M'nkhani zotsatizanazi, tikufuna kuyang'ana mafunso omwe anthu amakhala nawo akamagwira ntchito ndi operekera alendo komanso ma seva odzipatulira makamaka. Tidachita zokambirana zambiri pamabwalo achilankhulo cha Chingerezi, kuyesera choyamba kuthandiza ogwiritsa ntchito ndi malangizo, m'malo modzikweza, kupereka yankho latsatanetsatane komanso lopanda tsankho, chifukwa tili ndi zaka zopitilira 14 m'munda, mazana a anthu. njira zothetsera bwino komanso zikwizikwi zamakasitomala okhutitsidwa. Komabe, mayankho athu sayenera kuonedwa ngati mayankho olondola oyambira koyamba, mwina ali ndi zolakwika komanso zolakwika; palibe amene ali wangwiro. Tidzayamika ngati muwonjezera kapena kuwongolera mu ndemanga.
Chifukwa chiyani mtengo wa seva wokhala ndi malire a 100 TB ndi njira ya 1 Gbit / s ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa seva yokhala ndi 1 Gbit / s njira popanda magalimoto? Kupatula apo, ngati mubwereka ma seva a 2-3 okhala ndi njira ya 1 Gbps ndi malire a 100 TB, mutha kudya ndendende zomwe zingadyedwe ndi seva yokhala ndi 1 Gbps Unmetered, kapenanso njira yochulukira, pomwe wopereka kwenikweni imapereka zida zambiri, zolumikizira zambiri komanso mtengo wotsika?
Chowonadi ndi chakuti opereka chithandizo, popereka ma seva okhala ndi malire ochulukirapo a magalimoto kapena ngakhale "zopanda malire" pandalama zochepa, amaganizira kuchuluka kwamakasitomala awo. Zinapezeka kuti makasitomala ambiri omwe amagula njira zotere sagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira kulumikizana komwe amaperekedwa. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupanga zopereka zotere.
100 TB yamagalimoto ndi malire ambiri. Izi ndizoposa 100 Mbps Zosawerengeka. Kupatula apo, kukhala ndi njira ya 100 Mbit / s popanda kuwerengera, mutha kupopera mpaka 100 (liwiro mu megabits) * 86400 (chiwerengero cha masekondi pa tsiku) * 30 (masiku) / 8 (bits mu mabayiti) / 1000 (megabytes mu gigabytes, ngati tiwerengera ndi 1000, osati 1024, 1024 ndi pang'ono mu kibibit) = 32 GB pamwezi mbali iliyonse ndi katundu wokhazikika wa 400%. Komabe, monga tikudziwira, ma seva sagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto nthawi zonse ndipo nthawi zambiri ma curve a tsiku ndi tsiku amatha kuwoneka motere:
Kwa ena, nsonga zitha kufika pachimake ndipo zimafunikira 1 Gbit/s moona mtima panthawiyi. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamwezi kumatha kupitilira:
Makasitomala oterowo sakhala opindulitsa kwambiri kwa omwe amapereka, chifukwa chake woperekayo akufuna kuwasamutsira ku Unmetered, chifukwa ngati apereka chithandizo kwa makasitomala ochokera kudera lomwelo, ndizotheka kuti nsonga zazakudya zizigwirizana ndipo gigabit iyi "yowona mtima". wopereka azitha kugulitsa kasitomala 1,2 okha. Ngati woperekayo ali ndi makasitomala ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti njirayo ikhoza kugulitsidwa kwa olembetsa awiri kapena kuposerapo nthawi imodzi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa omvera kudzachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. M'malo mwake, si kasitomala aliyense amene amadya malire awo a 100 TB, kotero kupereka ma seva okhala ndi malire a 100 TB ndikopindulitsa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, polumikiza mayendedwe a gigabit 10 ku ma rack, ndizotheka kugawa bwino kwambiri magalimoto pakati pa aliyense. Timatha kugawa njira ya 10 Gbps mu avareji ya ma racks 5 odzazidwa ndi maseva okhala ndi malire a 100 TB. Izi ndi pafupifupi ma seva 150. Popeza rack imodzi yokhala ndi kutalika kwa mayunitsi 47 imatha kukhala ndi ma seva 41 amodzi kapena ma seva 21 amitundu iwiri.
Zotsatira zake, njira yonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi iyi:
Ngati mukukana ntchito kwa olembetsa omwe amatulutsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto (chothandizira chachikulu pamayendedwe amakanema chimapangidwa ndi ma seva ochepera 10 mwa 150 omwe alipo padokoli), ndiye kuti mutha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma seva mpaka 300 kapena kupitilira apo. Ndipo aliyense adzakhala wokondwa ndipo aliyense adzakhala ndi magalimoto okwanira.
Komabe, pali njira zina zopulumutsira ndalama osati kukhumudwitsa olembetsa - gwirizanitsani mtengo wokwera mtengo kapena kutumiza magalimoto kumalo osinthanitsa kapena kuyang'ana kwaulere ngati ndinu jenereta yaikulu yamagalimoto.
Izi ndi zomwe zimatilola kupereka mitengo yotsika, osakana olembetsa ntchito, kulipira opereka maulendo 1500-6000 euro pa 10G iliyonse, malingana ndi momwe woperekera maulendo aliri wabwino, ndikugulitsa kugwirizanitsa pamtengo wotsika ndi chiΕ΅erengero china choyang'anira, pamene aliyense wolembetsa ali ndi wake adalamula njira yowona mtima, popanda kusokonezana.
Nthawi yomweyo zimadziwikiratu chifukwa chake mtengo wa 1Gbps Unmetered ndi wapamwamba kwambiri, popeza ngati ndi ma seva 100 a terabyte, sikuti aliyense amadya malire awo, ndiye kuti kasitomala yemwe amayitanitsa 1Gbps Unmetered adzadya momveka bwino njira zambiri. Ngakhale tawona zosiyana pamwambapa ndi chitsanzo cha momwe munthu angapangire pafupifupi 1 Gbps ya kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pachimake ndikukhalabe mkati mwa malire a 100 terabyte, izi ndizosiyana komanso sizomwe zimachitika.
Woyang'anira wanga adayika pulogalamu ya vnstatd pa seva, magalimoto amachotsedwa pamawonekedwe, amatengedwa mphindi 5 zilizonse. Kodi amaganizira zonse? Chifukwa chake zikuwonetsa kuti 87 TB yagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe woperekayo akuti 96 TB yagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo magalimoto atsala pang'ono kutha. Ndili ndi chidaliro mu woyang'anira dongosolo langa, ndi katswiri wabwino kwambiri. Ndipo ngati akunena kuti woperekayo akukweza mtengo, ndizowona. Komanso, izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yakuti iwo anayamba kusewera ndi makhalidwe ndi mphamvu ndi chachikulu, kupereka pokambirana mfundo zosiyanasiyana za magalimoto kwa nthawi yomweyo. Ku funso lakuti "zili bwanji?" tikuyembekezerabe yankho.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mapulogalamu ena owerengera ndalama zamagalimoto amasunga zolemba ku TiB, osati TB. Tebibytes, osati ma terabytes. Ndiko kuti, kuwerengera ndalama kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe ka binary, osati nambala imodzi, chifukwa pali ma byte 1024 mu kilobyte, kapena ndendende mu kibibyte, osati 1000.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pofuna kupewa kusiyana kumeneku kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito pazamalonda, bungwe la ISO (International Standardization Organisation) lakhala likuyambitsa chiyambi cha "bi" cha binary byte, ndiko kuti, kibibytes, mebibytes, gibibytes, tebibytes. Koma kutsatsa kunkachitikabe, ndipo ngati opanga magalimoto, pogwiritsa ntchito ma byte a decimal, amatha kuwonetsa ma voliyumu ang'onoang'ono agalimoto, ndiye poyesa ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, ndiye kuti ndizosiyana. Wopereka alendo, pomwe akupereka 100 TB yamagalimoto, akupereka zochepa kuposa momwe zingakhalire zikawerengedwa m'mawu a binary.
Zingawonekere kuti kusiyana kuli kochepa, 24 mabayiti okha pa 1000, cholakwika chochokera ku izi ndi 2,4% yokha, koma chifukwa chiyani pali kusiyana kwakukulu, pamlingo wa 10%? Mwinamwake iwo sanaganizirepo za magalimoto ena?
Mfundo ndi yakuti tisaiwale kuti "cholakwika" chikuwonjezeka, ndicho:
1024 byte mu kibibyte (ngati tilankhula motsatira miyezo ya ISO), mu mebibyte muli kale 1024 * 1024 = 1 bytes, mu gibibyte - 048 * 576 * 1024 = 1024, 1024 * 1, 073, 741, 824, 1024, 1024, 1024, 1024, 1, 099, 511, 627, 776, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX na XNUMX. XNUMX * XNUMX = XNUMX.
Kutembenuka kosayembekezereka? Inde?
Mukayesa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto mu terabytes, kusiyana pakati pa mayunitsi owerengera ndi 10% ndendende!
Komanso, kusiyana kwa deta yotengedwa kuchokera ku doko losinthira ndi kuchokera ku seva ya seva kungayambitsidwe ndi kuukira kwa DDOS, komwe sikufika kwa kasitomala ndipo kumatha kuchotsedwa pamlingo wa "router", pamene kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magalimoto kumachitikabe.
Sitiyeneranso kuiwala kuti nthawi zina pulogalamuyo sichiganizira za kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamadoko onse, ndipo magalimoto ena amatha "kulephera" kuyang'anira.
Zimatsatiranso kuti pamene magalimoto ochepa amaperekedwa, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe akubwera + omwe akutuluka nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa, ndipo ngati muli ndi, tinene, ntchito ya VPN, chiΕ΅erengerocho chidzakhala 1 mpaka 1 ndipo makasitomala anu adzatha kupopera chiwerengero chonse. osapitilira 50 TB yamagalimoto okhala ndi malire a 100.
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Source: www.habr.com