Zomangamanga zapakatikati pazantchito zapaintaneti: zoyambira zaukadaulo ndi mfundo

In-Memory ndi gulu lamalingaliro osungira deta ikasungidwa mu RAM ya pulogalamuyo, ndipo diski imagwiritsidwa ntchito posunga zosunga zobwezeretsera. M'njira zachikale, deta imasungidwa pa disk ndipo kukumbukira kumasungidwa mu cache. Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu yapaintaneti yokhala ndi backend yosinthira deta imapempha kuti isungidwe: imalandila, imasinthitsa, ndipo zambiri zimasamutsidwa pamaneti. Mu-Memory, kuwerengera kumatumizidwa ku data - kusungirako, komwe kumakonzedwa ndipo intaneti imakhala yochepa kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha kamangidwe kake, In-Memory imafulumizitsa kupezeka kwa data kangapo, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuyitanitsa kukula, mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri aku banki akufuna kuwona mu ntchito yowunikira lipoti langongole zomwe zaperekedwa mumayendedwe tsiku ndi tsiku chaka chatha. Izi zitenga mphindi pa DBMS yapamwamba, koma ndi In-Memory idzawoneka nthawi yomweyo. Izi ndichifukwa choti njirayo imakupatsani mwayi wosungira zambiri ndipo imasungidwa mu RAM "ili pafupi". Kugwiritsa ntchito sikuyenera kupempha deta kuchokera pa hard drive, kupezeka kwake komwe kumachepetsedwa ndi network ndi disk liwiro.

Ndi zotheka zina ziti zomwe zilipo ndi In-Memory ndipo njira iyi ndi yotani? Vladimir Pligin - injiniya ku GridGain. Zowunikirazi zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa opanga mawebusayiti omwe sanagwirepo ntchito ndi In-Memory ndipo akufuna kuyesa, kapena ali ndi chidwi ndi zochitika zamakono pakupanga mapulogalamu ndi kapangidwe kake.

ndemanga. Nkhaniyi idachokera ku lipoti la Vladimir pa #GetIT Conf. Asanayambe kudzipatula, nthawi zonse tinkachita misonkhano ndi misonkhano ya omanga ku Moscow ndi St. Sizingatheke kuchita msonkhano tsopano, koma ndi nthawi yogawana zinthu zothandiza kuchokera ku zakale.

Ndani amagwiritsa ntchito In-Memory ndi momwe

In-Memory imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pomwe kulumikizidwa mwachangu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kapena kukonza deta yochulukirapo kumafunika.

• Mabanki gwiritsani ntchito In-Memory, mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa kuchedwa pamene makasitomala akugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu kapena kusanthula kasitomala musanapereke ngongole.
• Fintech imagwiritsa ntchito In-Memory kuti ipititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndi ntchito zamabanki omwe amathandizira kukonza ndi kusanthula deta. 
• Makampani a inshuwaransi: kuwerengera zoopsa, mwachitsanzo, posanthula deta yamakasitomala pazaka zingapo.
• Makampani a Logistics. Amakonza zambiri, mwachitsanzo, kuti awerengere njira zabwino zonyamulira katundu ndi anthu okhala ndi magawo masauzande ambiri, ndikutsata momwe zotumizira zilili.
• Ritelo. Mayankho a mu-Memory amathandizira kutumizira makasitomala mwachangu ndikusintha zidziwitso zambiri: kutumiza, ma invoice, zochitika, kupezeka kwa zinthu masauzande ambiri m'malo osungiramo zinthu, ndikukonzekera malipoti owunikira.
• В IoT In-Memory imalowa m'malo mwazosunga zakale.
• Zamankhwala makampani amagwiritsa ntchito In-Memory, mwachitsanzo, kusanja kuphatikiza mitundu yamankhwala. 

Ndikuuzani zitsanzo zingapo za momwe makasitomala athu amagwiritsira ntchito mayankho a In-Memory ndi momwe mungawagwiritsire ntchito nokha.

In-Memory ngati yosungirako yoyamba

M'modzi mwamakasitomala athu ndi ogulitsa kwambiri zida zasayansi zachipatala zochokera ku USA. Amagwiritsa ntchito yankho la In-Memory monga kusungirako kwawo kwakukulu. Deta yonse imasungidwa pa disk, ndipo gawo laling'ono lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu limasungidwa mu RAM. Njira zopezera zosungira ndizokhazikika - GDBC (Generic Database Connector) ndi chilankhulo cha SQL.

Zonsezi zimatchedwa In-Memory Database (IMDB) kapena Memory-Centric Storage. Gulu la mayankho lili ndi mayina ambiri, awa si okhawo. 

Makhalidwe a IMDB:

• Zomwe zimasungidwa mu In-Memory ndikufikira kudzera mu SQL ndizofanana ndi njira zina. Amalumikizidwa, njira yokhayo yowonetsera, njira yoyankhulirana ndi yosiyana. Transactionality imagwira ntchito pakati pa data.

• IMDB ndiyothamanga kuposa nkhokwe zaubale chifukwa imafulumira kupeza zambiri kuchokera ku RAM kusiyana ndi disk. 
• Ma aligorivimu okhathamiritsa mkati ali ndi malangizo ochepa.
• Ma IMDB ndi oyenera kuwongolera deta, zochitika ndi zochitika pamapulogalamu.

Ma IMDB amathandizira pang'ono ACID: Atomicity, Consistency, ndi Isolation. Koma sagwirizana ndi "kukhazikika" - mphamvu ikazimitsidwa, deta yonse imatayika. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzithunzi - "chithunzi" cha database, chofananira ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera pa hard drive, kapena kujambula zochitika (zipika) kuti mubwezeretse deta mukayambiranso.

Kupanga mapulogalamu olekerera zolakwika

Tiyeni tiganizire za kamangidwe kake ka pulogalamu yapaintaneti yololera zolakwika. Zimagwira ntchito motere: zopempha zonse zimagawidwa ndi web balancer pakati pa ma seva. Dongosololi ndi lokhazikika chifukwa ma seva amafananiza wina ndi mnzake ndikuthandizirana pakagwa vuto.

The balancer imatsogolera zopempha zonse kuchokera ku gawo limodzi mosamalitsa ku seva imodzi. Iyi ndi njira yopangira ndodo: gawo lililonse limalumikizidwa ndi seva komwe limasungidwa ndikusinthidwa. 

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati seva imodzi yalephera?

Ntchitoyi sidzakhudzidwa chifukwa zomangazo ndizobwerezedwa. Koma titaya magawo a seva yakufa. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amamangiriridwa ku magawo awa. Mwachitsanzo, kasitomala amaika oda ndipo mwadzidzidzi amamutulutsa muofesi. Sadzasangalala akadzalowanso ndikupeza kuti zonse ziyenera kuchitidwanso.

Pulogalamu yapaintaneti ikufunika kuti ithandizire owerenga ambiri osati kuchedwetsa kuti athe kugwira ntchito bwino. Koma ngati akanidwa, ndi pempho lililonse lotsatira nthawi zimatengera kulankhula ndi gawo sitolo adzawonjezeka. Izi zimawonjezera kuchedwa kwapakati kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena. Koma safuna kudikira motalikirapo kuposa mmene anazolowera.

Vutoli litha kuthetsedwa ngati kasitomala wathu wina, wopereka PASS wamkulu wochokera ku USA. Imagwiritsa ntchito In-Memory kusonkhanitsa magawo a intaneti. Kuti izi zitheke, zimawasunga osati kwanuko, koma chapakati - mu gulu la In-Memory. Pankhaniyi, magawo amapezeka mwachangu kwambiri chifukwa ali kale mu RAM.

Seva ikawonongeka, wolinganiza amatumiza zopempha kuchokera ku seva yosweka kupita ku ma seva ena, monga momwe zimakhalira zakale. Koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu: magawo amasungidwa mu gulu la In-Memory ndipo ma seva ali ndi mwayi wopeza magawo a seva yakugwa.

Zomangamanga izi zimawonjezera kulolerana kwa zolakwika za dongosolo lonse. Komanso, ndizotheka kusiyiratu njira yolumikizira ndodo.

Hybrid Transactional Analytical Processing (HTAP)

Kawirikawiri, machitidwe a transaction ndi analytical amasungidwa mosiyana. Akamapatukana, maziko akulu amakhala pansi. Posanthulika, deta imakopereredwa ku chofananira kotero kuti kusanthula kusasokoneza njira zosinthira. Koma kukopera kumachitika mochedwa - sikutheka kubwereza popanda kuchedwa. Ngati tichita izi synchronously, izonso kuchepetsa m'munsi chachikulu ndipo sitidzapeza zopambana.

Mu HTAP, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito mosiyana - malo osungiramo data omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera katundu kuchokera ku mapulogalamu, komanso pamafunso owunikira omwe angatenge nthawi yayitali kuti amalize. Pamene deta ili mu RAM, mafunso owunikira amachitidwa mofulumira, ndipo seva yomwe ili ndi database imakhala yochepa (pafupifupi).

Njira yosakanizidwa imaphwanya khoma pakati pa kukonzanso ndi kusanthula. Ngati tipanga analytics pamalo osungira omwewo, ndiye kuti mafunso owunikira amayambika pa data kuchokera ku RAM. Ndizolondola kwambiri, zomasulira komanso zokwanira.

Kuphatikiza kwa mayankho mu Memory

A (njira) yosavuta - kukulitsa chilichonse kuyambira pachiyambi. Timasunga deta pa disk ndikusunga deta yotentha mu kukumbukira. Izi zimathandiza kupulumuka kuyambiranso kwa seva kapena kuzimitsa.

Pali zochitika ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pano pamene deta yasungidwa pa disk. Choyamba, tikufuna kupulumuka kuwonongeka kapena kuyambiranso pafupipafupi kwamagulu kapena magawo - tikufuna kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhokwe yosavuta. Pachitsanzo chachiwiri, pamene pali deta yambiri, zina zimakhala mu kukumbukira.

Ngati sizingatheke kupanga chilichonse kuyambira pachiyambi, ndizotheka kuphatikiza In-Memory kukhala kale. zomanga zomwe zilipo. Koma si mayankho onse a In-Memory omwe ali oyenera pa izi. Pali zinthu zitatu zovomerezeka. Yankho la In-Memory liyenera kuthandizira:

• njira yokhazikika yolumikizira ku database yomwe idzakhale pansi pake (mwachitsanzo, MySQL);
• chilankhulo chokhazikika chafunso, kuti musalembenso ndikusintha malingaliro okhudzana ndi zosungirako;
• transaction - kusunga semantics ya kuyanjana.

Ngati zikhalidwe zonse zitatu zakwaniritsidwa, ndiye kuti kuphatikiza ndi kotheka. Timayika In-Memory Data Grid pakati pa ntchito ndi nkhokwe. Tsopano zopempha zolembera zidzaperekedwa ku database yomwe ili pansi, ndipo zopempha zowerengedwa zidzaperekedwa ku database yomwe ili pansi ngati deta ilibe mu cache.

Ngati kupeza mwachangu kwa data ndi kukonza kwake ndikofunikira kwa inu, mwachitsanzo, pakuwunika kwa bizinesi, mutha kuganiza za kukhazikitsa In-Memory. Ndipo pakukhazikitsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse ziwiri popanga zomanga zatsopano.

Source: www.habr.com