Kulowetsa m'malo mwakuchita. Gawo 2. Chiyambi. Hypervisor

M'mbuyomu nkhani zosankha zinaganiziridwa pa zomwe machitidwe omwe alipo angasinthidwe ngati gawo la kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo loloŵa m'malo. Nkhani zotsatirazi zifotokoza kwambiri za kusankha zinthu zimene zidzalowe m’malo mwa zomwe zatumizidwa panopa. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi poyambira - dongosolo virtualization.

1. Zowawa za kusankha

Ndiye mungasankhe chiyani? MU kaundula wa Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications pali kusankha:

• Server virtualization system "R-Vitualization» (libvirt, KVM, QEMU)
• Pulogalamu yamapulogalamu "Brest virtualization zida» (libvirt, KVM, QEMU)
• Pulatifomu yoyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira chilengedwe cha virtualization "Sharx Stream" (njira yothetsera mtambo yomwe siili yoyenera ku maofesi a boma mu 95% ya milandu (chinsinsi, etc.)
• Phukusi la mapulogalamu opangira ma seva, ma desktops ndi mapulogalamu "HOST"(KVM x86)
• Dongosolo loyang'anira chitetezo cha chilengedwe cha virtualization "Z|ziwi"(aka oVirt+KVM)
• Virtualization Environment Management System "ROSA Virtualization"(aka oVirt+KVM)
• Hypervisor Chithunzi cha QP VMM (zofanana kwambiri ndi Oracle Virtual Box kuti zikhale china chilichonse)

Muthanso kuganizira za hypervisors zomwe zikuphatikizidwa pakugawa kwa OS kapena zomwe zili m'malo awo. Mwachitsanzo, Astra Linux ili ndi chithandizo cha KVM. Ndipo popeza imaphatikizidwa muzosungira za OS, imatha kuonedwa ngati "yovomerezeka" pakuyika ndikugwiritsa ntchito. "Zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo la kulowetsa m'malo ndi zomwe sizingatheke" zidakambidwa kale nkhani, kotero sindidzangoganizira za nkhaniyi.

Ndipotu, apa mndandanda wa zida za Astra Linux virtualization:

• Virtualbox
• Virt-meneja (KVM) Eagle current
• libvirt pa KVM

ROSA Linux ilibe mndandanda wotere, koma mutha kuupeza pa wiki phukusi zotsatirazi:

• ROSA Virtualization pa oVirt pa KVM
• QEMU pa KVM
• oVirt 3.5 pa KVM

Kuwerengera kuli ndi izi QEMU pa KVM

Alt Linux ili ndi zomwezo KVM

1.2. Pali imodzi KOMA

Tikayang'anitsitsa, tikuwona kuti tidzayenera kuthana ndi ma hypervisors odziwika bwino, omwe ndi:

1. KVM
2. Virtualbox
3. QEMU

QEMU ndi pulogalamu yaulere komanso yotseguka yotsanzira zida zamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito KVM, koma kugwiritsa ntchito makina owoneka bwino kumafulumizitsa magwiridwe antchito a alendo, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito KVM mu QEMU (-enable-kvm) ndiye njira yomwe amakonda. (c) Ndiko kuti, QEMU ndi mtundu wa 2 hypervisor, womwe ndi wosavomerezeka mu malo ogulitsa. Ndi KVM itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma pakadali pano QEMU idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chowongolera cha KVM ...

Kugwiritsa ntchito choyambirira Virtualbox mu malonda kwenikweni kuphwanya chilolezo: “Kuyambira ndi mtundu 4, wotulutsidwa mu Disembala 2010, gawo lalikulu lazinthuzo limagawidwa kwaulere pansi pa laisensi ya GPL v2. Phukusi lowonjezera lomwe limayikidwa pamwamba pake, lothandizira zida za USB 2.0 ndi 3.0, Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), encryption drive, booting kuchokera ku NVMe ndi PXE, imagawidwa pansi pa layisensi yapadera ya PUEL ("pogwiritsa ntchito payekha ndikuwunika") , pomwe dongosololi lili ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito payekha, pazolinga zophunzitsira, kapena kuwunika musanagule mtundu wamalonda." (c) Plus VirtualBox ndi mtundu wa 2 hypervisor, kotero imasowanso.

Chiwerengero: m'mawonekedwe ake oyera omwe tili nawo KVM.

2. Zina zonse: KVM kapena KVM?

Ngati mukufunikirabe kusinthira ku hypervisor "zapakhomo", kusankha kwanu, kunena zoona, ndi kochepa. Zidzatero KVM mu chokulunga chimodzi kapena china, ndi zosintha zina, koma zidzakhalabe KVM. Kaya izi ndi zabwino kapena zoyipa ndi funso lina; palibenso njira ina.

Ngati zinthu sizili zovuta, ndiye, monga tafotokozera m'mbuyomu nkhani: "Tiyenera kubweretsa zizindikiro pamalire omwe akhazikitsidwa. M'malo mwake, izi zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera m'malo mwa OS yomwe ilipo ndi zinthu zochokera ku Unduna wa Telecom ndi Mass Communications registry ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa machitidwe osinthidwa kukhala 80% .... Chifukwa chake, titha kusiya gululo mosamala pa Hyper-V. , popeza tili nacho ndipo timachikonda ... "(c) Chifukwa chake tikuyang'anizana ndi kusankha: Microsoft Hyper-v kapena KVM. KVM mwina ndi zowongolera "zokulungidwa" kwa izo, koma zidzakhalabe chimodzimodzi KVM.

Zogulitsazi sizingafanane kamodzi, osati kawiri, osati katatu...Chabwino, mukumvetsa...

Za kutumizidwa ndi kasinthidwe KVM izo sizinalembedwe mwanjira yomweyo kamodzi, osati kawiri, osati katatu ndipo sichoncho kanayi... Mwa mawu amodzi, chinazimiririka.

Zomwezo zimapitanso Microsoft Hyper V..

Sindikuwona chifukwa chodzibwereza ndekha ndikufotokozera machitidwe awa, kufananiza, ndi zina zotero. Mukhoza, ndithudi, kutulutsa mfundo zazikulu m'nkhani, koma izi zingakhale zopanda ulemu kwa olemba, ndikuganiza. Aliyense amene ayenera kusankha sadzawerenga izi zokha, komanso phiri la chidziwitso kuti apange malingaliro ake.

Kusiyana kokha komwe ndikufuna kuyang'ana ndi kusanja kwa failover. Ngati Microsoft ili ndi izi zomangidwa mu OS ndi hypervisor magwiridwe antchito, ndiye kuti pa KVM muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yachitatu, yomwe iyenera kuphatikizidwa muzosungira za OS. Kuphatikiza komweko kwa Corosync + Pacemaker, mwachitsanzo. (Pafupifupi machitidwe onse ogwira ntchito zapakhomo ali ndi kuphatikiza uku ... mwina onse, koma sindinayang'ane 100% mwa iwo.) Mabuku opangira masango amapezekanso mochuluka.

3. Mapeto

Chabwino, monga mwachizolowezi, Kulibins athu sanavutike, adatenga zomwe anali nazo, anawonjezera pang'ono zawo, ndikupanga "chinthu" chomwe, malinga ndi zolemba, ndi zapakhomo, koma zenizeni ndi OpenSource. Kodi ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kuchokera ku bajeti pa machitidwe "osiyana" a virtualization (werengani: osaphatikizidwa mu OS)? Osaganiza. Popeza mudzalandirabe KVM yomweyo, mudzangolipira.

Chifukwa chake, kusankha cholowa m'malo mwa hypervisor kumatsikira ku seva OS yomwe mudzagulire Enterprise ndikugwira ntchito. Kapena, monga ine, mudzakhala ndi zomwe muli nazo kale (Hyper-VESXi insert_needed).

Source: www.habr.com