Mafotokozedwe a mawuwa: Mamembala a US House of Representatives , zomwe zidzaletsa ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe aboma mdziko muno kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya TikTok. Malinga ndi ma congressmen, ntchito yaku China ya TikTok ikhoza "kuwopseza" chitetezo chadziko - makamaka, kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso kuchokera kwa nzika zaku America kuti ziwononge United States mtsogolomo.
Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zowononga kwambiri zozungulira , ndikuti kuletsa kungayambitse kugawanika kwa intaneti. Lingaliro ili likuchotsa mbiri ya Great Firewall ya China, yomwe idakwezedwa zaka 23 zapitazo ndipo, makamaka, idadula China ku mautumiki ambiri aku Western. Mfundo yakuti United States potsiriza idzatha kupereka yankho la galasi kwa izi ndizowonetseratu zenizeni zomwe zilipo, osati kulengedwa kwatsopano.
Pakati pa nkhani zenizeni, munthu angazindikire kugawanika kwa intaneti yomwe si ya China: kwa ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chitsanzo cha ku America chimakhala ngati maziko, koma European Union ndi India akutembenukira ku njira zawo.
American model
Mtundu wa intaneti waku America umamangidwa pa laissez-faire, ndipo magwiridwe ake ndi ovuta kutsutsana nawo. Gawo laukadaulo lakhala likuyendetsa kwambiri kukula kwachuma ku US kwazaka zambiri, ndipo makampani a intaneti aku US akulamulira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, akubweretsa mphamvu zofewa zaku US - ngati McDonald's yokhala ndi Hollywood pa steroids. Njira iyi ili ndi zovuta zake zoonekeratu: amatsogolera ku chilengedwe , misika yaikulu, ndi kutulukira kwa madera, abwino ndi oipa omwe.
Komabe, nkhaniyi ikukamba za zachuma ndi ndale, ndipo opambana kwambiri ndi otayika kuchokera ku njira yaku America ndi awa:
Opambana:
- Makampani akuluakulu aukadaulo aku America omwe amagwira ntchito momasuka ku United States, kuwapatsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ambiri komanso opindulitsa kuti athandizire kukulitsa kupitilira malire adzikolo.
- Makampani aukadaulo atsopano ku US ali ndi chotchinga chochepa cholowera, makamaka pankhani zamalamulo ndi kusonkhanitsa deta.
- Boma la US limatenga misonkho yambiri kuchokera kumakampani aku America awa, kuphatikiza phindu lawo lakunja, komanso kutumizira kunja mawonekedwe ake padziko lonse lapansi kudzera mwa iwo, ndikulandila zambiri za nzika zamayiko ena.
- Nzika zaku US zimakhala ndi ufulu wokulirapo pa intaneti, ngakhale pali zoletsa zochepa pakusonkhanitsa deta yawo ndi makampani wamba ndi boma la US.
- Makampani omwe si a US ali omasuka kugwira ntchito popanda zoletsa ku US ndi mayiko ena omwe amatsatira njira yaku America.
Oluza:
- Maboma a mayiko ena ali ndi mphamvu zochepa pamakampani aukadaulo aku America, kupeza phindu lawo, komanso kuwongolera kufalitsa chidziwitso.
Kukondera kwanga ndikodziwikiratu: Ndikuganiza kuti njira yaku US ndiyabwinoko. Ambiri, ndithudi, adzatsutsana za momwe zonsezi zimakhudzira makampani atsopano, chifukwa chakuti magulu akuluakulu amalamulira misika yawo, pamene ena adzayang'ana pa nkhani yosonkhanitsa deta. Chomwe ndimasamala ndi chimenecho zidzafika poipa zomwe ayenera kusankha, makamaka zokhuza phindu lomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amalandira pogwiritsa ntchito . Koma bwanji , Ndaona kuti zonena za Khothi Lalikulu la EU zonena kuti zomwe boma la US lasonkhanitsa zokhudza nzika za mayiko ena ndizovuta kwambiri zachinsinsi.
Komabe, mikangano iyi ikuwonetsa mfundo yomwe ndikuganiza kuti tonse tingagwirizane nayo: maboma ena ali ndi zifukwa zomveka zodandaula za hegemony yamakampani aukadaulo aku America.
Chinese model
Mphamvu yoyendetsera mtundu waku China ndikuwongolera zambiri. Izi zikuwonetseredwa osati chifukwa chakuti China imayang'anira mwayi wopita ku Western services pamanetiweki, komanso chifukwa boma la China limagwiritsa ntchito ma censors ambiri, komanso kuti boma likuyembekeza kuti makampani aku China pa intaneti ngati Tencent kapena ByteDance akhale nawo. zikwi za censors awo.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, ubwino wachuma wa njira yaku China sungathe kukanidwa. China ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe lingathe kupikisana ndi US potengera kukula ndi kukula kwa makampani a intaneti chifukwa cha msika waukulu komanso kusowa kwa mpikisano. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zikubweretsa zaluso zosiyanasiyana, popeza China yapita molunjika pa intaneti yam'manja, ndikudutsa katundu wa PC zomwe amakonda zomwe zimalemetsa makampani ena aku America.
Poganizira zonsezi, m'pofunikabe kufunsa funso la momwe chitsanzo cha China chilili chokhazikika. Maiko ang'onoang'ono ngati Iran amalamulira makampani aukadaulo aku America mwanjira yofananira, koma popanda msika wofanana ndi waku China, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti apeze phindu lachuma lomwelo kuchokera ku Great Firewall. Ndizoyeneranso kudziwa kuti mtundu waku China uli ndi otayika ambiri, kuphatikiza nzika zaku China.
European model
Europe, yokhala ndi zikhalidwe zotere , , komanso chigamulo cha khoti la sabata yatha chomwe chinathetsa ""(ndi chigamulo cham'mbuyomu, chomwe chinasintha mu 2015""), amachoka ndikupita ku intaneti yake.
Komabe, intaneti yotereyi ikuwoneka kuti ndiyo njira yoipitsitsa kuposa zonse zomwe zingatheke. Kumbali imodzi, makampani akuluakulu aukadaulo aku US akupambana, osachepera poyerekeza ndi ena: inde, zoletsa zonse izi zimachulukitsa mtengo (ndipo zimachepetsa ndalama zotsatsa zomwe zimatsata), koma zimakhudza kwambiri omwe angapikisane nawo. Mophiphiritsira, European Union imachepetsa kukula kwa nyumbayo, ndikuwonjezera kukula kwa moat.
Pakadali pano, nzika za EU ziwona deta yawo ikutetezedwa ku kulowerera kwa boma la US, zomwe ndi zabwino kwa iwo. Kutetezedwa kwina sikungakhale kothandiza, kapena kupitilira kukhumudwa komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha zokambirana zosatha za zilolezo ndi zinthu zosayenera. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa njira zosinthira atsogoleri okhazikitsidwa ndizotheka kuchepa, makamaka poyerekeza ndi United States.
Ndizokayikitsanso kuti opikisana nawo aku Europe azitha kudzaza niche iyi. Kampani iliyonse yomwe ikufuna kuti ifike pamlingo ikuyenera kuzichita pamsika wawo woyamba isanakulire kutsidya lanyanja, koma zikuwoneka kuti Europe ikhala msika wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri wamakampani omwe achita zonyansazo ndikumanga m'misika yomwe ili. otseguka kwambiri poyesera komanso osakakamizidwa. Kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo kumatanthawuza chikhumbo chowonjezeka cha kupambana, kotero chitsanzo chotsimikiziridwa chidzakhala ndi mwayi kuposa zongopeka.
Choyipa kwambiri ndichakuti, malinga ndi malingaliro a EU, njira iyi ilibe phindu kwa maboma aku Europe. Ndilo vuto pakuwongolera ndi malamulo - osayang'ana pakukula, ndizovuta kupanga zinthu zopambana.
Indian model
Msika waku India nthawi zonse umakhala wosiyana pang'ono: pomwe makampani akunja achita momasuka pazamalonda a digito, ndichifukwa chake dzikolo lili ndi anthu ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito makampani aku America monga Google ndi Facebook ndi makampani aku China ngati TikTok, India atenga. njira yokhwima kwambiri pa nkhani zokhudzana ndi msinkhu wamakono wamakono. Izi zikuphatikiza mitengo yayikulu pazamagetsi komanso kuletsa ndalama zakunja kumadera monga malonda a e-commerce. Kuphatikiza apo, India nthawi zonse yakhala imodzi mwamisika yovuta kwambiri pokhudzana ndi intaneti komanso mayendedwe.
Nthawi yomweyo, msika waku India ndiwoyesa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwa makampani aukadaulo aku America ndi China, omwe adzaza kale misika yapakhomo. Izi zimabweretsa mikangano yosalekeza pakati pamakampani aukadaulo akunja ndi owongolera aku India - zikhale choncho Facebook kuti ikhazikitse pulogalamu ya Free Basics [kufikira pazida zapaintaneti popanda kulipira pa intaneti / pafupifupi. transl.] kapena malipiro kudzera pa WhatsApp, kapena kudzera pa intaneti yolembedwa ndi Amazon ndi Flipkart, kapena, posachedwa, momveka bwino pazifukwa zachitetezo cha dziko.
Komabe, m'miyezi ingapo yapitayi, makampani aukadaulo aku US ayamba kudziwa momwe angathanirane ndi ntchito yosathekayi, ndipo izi zikuwonetsa kutuluka kwa intaneti yachinayi: yikani ndalama ku Jio Platforms.
Bet pa Jio
ndi omwe amapereka chithandizo chachikulu pa telecom ku India, chimodzi mwazitsanzo zomveka bwino za kuchuluka kwa phindu lomwe limapangidwa ndi kubetcha pa msika wothandizidwa ndiukadaulo [Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited, gawo la Jio Platforms, lomwe ndi gawo la Reliance Industries Limited / pafupifupi. kumasulira]. Zachuma za kubetcha uku ndi munthu wolemera kwambiri ku India , Ndinafotokoza m'modzi mwa anga :
Chinsinsi chomvetsetsa kubetcha kwa Ambani ndikuti ngakhale ena onse odziwika bwino oyendetsa mafoni ku India, monga oyendetsa mafoni padziko lonse lapansi, adamanga ntchito zawo paukadaulo wamayimbidwe amawu, pomwe deta idayikidwa pamwamba pake, Jio idamangidwa mwachindunji pazidziwitso. network - makamaka, 4G.
- 4G, mosiyana ndi 2G ndi 3G, sichigwirizana ndi ma switch achikhalidwe. Kuyimba kwa mawu kumakonzedwa mofanana ndi deta ina.
- Popeza chilichonse pa intaneti ndi data, maukonde a 4G amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida wamba zomwe zimapezeka pakugulitsa kwaulere, zomwe sizinganene za maukonde a 2G ndi 3G.
- Popeza Jio imapereka netiweki ya data, kuyimba kwamawu, komwe kumawononga gawo laling'ono la bandwidth, kunali kotsika mtengo kwambiri pa mautumiki onse operekedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kunali kopanda malire.
Mwanjira ina, kubetcha pa Jio kunali kubetcha paziro - kapena, osachepera, kumawononga ndalama zochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe opikisana nawo. Choncho, njira yabwino kwambiri yachitukuko chake inali kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri poyambira, ndiyeno yesetsani kutumikira ogula ambiri kuti apeze phindu lalikulu pa ndalama zoyamba.
Izi ndi zomwe Jio adachita: idawononga $ 32 biliyoni kuti ipange netiweki yomwe idaphimba dziko lonse la India, idayambitsa ntchito zopereka ma data aulere ndi mafoni aulere m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira, ndipo pambuyo pake kuyimba kwamawu kudakhalabe kwaulere, ndipo zolipiritsa za data zinali chabe. ndalama zingapo pa gigabyte. Unali kubetcherana kwachikale kwa Silicon Valley: gwiritsani ntchito ndalama poyambira, kenako ndikupeza ndalama zambiri chifukwa chanyumba yayikulu yomangidwa paukadaulo wotchipa.
Chomwe chimapangitsa nkhaniyi kukhala yokakamiza ndikusiyana ndi momwe Facebook imavomerezera dongosolo la Free Basics:
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yomwe Zuckerberg amakhulupirira kuti iyenera kuchitidwa: kupeza mazana a mamiliyoni a Amwenye, gawo lalikulu la iwo omwe amakhala m'madera osauka kwambiri a dziko, olumikizidwa ndi intaneti. Koma mosiyana ndi Zoyambira Zaulere, adalumikizana ndi zida zonse za intaneti.
Ndipo sikulinso kufotokozera kokhutiritsa kwa momwe ntchito ya Jio ilili yabwino kwambiri kwa Amwenye kuposa chilichonse chomwe Free Basics chingapereke: Zuckerberg alibe malingaliro osintha machitidwe akale olumikizirana mafoni ku India, komwe ogwiritsa ntchito amayang'ana kwambiri kuyika ndalama m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi cholinga. gawo olemera kwambiri la anthu, pamene kupempha kwambiri ntchito kuti iye ananena mosapita mβmbali kuti zimenezi zimaswa ngakhale mfundo za makhalidwe abwino. M'dziko lotere, kupezeka kwa Amwenye osauka ku Facebook sikungachuluke kwambiri, chifukwa sipangakhale chifukwa chogulira ndalama m'makampani omwe sagwirizana ndi Free Basics. M'malo mwake, tsopano alibe intaneti yonse, koma makampani ochokera ku India ndi China kupita ku United States akupikisana kuti awatumikire.
Ndinalemba nkhani ya momwe Facebook idagulira gawo la 5,7% mu Jio Platforms kwa $ 10 biliyoni; zidapezeka kuti iyi inali yoyamba mwa ndalama zambiri ku Jio:
- Mu May, Silver Lake Partners adagula magawo 790% kwa $ 1,15 miliyoni, General Atlantic adagula magawo 930% kwa $ 1,34 miliyoni, KKR adagula magawo 2,32% kwa $ 1,6 biliyoni.
- Mu June, ndalama zodziyimira pawokha za Mubadala ndi Adia zochokera ku UAE ndi thumba lodziyimira pawokha lochokera ku Saudi Arabia linagula 1,85% ya magawo $1,3 biliyoni, 1,16% ya magawowo $800 miliyoni ndi 2,32% $1,6 biliyoni, motsatana. Silver Lake Partners inaperekanso $640 miliyoni pamtengo wa 2,08%, TPG inapereka $640 miliyoni pamtengo wa 0.93%, ndipo Catterton inapereka $270 miliyoni pamtengo wa 0.39%. Kuphatikiza apo, Intel adayika $253 miliyoni, kulandira 0.39%.
- Mu Julayi, Qualcomm idayika $97 miliyoni pamtengo wa 0,15%, pomwe Google idayika $4,7 biliyoni pamtengo wa 7,7%.
Kuchulukana konseku kwandalama ku Reliance kwabweza mabiliyoni a madola omwe adabwereka kuti apange Jio. Ndipo zikuchulukirachulukira kuti zokhumba za kampaniyo zikupitilira kupitilira ntchito zosavuta zolumikizirana.
Mapulani a Jio Future
Lachitatu lapitali, polengeza za ndalama za Google ku Jio Platforms pamsonkhano wapachaka wa Reliance Industries, Ambani adati:
Choyamba, ndikufuna kugawana nanu malingaliro omwe amalimbikitsa Jio zomwe zikuchitika komanso zam'tsogolo. Kusintha kwa digito kunali kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu, kuyerekeza ndi kubadwa kwa anthu anzeru zaka 50 zapitazo. Tingawayerekezere chifukwa chakuti masiku ano anthu ayamba kuyambitsa nzeru zopanda malire mβdziko lowazungulira.
Lero tikutenga masitepe oyamba pakusinthika kwa dziko lanzeru. Ndipo mosiyana ndi kale, chisinthiko ichi chikuchitika mofulumira. Mβzaka makumi asanu ndi atatu zokha zotsala za mβzaka za zana la 20, dziko lathu lapansi lidzasintha kuposa mmene lasinthira mβzaka XNUMX zapitazi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mβmbiri ya anthu, tili ndi mwayi wothetsa mavuto aakulu amene tinatengera mβmbuyomu. Dziko lotukuka, kukongola ndi chisangalalo lidzawonekera kwa anthu onse. India iyenera kukhala patsogolo pazosintha zomwe zimapanga dziko labwino. Ndipo kuti tikwaniritse izi, anthu athu onse ndi mabizinesi akuyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi luso. Ichi ndiye cholinga cha Jio. Ichi ndi chikhumbo cha Jio.
Anzanga, Jio ndiye mtsogoleri wosatsutsika ku India masiku ano, yemwe ali ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, gawo lalikulu kwambiri lazambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa mawu, komanso netiweki yam'badwo wotsatira komanso yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikukhudza kutalika ndi kufalikira kwa dziko lathu. Zolinga za Jio zimakhala pazipilala ziwiri zolimba. Imodzi ndi kulumikizana kwa digito ndipo inayo ndi nsanja za digito.
Mwachidule, Jio atsimikiza mtima kukwaniritsa maloto omwe akhala akulephera kwa opereka ma telecom m'maiko ena: kuchoka kuzinthu zotsika mtengo kupita ku ntchito zotsika mtengo. Zolinga za Ambani zimawoneka bwino:
Media, ndalama, malonda, maphunziro, zaumoyo, ulimi, mizinda yanzeru, kupanga mwanzeru ndi kuyenda
Jio ali ndi mwayi wowagwiritsa ntchito chifukwa cha kusiyana kutatu kofunikira ndi zomwe matelefoni amachita m'misika ina:
- Jio yapanga gawo lalikulu pamsika momwe ingagwire ntchito. Ngati Verizon ku US kapena NTT DoCoMo ku Japan ikupereka ntchito pamsika wampikisano wapa telecom, Jio ndiye njira yokhayo kwa amwenye ambiri (ndipo kwa omwe ali ndi mwayi, Jio ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha netiweki ya IP, yomwe imatha perekani katundu wowonjezera).
- M'malo mothamangitsa makampani ngati Facebook kapena Google, omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika waku India, Jio akugwirizana nawo.
- Jio ikudziyika ngati ngwazi yaku India komanso kampani yomwe imathandizira mtundu wonse waku India.
Onani momwe Ambani adavumbulutsira mapulani a Jio a 5G:
Jio's 4G yayikulu komanso fiber network imayendetsedwa ndi matekinoloje angapo ofunikira apulogalamu ndi zida zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mainjiniya achichepere akampani kuno ku India. Kuthekera uku komanso kudziwa momwe kampaniyo yapezera maudindo a Jio patsogolo pa chochitika china chosangalatsa: 5G.
Lero, abwenzi, ndikunyadira kwambiri kuti ndikulengeza kuti Jio adapanga ndikupanga yankho lathunthu la 5G kuyambira pansi. Izi zidzatithandiza kukhazikitsa mautumiki apamwamba a 5G ku India pogwiritsa ntchito 100% matekinoloje achilengedwe ndi zothetsera. Mayankho awa, omangidwa ku India, adzakhala okonzeka posachedwa zivomerezo za 5G spectrum zilandiridwa ndipo zidzakhala zokonzeka kutumizidwa chaka chamawa. Ndipo popeza mapangidwe onse a Jio adakhazikitsidwa ndi ma IP, titha kukweza maukonde athu a 4G kukhala 5G.
Mayankho a Jio akadzatsimikizira kuti atheka pamlingo waku India, nsanja za kampaniyo zitha kukhala pamalo abwino kutumiza mayankho a 5G kwa ena ogwira ntchito pa telecom padziko lonse lapansi ngati ntchito yothandizidwa mokwanira. Ndimapereka mayankho a Jio a 5G kuti alimbikitse tsogolo la Prime Minister ""[kwenikweni, pakulowetsa m'malo ndi kudzikwanira kwa dziko ndi chilichonse chofunikira / pafupifupi trans.].
Anzanga, Jio Platform idapangidwa kuti izikhala ndi luntha momwe tingawonetsere mphamvu yosinthira yaukadaulo m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuti tithandizire ku India ndikubweretsa molimba mtima mayankho aku India padziko lapansi.
Musaganize kuti maukonde a Jio ndi ntchito yake yazaka zambiri pa 5G idalimbikitsidwa ndi chilengezo cha PM Modi miyezi iwiri yapitayo. Kutsimikiza kwa Ambani kumapereka lingaliro la gawo lomwe Jio adzachite malinga ndi omwe amagulitsa ndalama monga Facebook ndi Google:
- Jio adzagwiritsa ntchito ndalamazi kuti akhale wothandizira yekha telecom ku India.
- Jio ndiye njira yokhayo yomwe boma limatha kuwongolera intaneti ndikusonkhanitsa gawo lake la phindu.
- Jio akukhala mkhalapakati wodalirika wamakampani akunja kuti agwiritse ntchito msika waku India; inde, akuyenera kugawana phindu ndi Jio, koma pobwezera kampaniyo ithetsa zopinga zonse zowongolera ndi zomangamanga zomwe ambiri adapunthwa kale nazo.
Chosangalatsa panjira iyi ndikuti mndandanda wa opambana ndi otayika umakhala wosawoneka bwino mwachangu. Kumbali imodzi, Jio yabweretsa intaneti kwa mazana mamiliyoni a amwenye omwe sakanatha kuyipeza, ndipo phindu la ndalamazi lidzangowonjezereka pamene ntchito za Jio ndi mgwirizano zikufika. Kumbali ina, choyipa ndi kukhalapo kwa munthu wodzilamulira yekha, makamaka pankhani ya boma lomwe lidawonetsa kuti likufuna kuwonjezera kuwongolera kayendetsedwe kazinthu.
Zotsatira zachuma ndizosamveka. Ma monopolies nthawi zonse akhala osagwira ntchito pazachuma. Kumbali ina, ngati kuyendetsa bwino kwa msika kumatanthauza kuti phindu lonse lidzapita ku Silicon Valley, chifukwa chiyani India ayenera kuda nkhawa ndikuchita bwino? Pamsika woyendetsedwa ndi Jio, makampani aku US apeza ndalama zochepa kuposa momwe akanachitira, komabe India samangotolera misonkho yambiri, komanso atha kupindula kwambiri ndi katswiri wadziko lonse Jio kupita kutsidya lina m'kupita kwanthawi.
Indian counterweight
Zikuchulukirachulukira - kapena kusasamala - kuwunika makampani aukadaulo, makamaka osewera ake akuluakulu, osaganizira zazandale. Chifukwa cha izi, ndimalandira mapulani a Jio. Kungakhale kupanda nzeru komanso kupanda ulemu kuti dziko la US litenge dziko la India ngati dziko lotsika mwaukadaulo. Kuphatikiza apo, zikhala bwino kuti mayiko agwirizane ndi China, ponseponse komanso pakati pa mayiko onse omwe akutukuka kumene. Jio ikuthana ndi zolinga zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa ndi makampani aku America chatekinoloje, ndipo izi sizikukhudza India kokha komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Koma Facebook, Google, Intel, Qualcomm, ndi ena onse ayenera kusamala. Kwa kampani ndi dziko lomwe liri ndi njira yakeyake, ndi njira chabe yopititsira patsogolo. Sindikunena kuti ndalamazi ndizolakwika (ndikuganiza kuti ndi zabwino) - koma njira ya ku India ikuwoneka ngati anthu ambiri komanso okonda dziko kuposa momwe anthu aku America angakonde. Komabe, sikutsutsanabe ndi ufulu waku Western monga chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha China, ndipo ndichofunikira kwambiri.
Funso lokhalo lomwe latsala ndi komwe Europe ipita - ndipo chithunzi chonsecho chikukhala choyipa kwambiri:
Intaneti ya ku Ulaya, mosiyana ndi America, China kapena Indian, ilibe mapulani amtsogolo. Ngati simukuchita kalikonse ndikungonena kuti "ayi," mudzakhala ndi chithunzi chomvetsa chisoni cha momwe zinthu zilili, momwe ndalama zimafunikira kwambiri kuposa zatsopano.
Source: www.habr.com