Kulowetsa m'malo ndi kupanga zombo

Zaka zingapo zapitazo ndinapatsidwa ntchito yokonza makwerero a ngalawa. Pachombo chilichonse chachikulu pali ziwiri: kumanja ndi kumanzere.

Masitepe a makwerero ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a semicircular kotero kuti mutha kuyimilira pamakona osiyanasiyana a makwerero. Ukondewo amapachikidwa kuti anthu amene akugwa komanso zinthu asagwere pa bowo kapena m’madzi.

Mfundo ya ntchito ya makwerero akhoza kufotokozedwa motere. Pamene chingwe chikakulungidwa pa ng'oma ya winch 5, kuthawa kwa masitepe 1 kumakokedwa ku gawo la cantilever la mtengo wa makwerero 4. Ndegeyo ikangokhalira kumenyana ndi console, imayamba kuyendayenda ndi malo ake omangirira, kuyendetsa galimoto. shaft 6 ndi nsanja yotulukira 3. Zotsatira zake Izi zimapangitsa kuti ndege ya makwerero igwe pamphepete mwake, i.e. ku malo "osungidwa". Pamene malo omaliza afika, kusintha kwa malire kumatsegulidwa, komwe kumayimitsa winch.

Ntchito iliyonse yotereyi imayamba ndi kuphunzira zaukadaulo, zolemba zowongolera ndi ma analogi omwe alipo. Tidzadumpha gawo loyamba, popeza zolemba zamakono zili ndi zofunikira zokha za kutalika kwa makwerero, kutentha kwa ntchito, kukwanira ndi kutsata ndondomeko zambiri zamakampani.

Ponena za miyezo, imayikidwa mu chikalata chimodzi chamagulu ambiri "Malamulo a magulu ndi kumanga zombo zapanyanja". Kutsatira malamulowa kumayang'aniridwa ndi Russian Maritime Register of Shipping kapena kufupikitsidwa RMRS. Nditaphunzira ntchitoyi yamagulu ambiri, ndinalemba papepala mfundo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi makwerero a kunja ndi winchi. Nazi zina mwa izo:

Malamulo okweza zida za zombo zapanyanja

1.5.5.1 Ng'oma za winch ziyenera kukhala zautali kotero kuti, ngati kuli kotheka, kutsekereza kwa chingwe chimodzi kumatsimikiziridwa.
1.5.5.7 Ndibwino kuti ng'oma zonse zomwe sizikuwoneka kwa woyendetsa ntchito panthawi yogwira ntchito zikhale ndi zipangizo zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti mapiringidwe oyenera ndi kuyala chingwe pa ng'oma.
1.5.6.6 Malo a zingwe zomangira zingwe, midadada ndi malekezero a zingwe zomangika kuzinthu zachitsulo ziyenera kuteteza zingwe kuti zisagwe pa ng'oma ndi zotchingira za midadadayo, komanso kupewa kugundana kwawo wina ndi mnzake kapena motsutsana ndi kapangidwe kachitsulo.
9.3.4 Pazinyalala zotsetsereka, ma pulleys a midadada ayenera kukhala ndi tchire lopangidwa ndi zinthu zotsutsa (mwachitsanzo, mkuwa).

Mu gawo lachitatu la kukonzekera kamangidwe kake, pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti yamphamvuyonse, ndinasonkhanitsa chikwatu chokhala ndi zithunzi za zigawenga. Pophunzira zithunzizi, tsitsi la m’mutu mwanga linayamba kusuntha. Zopereka zambiri zogulira ngalande zidapezeka patsamba ngati Alibaba. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mumahinji, chitsulo chachitsulo chimapaka diso lachitsulo
• Palibe chitetezo ku chingwe kugwa kuchokera ku pulley popanda kupsinjika
• Pulatifomu imapangidwa ndi pepala lolimba. Pamene ayezi amapanga, ntchito yake si yotetezeka. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito grated pansi (ngakhale kuti si bwino ngati mutavala zidendene)

Tiyeni tiwone chithunzi china:

Chophimba chozungulira cha aluminiyamu chimamangiriridwa ku ndege ya aluminiyamu ndi bawuti yamalata. Pali mavuto awiri apa:

• Boloti yachitsulo "idzathyola" mwachangu dzenje la aluminiyamu kukhala ellipse ndipo mawonekedwe ake amalendewera.
• Kulumikizana pakati pa zinki ndi aluminiyamu kumayambitsa dzimbiri, makamaka ngati pali madzi am'nyanja pamalo olumikizana.

Nanga bwanji ma winchi athu?

• Popeza winchi ili pamalo otseguka pafupi ndi msewu wa gangway, kuti musunge malo ndi bwino kuyiyika injini molunjika m'mwamba osati mopingasa.
• Utoto wochokera ku ng'oma yachitsulo udzasungunuka mwamsanga ndipo zowonongeka zidzayamba. Oyang'anira adzakakamizika kukhudza nthawi zonse manyazi awa ndi burashi.

Kenako zinthu zinayamba kukhala zosangalatsa kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana ndi anthu m'malo ena osungiramo zombo, ndidatha kuwona zomwe amabetcha pama projekiti awo aposachedwa. Pano pafakitale ina ndidajambula kumangirira kwa mpanda wa mpanda kuguba:

Mipata ndi yaikulu. Mpandawo udzalendewera ngati mchira wa nkhumba. Ngodya zakuthwa zopweteketsa mtima. Ndipo nayi gulu lowongolera pulasitiki la winch:

Dontho limodzi pa sitima yachitsulo pa tsiku lozizira, lamphepo ndipo lidzaphwanyidwa.

Winch yomwe inali m'sitima ina inabisidwa m'bokosi lotsekeredwa, lotenthedwa:

Yankho lokha ndikuwotcha injini yamagetsi ndi yachilendo. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuyendetsa komwe kuli ndi kutentha kovomerezeka kosachepera madigiri 40 sikupezeka. Ndipo kwa zombo zosweka, monga lamulo, kuchotsera 50 kumasonyezedwa muzolemba zaukadaulo.Ndizotheka mwachuma kugula ndi kutenthetsa preheat serial model of geared motor kuposa kuyitanitsa mtundu wapadera kuchokera kwa wopanga. Koma, monga mu bizinesi iliyonse, pali ma nuances:

• Pamene casing yatsekedwa, kuyika kwa chingwe sikuyendetsedwa, zomwe zikutsutsana ndi malamulo a RMRS. Payenera kukhala chogwirira zingwe apa.
• Chogwirizira potulutsa mabuleki pamanja chimawoneka, koma chogwirira chozungulira pamanja shaft ya injini sichikuwoneka. GOST R ISO 7364-2009 "Njira zamakina. Makwerero amawinda" imafuna kuti ma winchi onse omwe amagwira ntchito mopepuka azikhala ndi ma drive amanja. Koma lingaliro la "katundu wopepuka" silinawululidwe mulingo

Tiyeni tiwone mtundu wa gangway:

• Palibe chitetezo ku chingwe kugwa kunja kwa chipika. Mwachitsanzo, ikangofota, makwerero akakhudza chipilalacho, nthawi yomweyo imalumpha kuchoka mumtsinjemo. Ndi kukanidwa kotsatira, crease idzawonekera pa iyo ndipo chingwe chonse chiyenera kusinthidwa
• Zikuwoneka kuti pali cholakwika ndi njira yolumikizira chingwe. Pa chopingasa chonyamulira chingwe chingwe chimapinda pansi

Tsopano pa sitima ina tikuwona momwe ma pulleys a midadada amaima pa ma axles pansi kuchokera ku mabawuti. Kuthekera kokhala ndi bronze kapena polima anti-friction bushing mkati, malinga ndi malamulo a RMRS, ndizochepa:

Ndinatha kujambula zigawenga zotsatirazi pafupi ndi Blagoveshchensky Bridge ndi pa mpanda wa Lieutenant Schmidt (St. Petersburg).

M'malo ambiri zingwe zimapaka chitsulo:

Ndipo apa pali chomata cha mpanda wochotsedwa pa tsambalo:

Ponena za zingwe za mbendera zomwe zimateteza zikwangwani zozungulira, ndikuwuzani nkhani yabwino yomwe adandiuza ndi munthu yemwe adachita nawo. Mbendera yotsekera nthawi zonse imakhala yozungulira molunjika pansi pansi pa kulemera kwake. Chifukwa chake, mukayika kapena kuchotsa latch, pali mwayi woti mbendera igwetse pansi pomwe ili mkati mwa choyikapo. Zotsatira zake, latchyo imakakamira ndipo salowa kapena kutuluka. Choyikacho sichingachotsedwe, chigawenga sichingachotsedwe, sitimayo singasunthike kutali ndi pier, mwini zombo amataya ndalama.

Sindingadabwe aliyense ndi chithunzi chotsatira:

Pa hinge, chitsulo chimapaka chitsulo. Utoto wayamba kale, ngakhale kuti malowa anali atapakidwa kale atayikidwa. Izi zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku ma bolts opaka utoto.

Tiyeni tiwone winchi:

• Utoto wayamba kale kusenda ng'oma
• Mawaya ogwetsera pansi sakhalitsa

Sindinayende pachombo chophwanyira madzi oundana, koma nachi chithunzi kuchokera pa intaneti chokhudza kuyeretsa sitimayo:

Maonekedwe a winch siwothandiza kuchotsa chipale chofewa; mawaya adzawonongeka mwachangu kwambiri ndi fosholo. Dzina lachi China kuchokera ku winch:

Tikayang'ana zolembera, malire otsika a kutentha kwa ntchito ndi minus 25 degrees. Ndipo sitimayo ili ndi mawu oyamba oti "icebreaker".

Sindinawonepo kachitidwe pa winchi iliyonse yomwe imalepheretsa chingwe kuti zisasunthike pa winchi ("zopanda pake"). Ndiko kuti, ngati mugwira batani pa remote control, makwerero amatsika pansi mpaka chingwe chimatha. Zitatha izi, chisindikizo cha chingwe chidzachoka ndipo makwererowo adzawulukira pansi (chisindikizo cha chingwe sichingathe kunyamula katunduyo; mphamvuyo imafalikira kupyolera mu mphamvu yothamanga yomwe imapezeka pakati pa chipolopolo cha ng'oma ndi kutembenuka koyambirira kwa chingwe).

Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti zithunzi zonsezi zikuchokera ku zombo zatsopano kapena zomwe zikumangidwa. Izi ndi zida zatsopano zomwe zimayenera kupangidwa poganizira zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zochitika zonse zamakono zamakina omanga ndi kupanga zombo. Ndipo zonse zikuwoneka ngati zopangira zopangira zosonkhanitsidwa m'magalaja. Malamulo a RMRS ndi nzeru wamba samatsatiridwa ndi ambiri ogulitsa zida zam'madzi.

Ndinafunsa funso pamutuwu kwa katswiri wochokera ku dipatimenti yogula ya imodzi mwa mafakitale. Kumene ndidalandira yankho loti makwerero onse ogulidwa ali ndi satifiketi ya RMRS yotsata zofunikira zonse. Mwachibadwa, amagulidwa kudzera mu ndondomeko zachifundo pa mtengo wotsika kwambiri.

Kenako funso lofanana ndi limeneli linafunsidwa kwa katswiri wina wa ku RMRS ndipo iye anati iye mwini sanasaine ziphaso za makwererowa ndipo sakadaphonyapo izi.

Makwerero omwe ndidapanga, mwachilengedwe, adapangidwa ndikupangidwa poganizira mbali zonse zomwe ndidalankhula:

• Ng'oma yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri yokhala ndi mafunde amodzi osanjikiza ndi chingwe cha chingwe;
• zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zokhala ndi chitetezo ku kutaya zingwe;
• Ma bere otsetsereka okhala ndi antifriction polima bushings omwe safuna mafuta;
• Mawaya mu kutchinjiriza silicone ndi kuluka zitsulo;
• Anti-vandal zitsulo control panel;
• Chotsitsa chowongolera chowongolera pa winchi chokhala ndi chitetezo choletsa kuyatsa magetsi pomwe chogwiriracho sichikuchotsedwa;
• Chitetezo ku kumasuka kwathunthu kwa chingwe kuchokera ku ng'oma;

Onetsani mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi sindingathe, chifukwa ... Ndiphwanya ufulu wokhawokha wa kasitomala pazolemba zamapangidwe zomwe ndidapanga. Gangway idalandira satifiketi ya RMRS, idatumizidwa kumalo osungiramo zombo ndipo idaperekedwa kale kwa kasitomala womaliza pamodzi ndi sitimayo. Koma mtengo wake udakhala wopanda mpikisano ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti atha kugulitsa kwa wina aliyense.

Ndithetsa nkhaniyi pano kuti ndisakhumudwitse makasitomala, omanga zombo, opikisana nawo komanso oimira RMRS. Mutha kutengera malingaliro anu pazomwe zikuchitika pakumanga zombo.

Source: www.habr.com