Infrastructure as Code: momwe mungagonjetsere mavuto pogwiritsa ntchito XP

Moni, Habr! M'mbuyomu, ndidadandaula za moyo mu Infrastructure monga code paradigm ndipo sindinapereke chilichonse kuti ndithetse zomwe zikuchitika. Lero ndabweranso kuti ndikuuzeni njira ndi machitidwe omwe angakuthandizeni kuthawa kuphompho la kutaya mtima ndikuwongolera zinthu m'njira yoyenera.

Munkhani yapita "Infrastructure monga code: kudziwana koyamba" Ndinagawana zomwe ndikuwona m'derali, ndikuyesera kulingalira momwe zinthu zilili m'derali, ndipo ndinanenanso kuti machitidwe omwe amadziwika ndi onse opanga mapulogalamu angathandize. Zingawoneke kuti panali madandaulo ambiri okhudza moyo, koma panalibe malingaliro a njira yotulutsira momwe zinthu zilili pano.

Ndife ndani, tili kuti ndi mavuto ati omwe tili nawo

Pakali pano tili mu Gulu la Sre Onboarding, lomwe lili ndi opanga mapulogalamu asanu ndi limodzi ndi mainjiniya atatu a zomangamanga. Tonse tikuyesera kulemba Infrastructure monga code (IaC). Timachita izi chifukwa timadziwa kulemba kachidindo ndikukhala ndi mbiri yokhala "oposa avareji" opanga.

• Tili ndi ubwino wambiri: maziko ena, chidziwitso cha machitidwe, luso lolemba code, chikhumbo chophunzira zinthu zatsopano.
• Ndipo pali gawo locheperako, lomwe lilinso laling'ono: kusowa kwa chidziwitso pazachitukuko.

Tekinoloje yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mu IaC yathu.

• Terraform popanga zinthu.
• Packer yosonkhanitsa zithunzi. Izi ndi zithunzi za Windows, CentOS 7.
• Jsonnet kuti apange zomangamanga zamphamvu mu drone.io, komanso kupanga packer json ndi ma module athu a terraform.
• Azure.
• Ansible pokonza zithunzi.
• Python yothandizira ntchito ndi kupereka zolemba.
• Ndipo zonsezi mu VSCode ndi mapulagini omwe amagawidwa pakati pa mamembala a gulu.

Kumaliza kwanga nkhani yapitayi zinali zonga izi: Ndinayesera kuyika (choyamba mwa ine ndekha) chiyembekezo, ndinkafuna kunena kuti tidzayesa njira ndi machitidwe omwe timadziwa kuti tithane ndi zovuta ndi zovuta zomwe zilipo m'derali.

Pakadali pano tikulimbana ndi zovuta za IaC zotsatirazi:

• Kupanda ungwiro kwa zida ndi njira zopangira ma code.
• Kutumiza kwapang'onopang'ono. Zomangamanga ndi gawo ladziko lenileni, ndipo zimatha kuchedwa.
• Kusowa njira ndi machitidwe.
• Ndife atsopano ndipo sitidziwa zambiri.

Extreme Programming (XP) kupulumutsa

Madivelopa onse amadziwa Extreme Programming (XP) ndi machitidwe omwe amatsatira. Ambiri aife tagwira ntchito ndi njira imeneyi, ndipo yakhala yopambana. Ndiye bwanji osagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ndi machitidwe omwe ali pamenepo kuthana ndi zovuta za zomangamanga? Tinaganiza zotengera njira iyi ndikuwona zomwe zimachitika.

Kuyang'ana kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya XP pamakampani anuNayi malongosoledwe a chilengedwe chomwe XP ili yoyenera, komanso momwe ikugwirizira kwa ife:

1. Zofunikira zosintha mapulogalamu. Zinali zomveka kwa ife chomwe cholinga chomaliza chinali. Koma tsatanetsatane akhoza kusiyana. Ife tokha timasankha komwe tifunika kukwera taxi, kotero zofunikira zimasintha nthawi ndi nthawi (makamaka tokha). Ngati titenga gulu la SRE, lomwe limadzipangira lokha, ndipo lokha limachepetsa zofunikira ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ndiye kuti mfundoyi ikugwirizana bwino.

2. Zowopsa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mapulojekiti anthawi yokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano. Tingakumane ndi zoopsa tikamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zomwe sitikuzidziwa. Ndipo ichi ndi 100% mlandu wathu. Ntchito yathu yonse inali kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje omwe sitinkawadziwa bwino. Kawirikawiri, izi ndizovuta nthawi zonse, chifukwa ... Pali matekinoloje atsopano ambiri omwe akutuluka mu gawo la zomangamanga nthawi zonse.

3,4. Gulu lachitukuko laling'ono, lokhala limodzi. Tekinoloje yodzichitira yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito imalola kuyesa mayunitsi ndi magwiridwe antchito. Mfundo ziwirizi sizikutikhudza. Choyamba, sife gulu logwirizana, ndipo kachiwiri, pali asanu ndi anayi a ife, omwe angatengedwe ngati gulu lalikulu. Ngakhale, malinga ndi matanthauzo ena a gulu "lalikulu", ambiri ndi anthu 14+.

Tiyeni tiwone machitidwe ena a XP ndi momwe amakhudzira kuthamanga ndi mtundu wa mayankho.

XP Feedback Loop Principle

Mukumvetsetsa kwanga, mayankho ndi yankho ku funso, kodi ndikuchita zoyenera, tikupita kumeneko? XP ili ndi dongosolo laumulungu pa izi: nthawi yobwerezabwereza. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti m'munsi tili, mofulumira timatha kupeza OS kuyankha mafunso ofunikira.

Uwu ndi mutu wosangalatsa wokambirana, kuti mumakampani athu a IT ndizotheka kupeza OS mwachangu. Tangoganizirani momwe zimapwetekera kupanga polojekiti kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kenako n'kupeza kuti panali cholakwika pachiyambi. Izi zimachitika pamapangidwe komanso pakumanga kulikonse kwa machitidwe ovuta.

Kwa ife IaC, mayankho amatithandiza. Ndipanga kusintha pang'ono pa chithunzi pamwambapa: dongosolo lomasulidwa lilibe mwezi uliwonse, koma limapezeka kangapo patsiku. Pali machitidwe ena omangika pamayendedwe a OS awa omwe tiwona mwatsatanetsatane.

Chofunika: ndemanga zitha kukhala yankho ku zovuta zonse zomwe tafotokozazi. Kuphatikiza ndi machitidwe a XP, imatha kukutulutsani kuphompho la kutaya mtima.

Momwe mungadzichotsere ku phompho la kutaya mtima: machitidwe atatu

Mayesero

Mayesero amatchulidwa kawiri muzokambirana za XP. Siziri monga choncho. Ndizofunikira kwambiri panjira yonse ya Extreme Programming.

Zimaganiziridwa kuti muli ndi mayeso a Unit ndi Acceptance. Ena amakupatsirani mayankho m'mphindi zochepa, ena m'masiku ochepa, kotero amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti alembe ndipo amawunikidwa pafupipafupi.

Pali piramidi yoyesera yachikale, yomwe imasonyeza kuti payenera kukhala mayesero ambiri.

Kodi chimangochi chimagwira ntchito bwanji kwa ife mu polojekiti ya IaC? Kwenikweni... ayi.

• Mayeso a unit, ngakhale payenera kukhala ambiri, sangakhale ochuluka. Kapena akuyesa china chake mosalunjika. Ndipotu tinganene kuti sitilemba n’komwe. Koma nayi mapulogalamu angapo a mayeso otere omwe tidatha kuchita:
  1. Kuyesa jsonnet kodi. Izi, mwachitsanzo, ndi payipi yathu yolumikizira ma drone, yomwe ndi yovuta kwambiri. Khodi ya jsonnet imakutidwa bwino ndi mayeso.
     Timagwiritsa ntchito izi Chida choyesera cha Jsonnet.
  2. Mayesero a malemba omwe amachitidwa pamene gwero likuyamba. Zolemba zimalembedwa mu Python, choncho mayesero akhoza kulembedwa pa iwo.
• Ndizotheka kuyang'ana kasinthidwe mumayeso, koma sitichita izi. Ndikothekanso kukhazikitsa malamulo osinthira gwero kudzera tflint. Komabe, cheke chomwe chilipo ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa terraform, koma zolemba zambiri zoyeserera zimalembedwera AWS. Ndipo tili pa Azure, kotero izi sizikugwiranso ntchito.
• Mayeso ophatikizira zigawo: zimatengera momwe mumaziyika komanso komwe mumaziyika. Koma kwenikweni amagwira ntchito.

  Izi ndi momwe mayeso ophatikiza amawonekera.

  
  
  Ichi ndi chitsanzo pomanga zithunzi mu Drone CI. Kuti muwafikire, muyenera kudikirira mphindi 30 kuti chithunzi cha Packer chipangidwe, kenako dikirani mphindi 15 kuti adutse. Koma alipo!

  Algorithm yotsimikizira zithunzi

  1. Packer ayenera choyamba kukonzekera fano kwathunthu.
  2. Pafupi ndi mayesowo pali terraform yokhala ndi dera lapafupi, lomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuyika chithunzichi.
  3. Potsegula, module yaing'ono yomwe ili pafupi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi chithunzicho.
  4. VM ikangotumizidwa kuchokera pachithunzichi, macheke amatha kuyamba. Kwenikweni, macheke amachitidwa ndi galimoto. Imayang'ana momwe zolembera zimagwirira ntchito poyambira komanso momwe ma daemoni amagwirira ntchito. Kuti tichite izi, kudzera pa ssh kapena winrm timalowa mu makina omwe angokwezedwa kumene ndikuyang'ana momwe kasinthidwe aliri kapena ngati ntchitozo zakwera.

• Zomwe zilili ndizofanana ndi mayeso ophatikiza muma module a terraform. Pano pali tebulo lalifupi lofotokozera za mayesero otere.

  
  
  Ndemanga pa pipeline ndi pafupi mphindi 40. Chilichonse chimachitika kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobwerera m'mbuyo, koma pachitukuko chatsopano nthawi zambiri sichikhala chenicheni. Ngati mwakonzekera kwambiri izi, konzekerani zolemba, ndiye mutha kuzichepetsa mpaka mphindi 10. Koma awa akadali si mayeso a Unit, omwe amapanga zidutswa 5 mumasekondi 100.

Kusapezeka kwa mayeso a Unit posonkhanitsa zithunzi kapena ma module a terraform kumalimbikitsa kusintha ntchitoyo kuti isiyanitse ntchito zomwe zitha kuyendetsedwa kudzera pa REST, kapena zolemba za Python.

Mwachitsanzo, tinkafunika kuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo akayamba, azilembetsa okha muutumiki ScaleFT, ndipo makinawo atawonongeka, adadzichotsa okha.

Popeza tili ndi ScaleFT ngati ntchito, timakakamizika kugwira nawo ntchito kudzera mu API. Panali chokulunga cholembedwa pamenepo chomwe mungachikoke ndi kunena kuti: “Lowani ndi kuchotsa izi ndi izo.” Imasunga zoikamo zonse zofunika ndi kupeza.

Titha kulemba kale mayeso wamba pa izi, popeza sizosiyana ndi mapulogalamu wamba: mtundu wina wa apiha umanyozedwa, mumaukoka, ndikuwona zomwe zimachitika.

Zotsatira za mayesero: Kuyesa kwa unit, komwe kuyenera kupereka OS mu miniti, sikumapereka. Ndipo mitundu yoyesera pamwamba pa piramidi ndi yothandiza, koma imaphimba gawo limodzi la mavuto.

Gwirizanitsani mapulogalamu

Mayesero ali, ndithudi, abwino. Mutha kulemba zambiri mwazo, zitha kukhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Adzagwira ntchito pamilingo yawo ndikutipatsa mayankho. Koma vuto la mayeso oyipa a Unit, omwe amapereka OS yachangu kwambiri, amakhalabe. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikufunabe OS yothamanga yomwe ndi yosavuta komanso yosangalatsa kugwira nayo ntchito. Osanenanso za ubwino wa zotsatira zake. Mwamwayi, pali njira zomwe zimatha kupereka mayankho mwachangu kuposa kuyesa mayunitsi. Awa ndi mapulogalamu awiri.

Mukalemba kachidindo, mukufuna kupeza mayankho pamtundu wake mwachangu momwe mungathere. Inde, mukhoza kulemba chirichonse mu gawo la nthambi (kuti musathyole chirichonse kwa aliyense), pangani pempho kukoka ku Github, perekani kwa munthu amene maganizo ake ali ndi kulemera kwake, ndipo dikirani yankho.

Koma mukhoza kudikira nthawi yaitali. Anthu onse ali otanganidwa, ndipo yankho, ngakhale litakhalapo, silingakhale lapamwamba kwambiri. Tiyerekeze kuti yankho lidabwera nthawi yomweyo, wowunikirayo adamvetsetsa lingaliro lonselo, koma yankho limabwera mochedwa, pambuyo pake. Ndikanakonda zikadakhalapo kale. Izi ndi zomwe mapulogalamu awiriwa amafuna - nthawi yomweyo, panthawi yolemba.

Pansipa pali mitundu iwiri yamapulogalamu ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito pa IaC:

1. Wakale, Wodziwa + Wodziwa, sinthani ndi nthawi. Maudindo awiri - dalaivala ndi navigator. Anthu awiri. Amagwira ntchito pama code omwewo ndikusintha maudindo pakatha nthawi yodziwikiratu.

Taganizirani kugwirizana kwa mavuto athu ndi kalembedwe:

• Vuto: Kupanda ungwiro kwa zida ndi zida zopangira ma code.
  Zotsatira zoyipa: zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zikule, timachedwetsa, liwiro / kamvekedwe ka ntchito kamasokonekera.
  Momwe timamenyera: timagwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana, IDE wamba komanso timaphunzira njira zazifupi.
• Vuto: Kutumiza kwapang'onopang'ono.
  Zotsatira zoyipa: kumawonjezera nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti mupange code yogwira ntchito. Timatopa tikudikira, manja athu amatambasula kuti tichite zina pamene tikudikira.
  Momwe timamenyera: sitinapambane.
• Vuto: kusowa njira ndi machitidwe.
  Zotsatira zoyipa: palibe chidziwitso cha momwe angachitire bwino komanso momwe angachitire bwino. Imatalikitsa kulandila kwa mayankho.
  Momwe timamenyera: kugawana malingaliro ndi machitidwe muntchito ziwiri pafupifupi kuthetsa vutoli.

Vuto lalikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe kameneka mu IaC ndikuyenda kosagwirizana kwa ntchito. Mu chikhalidwe mapulogalamu chitukuko, muli yunifolomu kayendedwe. Mutha kuthera mphindi zisanu ndikulemba N. Gwiritsani mphindi 10 ndikulemba 2N, mphindi 15 - 3N. Pano mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphindi zisanu ndikulemba N, ndiyeno mutenge mphindi 30 ndikulemba gawo lakhumi la N. Pano simukudziwa kalikonse, mumakakamira, opusa. Kufufuza kumatenga nthawi ndikusokoneza pulogalamu yokha.

Kutsiliza: mu mawonekedwe ake oyera si oyenera kwa ife.

2. Ping-pong. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo munthu m'modzi kulemba mayeso ndipo wina amawagwiritsa ntchito. Poganizira kuti zonse ndizovuta ndi mayeso a Unit, ndipo muyenera kulemba mayeso ophatikiza omwe amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti akonzekere, kumasuka konse kwa ping-pong kumachoka.

Ndikhoza kunena kuti tinayesera kulekanitsa maudindo popanga script yoyesera ndikugwiritsa ntchito code yake. Wophunzira wina adadza ndi zolembazo, mu gawo ili la ntchito yomwe anali nayo udindo, anali ndi mawu otsiriza. Ndipo winayo anali ndi udindo wokhazikitsa. Zinayenda bwino. Ubwino wa script ndi njira iyi ukuwonjezeka.

Kutsiliza: Tsoka, kuthamanga kwa ntchito sikulola kugwiritsa ntchito ping-pong ngati njira yopangira mapulogalamu awiri mu IaC.

3.Strong Style. Zovuta kuchita. Lingaliro ndiloti wotenga nawo mbali m'modzi amakhala woyang'anira wotsogolera, ndipo wachiwiri amatenga udindo wa dalaivala wakupha. Pamenepa, ufulu wosankha zisankho umakhala ndi woyendetsa basi. Dalaivala amangosindikiza ndipo amatha kukhudza zomwe zikuchitika ndi mawu. Maudindo sasintha kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zabwino pophunzira, koma zimafunikira luso lofewa lamphamvu. Apa ndi pamene tinalephera. Njirayi inali yovuta. Ndipo sizili ngakhale za zomangamanga.

Kutsiliza: itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, sitikusiya kuyesa.

4. Kusamuka, kuchulukana ndi masitayelo onse odziwika koma osatchulidwa Sitikuziganizira, chifukwa Sitinayesepo ndipo ndizosatheka kuyankhula za izo muzochitika za ntchito yathu.

Zotsatira zanthawi zonse pakugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu awiriawiri:

• Tili ndi liwiro losagwirizana la ntchito, zomwe zimasokoneza.
• Tinakumana ndi luso lofewa losakwanira. Ndipo gawo la phunziroli silithandiza kuthana ndi zophophonya zathu izi.
• Mayesero aatali ndi zovuta za zida zimapangitsa kuti chitukuko cha awiriawiri chikhale chovuta.

5. Ngakhale izi zinali zopambana. Tinabwera ndi njira yathu "Convergence - Divergence". Ndifotokoza mwachidule momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Tili ndi anzathu okhazikika kwa masiku angapo (osakwana sabata). Timagwira ntchito imodzi pamodzi. Timakhala pamodzi kwa kanthawi: wina amalemba, wina amakhala ndikuyang'ana gulu lothandizira. Kenako timabalalika kwakanthawi, aliyense amachita zinthu zodziyimira pawokha, kenako timakumananso, kulumikizana mwachangu, kuchita china chake ndikubalalikanso.

Kukonzekera ndi kulankhulana

Chotsatira chomaliza cha machitidwe omwe mavuto a OS amathetsedwa ndi bungwe la ntchito ndi ntchito zomwezo. Izi zikuphatikizanso kusinthana kwa zochitika zomwe zili kunja kwa ntchito ziwiri. Tiyeni tiwone machitidwe atatu:

1. Zolinga kudzera mumtengo wa zolinga. Tinakonza kasamalidwe ka polojekitiyi kudzera mumtengo womwe umapita kosatha mtsogolo. Mwaukadaulo, kutsatiraku kumachitika ku Miro. Pali ntchito imodzi - ndi cholinga chapakati. Kuchokera pa izo kupita kapena zolinga zing'onozing'ono kapena magulu a ntchito. Ntchito zomwezo zimachokera kwa iwo. Ntchito zonse zimapangidwa ndikusamalidwa pa bolodi ili.

Chiwembuchi chimaperekanso ndemanga, zomwe zimachitika kamodzi patsiku tikamalumikizana pamisonkhano. Kukhala ndi ndondomeko yofanana pamaso pa aliyense, koma yokonzedwa bwino komanso yotseguka, imalola aliyense kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika komanso momwe tapitira patsogolo.

Ubwino wa masomphenya a ntchito:

• Causality. Ntchito iliyonse imatsogolera ku cholinga chapadziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito zimagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Dera la zomangamanga palokha ndilopanga luso. Sizidziwika nthawi zonse zomwe zimakhudza, mwachitsanzo, kulemba runbook pakusamukira ku nginx ina pabizinesi. Kukhala ndi khadi lolowera pafupi kumamveketsa bwino.
  
  Causality ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha zovuta. Imayankha mwachindunji funso: "Kodi ndikuchita zoyenera?"
• Kufanana. Tilipo asanu ndi anayi aife, ndipo ndizosatheka kuponya aliyense pa ntchito imodzi. Ntchito zochokera kudera limodzi sizingakhale zokwanira nthawi zonse. Timakakamizika kufananiza ntchito pakati pamagulu ang'onoang'ono ogwira ntchito. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, magulu amakhala pa ntchito yawo kwa nthawi ndithu, akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi wina. Nthawi zina anthu amachoka pagululi. Wina amapita kutchuthi, wina amapanga lipoti la DevOps conf, wina amalemba nkhani pa Habr. Kudziwa zolinga ndi ntchito zomwe zingathe kuchitidwa mofanana kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.

2. Olowa m'malo owonetsa misonkhano ya m'mawa. Poyimilira timakhala ndi vuto ili - anthu amachita ntchito zambiri mofanana. Nthawi zina ntchito zimalumikizidwa mosasamala ndipo palibe kumvetsetsa kuti ndani akuchita chiyani. Ndipo maganizo a membala wina wa timu ndi ofunika kwambiri. Izi ndi zina zowonjezera zomwe zingasinthe njira yothetsera vutoli. Zachidziwikire, nthawi zambiri pamakhala wina ndi inu, koma malangizo ndi malangizo ndi othandiza nthawi zonse.

Kuti tichite izi, tidagwiritsa ntchito njira ya "Changing the Leading Stand-Up". Tsopano amazunguliridwa molingana ndi mndandanda wina, ndipo izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zake. Ikafika nthawi yanu, mumakakamizika kulowa mkati ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika kuti muyendetse msonkhano wabwino wa Scrum.

3. Chiwonetsero chamkati. Thandizo pothana ndi vuto kuchokera ku mapulogalamu awiri, kuwonetseratu pamtengo wamavuto ndi kuthandizira pamisonkhano ya scrum m'mawa ndizabwino, koma sizoyenera. Monga banja, mumachepetsedwa ndi chidziwitso chanu. Mtengo wa ntchito umathandizira kuti padziko lonse lapansi amvetsetse yemwe akuchita chiyani. Ndipo wowonetsera ndi anzake pamsonkhano wa m'mawa sangalowe m'mavuto anu. Iwo ndithudi akhoza kuphonya chinachake.

Yankho linapezeka posonyeza ntchito imene yachitidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake ndiyeno kukambirana. Timakumana kamodzi pa sabata kwa ola limodzi ndikuwonetsa tsatanetsatane wa mayankho ku ntchito zomwe tachita sabata yatha.

Pachiwonetsero, ndikofunikira kuwulula tsatanetsatane wa ntchitoyo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito.

Lipotilo likhoza kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito cheke.1. Lowani munkhani. Kodi ntchitoyi inachokera kuti, chifukwa chiyani inali yofunika?

2. Kodi vutoli linathetsedwa bwanji kale? Mwachitsanzo, kudina kwakukulu kwa mbewa kunali kofunika, kapena kunali kosatheka kuchita kalikonse.

3. Momwe timawongolera. Mwachitsanzo: "Tawonani, tsopano pali scriptosik, nayi readme."

4. Onetsani momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Iwo m'pofunika kuti mwachindunji kukhazikitsa ena wosuta zochitika. Ndikufuna X, ndikuchita Y, ndikuwona Y (kapena Z). Mwachitsanzo, ndimatumiza NGINX, kusuta ulalo, ndikupeza 200 OK. Ngati chochitikacho chiri chachitali, konzani pasadakhale kuti mudzachiwonetse mtsogolo. Ndikoyenera kuti musaphwanye ola limodzi musanayambe chiwonetsero, ngati chiri chofooka.

5. Fotokozani mmene vutolo linathetsedwa bwino lomwe, ndi zovuta zotani zomwe zatsala, zomwe sizinamalizidwe, ndi zosintha zomwe zingatheke mtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, tsopano CLI, ndiye padzakhala zonse zokha mu CI.

Ndikoyenera kuti wokamba nkhani aliyense azisunga kwa mphindi 5-10. Ngati zolankhula zanu mwachiwonekere ndizofunikira ndipo zidzatenga nthawi yayitali, gwirizanitsani izi pasadakhale mu njira yolandirira sre-takeover.

Pambuyo pa gawo la maso ndi maso nthawi zonse pamakhala kukambirana mu ulusi. Apa ndipamene mayankho omwe timafunikira pa ntchito zathu amawonekera.

Zotsatira zake, kafukufuku amachitidwa kuti adziwe phindu la zomwe zikuchitika. Izi ndi ndemanga pa chiyambi cha mawu ndi kufunika kwa ntchitoyo.

Zomaliza zazitali ndi zomwe zikubwera

Zingawoneke kuti mawu a nkhaniyo ndi opanda chiyembekezo. Izi ndi zolakwika. Magawo awiri otsika a mayankho, omwe ndi mayeso ndi kupanga mapulogalamu awiri, amagwira ntchito. Osati wangwiro monga chitukuko cha chikhalidwe, koma pali zotsatira zabwino kuchokera kwa izo.

Mayesero, m'mawonekedwe ake apano, amangopereka ma code pang'ono chabe. Zosintha zambiri zimatha kukhala zosayesedwa. Chikoka chawo pa ntchito yeniyeni pamene kulemba code ndi otsika. Komabe, pali zotsatira za mayeso ophatikiza, ndipo amakulolani kuchita mopanda mantha kukonzanso. Uku ndikupambana kwakukulu. Komanso, ndikusintha kwachitukuko m'zilankhulo zapamwamba (tili ndi python, pitani), vuto limatha. Ndipo simukusowa macheke ambiri a "glue"; cheke chophatikizana ndi chokwanira.

Kugwira ntchito awiriawiri kumadalira kwambiri anthu enieni. Pali gawo la ntchito ndi luso lathu lofewa. Ndi anthu ena zimayenda bwino kwambiri, pomwe ena zimakhala zoipitsitsa. Pali zopindulitsa za izi. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ngakhale osatsatira mokwanira malamulo ogwirira ntchito awiriawiri, mfundo yochitira ntchito limodzi imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazotsatira zake. Ineyo pandekha ndimaona kuti kugwira ntchito ndi awiriawiri ndikosavuta komanso kosangalatsa.

Njira zapamwamba zokhudzira OS - kukonzekera ndikugwira ntchito ndi ntchito kumabweretsa zotsatira zake: kusinthana kwa chidziwitso chapamwamba komanso chitukuko cha chitukuko.

Zotsatira zazifupi pamzere umodzi

• Othandizira a HR amagwira ntchito ku IaC, koma osachita bwino.
• Limbikitsani zomwe zimagwira ntchito.
• Bwerani ndi njira zanu zolipirira ndi machitidwe anu.

Source: www.habr.com