la IMHO.
"Kwa nthabwala ina ya theka, tangoganiza zopita kukaimba pa Beneuda Street, msewu wapakati wa Yerusalemu, "Arbat", oyenda pansi, nyimbo ndikuwona ngati amatipatsa ndalama. Anatiponyera masekeli oseketsa, wina anaponya thumba la tchipisi, china chake. Chabwino, mwanjira ina zonse zidakhala zosangalatsa. ”
Nthawi yomweyo atatu kuchokera ku kampaniyi adzakhala ofunikira mu Runet. Revazov ndi Nosik anaphunzira pamodzi ku Moscow, mu sukulu yachitatu ya udokotala. Kale ku Israel tinakumana ndi munthu wina wobwerera kwawo, Demyan Kudryavtsev.
Arsen Revazov. Mtsogoleri wa bungwe lotsatsa la IMHO.
“Palibe amene anali ndi ndalama, koma amene anali ndi ndalama zogawira aliyense, ankadyetsa aliyense. Tinalemba malemba, kuimba nyimbo, kupita ku zikondwerero za zolembalemba ndi makalabu. Chabwino, ndiye kuti, inali phwando chabe. Tinayamba kukondana. Ife tinali likulu laluntha la Yerusalemu. Ndiye zonse mu Moscow sizinali zabwino kwambiri, zonse zinali zachisoni, koma kumeneko, m'malo mwake, kunali kofunda komanso kwansangala.
Emelyan Zakharov anaphunzira mu sukulu yachitatu ya zachipatala pamodzi ndi Revazov ndi Nosik, ndipo sanachoke ku Moscow, akugwera molunjika mumkuntho wa zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi.
Emelyan Zakharov. Woyambitsa Cityline.
"Ndinali ndi bwenzi lapamtima, bwenzi lapamtima Ilya Medkov, anaphedwa. Panthaŵiyo anali wamalonda wamkulu kwambiri, mwinamwake, amene akanakhala mmodzi wa oligarchs aakulu, koma tsoka, sanakhale ndi moyo wautali, anaphedwa.”
Ilya Medkov, mmodzi mwa anthu oyambirira mabiliyoni ambiri ku Russia, anaphedwa mu 1993 ali ndi zaka 26.
"Ndinkachita bizinezi yosiyana kwambiri ndipo ndinali ndi vuto lamalingaliro, ndidazindikira kuti sindingathe kumangoyendayenda mumzinda momwe timakhalira limodzi, sindingathe, ndipo ndidapita. France, komwe ndidakhala woyamba komanso womaliza m'moyo wanga. "
Atachira pakumwa mowa, Zakharov anabwerera ku Russia ndi lingaliro la kupanga wopereka intaneti ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo. Anayitana Nosik ndi Revazov, kenako Kudryavtsev ndi Lebedev, ndipo CITYLINE yodziwika bwino idawonekera.
Yegor Shuppe, bwenzi la Zakharov, wazamalonda ndi mpongozi wa Boris Berezovsky, anakhala mtsogoleri wamkulu.
Egor Shuppe. Purezidenti wa Cityline mu 1996-2001.
"Borya adaganiza zokumana nafe. Iye anati, “Ine tsopano ndisonkhanitsa anthu anga, ndipo iwe ubwere kumeneko ndipo tidzakambirana.” Izi zisanachitike, tinakumana mmodzimmodzi, kuti tingofotokoza za intaneti. Iye anati, “Chifukwa chiyani zonsezi, ngati inu muchita izi, chirichonse chidzakonzedwa,” chinachake chonga icho. Ndipo panali upangiri wa ndalama. Kuchokera kumbali ya Bory, pafupi ndi ine panali Roma Abramovich, Evgeniy Shvindler, Alexander Voloshin. Tinagwirizana pa ngongole yamalonda, zonse zinali zachilungamo. Zinali zowopsa chifukwa zinali zosatheka kupeza ndalama kuchokera kwa Bori. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chake, ndimayenera kupeza ndalama pamalo amodzi, Emelin adazipeza kumalo ena. Pa ndalama zolonjezedwazi X, tidalandira 30% yokha.
Artemy Lebedev. Wopanga All Rus'.
"Ndalama ndi intaneti - sizinayende limodzi konse. Zinali ngati ndili m’gulu la alakatuli m’zaka za m’ma 50, anthu akukambirana za ndalama. Izi sizingatheke, chifukwa munthu woteroyo adathamangitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ngati wabizinesi woyipa, huckster ndi wopeka. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti ndinayamba kuthyola dzenje, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zomwe zilimo zinali zaulere kwa owerenga, panalibe zolembetsa, koma olemba awa anali kulandira kale malipiro ndipo kunali kusintha. Ndipo kwenikweni Nosik anakhala mmodzi wa olemba oyambirira. Ndidapeza dzina loti "Evening Internet" ndipo adayendetsa gawoli latsiku ndi tsiku, lomwe linali lodziwika kwambiri.
Arsen Revazov. Mtsogoleri wa bungwe lotsatsa la IMHO.
"Anayambitsa mtengo wa madola 36.60, ndiye kuti mitengo inali madola, inali yotsika mtengo, inali yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo muli ndi mwayi wopanda malire. Kenako, popeza zinali zodziwikiratu kuti palibe amene angafune intaneti pokhapokha ngati palibe, adabweretsa Anton Nosik kuti apange zomwe zili. ”
Nosik anali kukhala ku Yerusalemu panthaŵiyo, monga momwe mlaliki wina wamtsogolo angayenerere, koma posakhalitsa iye ndi anzake anabwerera ku Moscow.
Anton Nosik. Mtumwi wamkulu wa RuNet.
“Ndinabwerako chifukwa intaneti idayambira kuno, zomwe ndakhala ndikuchita kumeneko kwa zaka 2, ndipo anzanga adayambitsa intaneti pano. Ndinakhala ku Yerusalemu ndikugwira ntchito kwa anzanga ku Moscow, chifukwa zomwe zingapezeke mu Israeli yaying'ono mu 1996 pa intaneti sizingafanane ndi ziyembekezo ndi zoneneratu ku Russia. Intaneti ya chinenero cha Chirasha ili mkati mwa anthu 200 miliyoni ...
Katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wochokera ku St. Petersburg, Dmitry Werner, anali ndi ntchito yabwino ku Kentucky kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma nineties. Anali ndi zokonda zokongola, kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza nthabwala pa intaneti. anekdot.ru idakhala tsamba loyamba losinthidwa tsiku lililonse pa RuNet, ndipo posakhalitsa linali loyamba.
Dmitry Werner. Mlengi wa webusaiti anekdot.ru mu 1994-1998, pulofesa woyendera ku yunivesite ya Kentucky.
“Panalibe zotsatsa. Koma anthu adanena kuti pali webusaiti yabwino, ndipo kumapeto kwa 1996 kunalibe 100, koma kale anthu 1000 patsiku. Pa nthawiyo izi zinali zambiri. Mu 1997, Rambler TOP 100, mwana wapaintaneti, adawonekera, ndidakhazikitsa kauntala ndipo zidapezeka kuti ndidakhala pamalo oyamba pakati pamasamba onse. Mwa njira, awa ndi mawu a Delitsina, m'malingaliro anga, kuti nthabwala ndizogonana zaku Russia, atsogoleri a aliyense ndi malo olaula, koma athu ndi malo okhala ndi nthabwala. "
Pang'onopang'ono, nthabwala zinayamba kusokoneza sayansi, kunali koyenera kusankha, ndipo oyang'anira akuluakulu a Cityline adadzipereka kuti alowe nawo kuti alandire malipiro abwino, kuwapatsa dzina lachidziwitso, ndipo Werner anasankha nthabwala.
“Panthaŵiyo sindinkamvetsa kwenikweni kufunika kwa dzina lachigawo, ndinaganiza kuti ndinasamuka kamodzi, ndinasamukanso kachiwiri, ndipo ngati china chilichonse chikachitika ndikanasamukanso, chifukwa sindinawagulitse ntchitoyo. Ndinapita kukagwira ntchito pa malipiro a mkonzi, sindinangokhumudwa, ndinadabwa pamene adagulitsa ntchito yonse kwa ine popanda kundiuza kalikonse, pamene ndinatsegula zolemba zina pa intaneti ndipo zinalembedwa kuti Cityline yagulitsa anekdot.ru. Ndithudi, uwu unali maganizo, pulofesa wa ku America, osati wa dziko lino. Ndipo izi ndi zoona ndithu, kunalibe luso lazamalonda.”
Zaka 5 zapitazo, Werner adakwaniritsa maloto ake, adalowa m'ngongole ndikugula tsamba lake ku RBC. Ambiri anayenera kuperekedwa nsembe chifukwa cha nthano kuti asiye mwana wokondedwa m'manja olakwika.
Dmitry Werner. Mlengi wa webusaiti anekdot.ru mu 1994-1998, pulofesa woyendera ku yunivesite ya Kentucky.
“Ine ndi mkazi wanga tinkagwira ntchito limodzi, nayenso ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo, ndipo ndithudi ankafuna kuti inenso ndiphunzire zakuthambo, ndipo ndinaloŵerera kwambiri pa Intaneti ya ku Russia. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anakhalabe ku America, ndipo ine ndinabwerera ku Russia.”
Pamene Cityline ikukula, idakumana ndi zovuta zatsopano. Kupanda mizere yaulere ndi owononga. Vuto la mzere silinathe kuthetsedwa; obera adathana nawo.
Emelyan Zakharov. Woyambitsa Cityline.
"Obera, anyamata ena anali kusangalala ndi ma seva owonongeka. Tidapanga zida za DDOS, ma seva adagwa, ogwiritsa ntchito sanalandire ntchito yoyenera, adatilumbirira. Sizinadziwike momwe ndingathanirane ndi izi, kotero ndidachita zotsatirazi. Kulowa kulikonse mu netiweki kumachitika kuchokera ku adilesi ina. Kawirikawiri, zinali zotheka kumvetsetsa kuti, chiyani, bwanji. Ambiri, iwo anandiuza adiresi, ine ndinafika pa adiresi iyi ndi mpira mleme, kwenikweni anathyola miyendo munthu uyu ndi kusiya, pambuyo pake palibe owononga mmodzi anaukira maseva Cityline, chifukwa ankadziwa kuti olamulira dongosolo sangagwire ntchito poyankha. , koma zikanangofika komanso zonse ”...
Mu XNUMX, Boris Berezovsky anakangana ndi pulezidenti watsopano Putin ndipo anakakamizika kusamuka. Shuppe ndi banja lake adachoka pambuyo pake.
Egor Shuppe. Purezidenti wa Cityline mu 1996-2001.
“Tonse tinachoka, nyumba yanga idalandidwa, mabizinesi angapo adalandidwa kwa ine. Ndithudi, ndikunong’oneza bondo kuti sitinathe kumaliza ntchitoyo ndipo ndinachoka.”
Tsopano Yegor Shuppe amakhala m'nyumba yake m'dera lapamwamba la London, koma amakumbukira nthawi ya Cityline ndi chikhumbo.
Egor Shuppe. Purezidenti wa Cityline mu 1996-2001.
"Tikumanga maziko, sitiri tokha, ndife otenga nawo gawo pa intaneti yaku Russia yamtsogolo. Tinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malingalirowa, ndipo panali malo ambiri opangira zidziwitso kumeneko, mpaka, mwatsoka, zonse zinayamba kusinthidwa kukhala ndale. Mwina iyi ndi kampani yabwino kwambiri yomwe ndidakhalapo nayo m'moyo wanga. Osati ponena za kupambana kwachuma kapena china chirichonse, koma mu lingaliro la mzimu. Tili ngati oyambira. Iwo nthawizonse anali olimba mtima. Panali wogwira ntchito ku banki, ndipo tsopano wakhala wotumiza makalata. Koma tinali ma positi olemekezeka.”
Mu 2000, Zakharov ndi Schuppe adagulitsa bwino Cityline kwa $30 miliyoni. Schuppe angayike ndalama zoyambira pa intaneti ndikukhala capitalist yopambana. Ku Russia, mlanduwu udzatsegulidwa kwa iye pamilandu yokonzekera kupha.
Emelyan Zakharov adzakwaniritsa maloto ake ndikutsegula malo owonetsera zaluso zamakono.
Demyan Kudryavtsev adzakhala pafupi ndi Boris Berezovsky ndipo adzakhala dzanja lake lamanja kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kampani ya Revazov IMHO idzakhala mtsogoleri pakutsatsa pa intaneti ku Russia.
Anton Nosik potsiriza adzadziwonetsera yekha ngati mtumwi wamkulu wa Runet.
Zikomo chifukwa chokhala nafe. Kodi mumakonda zolemba zathu? Mukufuna kuwona zambiri zosangalatsa? Tithandizeni potipatsa oda kapena kulimbikitsa anzathu, 30% kuchotsera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a Habr pa analogi yapadera yamaseva olowera, omwe tinapangira inu: (ikupezeka ndi RAID1 ndi RAID10, mpaka 24 cores mpaka 40GB DDR4).
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