Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndinapatsidwa ntchito yokonza makwerero a sitima yapamadzi. Chotengera chachikulu chilichonse chimakhala ndi ziwiri: imodzi kumbali ya starboard ndi ina kumbali ya doko.
Masitepe a makwerero ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a semicircular kuti athe kutengera makona osiyanasiyana. Ukonde amapachika kuti anthu ndi zinthu zisagwere pabowo kapena māmadzi.
Mfundo ntchito makwerero akhoza kukhala chosavuta motere. Pamene chingwecho chikuphwanyidwa pa ng'oma ya winch 5, ndege ya makwerero 1 imakokedwa ku gawo la console la mtengo wa makwerero 4. Ndegeyo ikangokhalira kumenyana ndi kutonthoza, imayamba kuyendayenda mozungulira nsonga yake, kuyendetsa shaft 6 ndi nsanja yothamanga 3. Chotsatira chake, ndege ya makwerero imagwera pamphepete mwake, pa malo ake, mwachitsanzo. Ikafika pamalo oyimirira omaliza, kusintha kwa malire kumatsegulidwa, kuyimitsa winch.
Ntchito iliyonse yamtunduwu imayamba ndikuwunikanso zaukadaulo, zolemba zamalamulo, ndi zofanana zomwe zilipo. Tidzadumpha gawo loyamba, chifukwa zofotokozera zili ndi zofunikira zokha za kutalika kwa makwerero, kutentha kwa ntchito, kukwanira, ndi kutsata miyezo ingapo yamakampani.
Ponena za miyezo, imayikidwa mu chikalata chimodzi chamagulu ambiri, "Malamulo a Kugawa ndi Kumanga Zombo Zoyenda Panyanja." Kutsatira malamulowa kumayang'aniridwa ndi Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, kapena RMR mwachidule. Nditaphunzira buku la ma voliyumu ambiri limeneli, ndinalembapo mfundo zokhudza makwerero okwera ndi mawilo. Nazi zina mwa izo:
Malamulo okweza zida za zombo zoyenda panyanja
1.5.5.1 Ng'oma za Winch ziyenera kukhala zautali kotero kuti, ngati n'kotheka, chingwe chokhazikika cha chingwe chimatsimikiziridwa.
1.5.5.7 Ndibwino kuti ng'oma zonse zomwe zili kunja kwa mzere wa woyendetsa pa nthawi yogwira ntchito zikhale ndi zipangizo zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti chingwecho chili bwino pa ng'oma.
1.5.6.6 Malo a zingwe zomangira zingwe, midadada ndi malekezero a zingwe zomangika kuzinthu zachitsulo ziyenera kuletsa zingwe kuti zisagwe pa ng'oma ndi zotchingira za midadadayo, komanso kusaphatikiza kugundana kwawo wina ndi mnzake kapena motsutsana ndi kapangidwe kachitsulo.
9.3.4 Kwa ma bearings omveka bwino, ma block pulleys ayenera kukhala ndi tchire lopangidwa ndi zinthu zoletsa kusokoneza (mwachitsanzo, mkuwa).
Pa gawo lachitatu lokonzekera kupanga mapangidwe, pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti yamphamvuyonse, ndinapanga chikwatu cha zithunzi za zigawenga. Kuphunzira zithunzizi kunali kukwezera tsitsi. Ndidapeza zotsatsa zambiri zamagangways pamasamba ngati Alibaba. Nachi chitsanzo:
- Mumafunjishi, yuma yinakumwekesha nawu yuma yatama
- Palibe chitetezero ku chingwe kugwa kuchokera mumsewu wa block pamene palibe zolimba.
- Pulatifomu imapangidwa ndi pepala lolimba. Ngati madzi oundana apangidwa, ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito grating (ngakhale sizomasuka ngati mutavala zidendene).
Tiyeni tiwone chithunzi china:
Chophimba chozungulira cha aluminiyamu chimamangiriridwa panjira ya aluminiyamu ndi bawuti yamalata. Pali mavuto awiri apa:
- Boloti yachitsulo "idzathyola" mwamsanga dzenje la aluminiyamu kukhala ellipse ndipo dongosolo lidzagwedezeka.
- Kulumikizana pakati pa nthaka ndi aluminiyamu kumayambitsa dzimbiri pamagetsi a electrochemical, makamaka pamaso pamadzi a m'nyanja pamalo olumikizana.
Nanga bwanji ma winchi athu?
- Popeza winchi ili pamalo otseguka pafupi ndi msewu wa zigawenga, ndikwabwino kuyiyika injini molunjika m'mwamba osati mopingasa kuti musunge malo.
- Utoto womwe uli pa ng'oma yachitsulo udzasuluka msanga, ndipo dzimbiri zidzalowa. Amene ali ndi udindo adzakakamizika kukhudza chisokonezo ichi ndi burashi.
Zinthu zinafika posangalatsa kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito zolumikizana zanga m'malo ena osungiramo zombo, ndidatha kuwona zomwe amayika pama projekiti awo aposachedwa. Pamalo ena ochitira zombo, ndidajambula njanji yomwe idalumikizidwa ndi masitepe owulukira:
Mipata ndi yaikulu. Mpandawo udzalendewera ngati mchira wa nkhumba. Ngodya zakuthwa zimakhala zoopsa. Ndipo nayi gulu lowongolera mawilo apulasitiki:
Mmodzi amagwera pa sitima yachitsulo pa tsiku lozizira, lamphepo ndipo amaphwanyidwa.
Winch yomwe inali pachombo china inabisidwa m'bokosi lotsekedwa ndi kutentha:
Njira yothetsera kutentha kwa gearmotor ndiyomveka bwino. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ndizosatheka kupeza galimoto yokhala ndi kutentha kwa ntchito pansi pa -40 Ā° C. Komabe, pazombo zosweka madzi oundana, mafotokozedwe ake amatchula -50Ā°C. Kugula ndi kutenthetsa gearmotor wamba ndikotsika mtengo kuposa kuyitanitsa mtundu wachikhalidwe kuchokera kwa wopanga. Komabe, monga ndi polojekiti iliyonse, pali ma nuances ena:
- Pamene casing yatsekedwa, kuika zingwe sikuyang'aniridwa, zomwe zikutsutsana ndi malamulo a RMRS. Woyika zingwe aziyimilira apa.
- Chogwirizira cha brake manual chikuwoneka, koma chowongolera cha shaft chamanja sichikuwoneka. GOST R ISO 7364-2009 "Makina okwera. Gangway winches" imafuna ma winchi onse omwe akugwira ntchito mopepuka kuti akhale ndi ma drive amanja. Komabe, muyezowu sumatanthawuza mawu akuti "katundu wopepuka."
Tiyeni tiwone mtengo wa makwerero:
- Palibe chitetezo ku chingwe kugwa kuchokera mumdadada. Ikangodekha, mwachitsanzo, chigawenga chikakhudza bwalo, nthawi yomweyo chimatuluka mumtsinje. Ngati itayimitsidwanso, kink imapangidwa mmenemo, ndipo chingwe chonsecho chiyenera kusinthidwa.
- Zikuwoneka kuti pali cholakwika ndi njira ya chingwe. Pa pulley yopingasa yopingasa, chingwe chikuweramira pansi.
Pachombo china, tikuwona zotchingira za block atayikidwa pa ma axle opangidwa kuchokera ku ma bolts akumbuyo. Kuthekera kokhala ndi bronze kapena polima antifriction bushing mkati, malinga ndi malamulo a RMRS, ndizochepa:
Ndinatha kujambula zigawenga zotsatirazi pafupi ndi Blagoveshchensky Bridge ndi pa Lieutenant Schmidt Embankment (St. Petersburg).
M'malo ambiri zingwe zimapaka zitsulo:
Ndipo apa pali kumangirira kwa mpanda wochotsedwa pa nsanja:
Ponena za zomangira zamtundu wa mbendera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posunga zolemba zozungulira, ndifotokoza nkhani yabwino yomwe ndidamva kuchokera kwa wina yemwe adazigwiritsa ntchito. Mbendera ya fasteners nthawi zonse imakhala yozungulira pansi ndi kulemera kwake. Chifukwa chake, mukayika kapena kuchotsa chomangira, pamakhala mwayi kuti mbendera izungulira pansi ikadali mkati mwa positi. Zotsatira zake, chomangiracho chimakakamira ndipo sichisuntha kulowa kapena kutuluka. Cholembacho sichingachotsedwe, bwalo lachigawenga silingasinthidwe, sitimayo siyingachoke pachibowocho, ndipo mwini sitimayo amataya ndalama.
Sindidabwitsa aliyense ndi chithunzi chotsatira:
Cholumikizanacho chikupaka chitsulo. Utoto wayamba kale kusenda, ngakhale kuti malowo adapakidwa utoto pambuyo poika. Izi zimawonedwa ndi ma bolts opaka utoto.
Tiyeni tiwone winchi:
- Utoto wayamba kale kusenda ng'oma.
- Mawaya oyika pansi sakhalitsa
Sindinayendepo pachombo chophwanyira madzi oundana, koma nachi chithunzi chochokera pa intaneti chotsuka masitepe:
Mapangidwe a winchi siwothandiza kuchotsa chipale chofewa; mawaya adzawonongeka msanga ndi fosholo. Chinsinsi cha winchi yaku China:
Malingana ndi zolembera, malire otsika a kutentha kwa ntchito ndi -25 digiri Celsius. Ndipo chombocho chimatchedwa "chosweka."
Sindinawonepo winchi imodzi yokhala ndi dongosolo lomwe limalepheretsa chingwe kuti chisatuluke ("zopanda pake"). Ndiko kuti, ngati mugwira batani pa chowongolera chakutali, njirayo imatsika ndikutsika mpaka chingwe chitatha. Pambuyo pake, chosungira chingwe chidzasungunuka, ndipo mpanda udzawuluka (chosungira chingwecho sichingathe kunyamula katunduyo; mphamvuyo imafalikira kupyolera mukukangana pakati pa chipolopolo cha ng'oma ndi maulendo angapo oyambirira a chingwe).
Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti zithunzi zonsezi ndi za zombo zatsopano kapena zomwe zikumangidwa. Izi ndi zida zatsopano zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa poganizira zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zochitika zonse zamakono zamakina omanga ndi kupanga zombo. Koma zonse zimawoneka ngati zopangidwa kunyumba, zosonkhanitsidwa mu garaja. Ambiri ogulitsa zida za sitimayo amalephera kutsatira malamulo a RMRS komanso nzeru.
Ndinafunsa katswiri wa dipatimenti yogula pa imodzi mwa zomera za izi. Adayankha kuti ma rampu onse ogulidwa adatsimikiziridwa ndi Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMRS) kuti atsatire zofunikira zonse. Mwachibadwa, iwo anagulidwa kupyolera mu ndondomeko ya ma tender pa mtengo wotsika kwambiri.
Kenako funso lofananalo linafunsidwa kwa katswiri wa Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMRS), ndipo iye ananena kuti iye mwiniyo sanasaine ziphaso za makwerero ameneŵa ndipo sakanaphonyapo chinthu choterocho.
Makwerero omwe ndidapanga, mwachilengedwe, adapangidwa ndikupangidwa poganizira mbali zonse zomwe ndafotokoza:
- Ngoma yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri yokhala ndi wosanjikiza umodzi wokhotakhota ndi chipangizo choyika zingwe;
- Pulleys zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zotetezedwa ndi zingwe kugwa;
- Zimbalangondo zokhala ndi antifriction polima bushings zomwe sizifuna mafuta;
- Mawaya mu kutchinjiriza silicone ndi kuluka zitsulo;
- zitsulo zowononga zowononga zitsulo;
- Chotsitsa chowongolera chowongolera pa winchi chokhala ndi chitetezo choletsa kuyatsa magetsi pomwe chogwiriracho sichikuchotsedwa;
- Chitetezo ku kumasuka kwathunthu kwa chingwe kuchokera ku ng'oma;
Sindingathe kukuuzani m'nkhaniyi, chifukwa zingaphwanye ufulu wa kasitomala pazolembedwa zomwe ndapanga. Makwererowo adalandira chiphaso cha RMRS, adatumizidwa kumalo osungiramo zombo, ndipo adaperekedwa kale kwa kasitomala womaliza pamodzi ndi chombo. Komabe, mtengowo udakhala wopanda mpikisano, ndipo ndizokayikitsa kuti ungagulitsidwe kwa wina aliyense.
Ndithetsa nkhani yanga apa, kuti ndisakhumudwitse makasitomala, omanga zombo, opikisana nawo, kapena oimira RMRS. Mutha kupanga malingaliro anuanu za momwe mungapangire zombo.
Source: www.habr.com
