3,4. Gulu lachitukuko laling'ono, lokhala limodzi. Tekinoloje yodzichitira yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito imalola kuyesa mayunitsi ndi magwiridwe antchito. Mfundo ziwirizi sizikutikhudza. Choyamba, sife gulu logwirizana, ndipo kachiwiri, pali asanu ndi anayi a ife, omwe angatengedwe ngati gulu lalikulu. Ngakhale, malinga ndi matanthauzo ena a gulu "lalikulu", ambiri ndi anthu 14+.
Tiyeni tiwone machitidwe ena a XP ndi momwe amakhudzira kuthamanga ndi mtundu wa mayankho.
XP Feedback Loop Principle
Mukumvetsetsa kwanga, mayankho ndi yankho ku funso, kodi ndikuchita zoyenera, tikupita kumeneko? XP ili ndi dongosolo laumulungu pa izi: nthawi yobwerezabwereza. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti m'munsi tili, mofulumira timatha kupeza OS kuyankha mafunso ofunikira.
Uwu ndi mutu wosangalatsa wokambirana, kuti mumakampani athu a IT ndizotheka kupeza OS mwachangu. Tangoganizirani momwe zimapwetekera kupanga polojekiti kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kenako n'kupeza kuti panali cholakwika pachiyambi. Izi zimachitika pamapangidwe komanso pakumanga kulikonse kwa machitidwe ovuta.
Kwa ife IaC, mayankho amatithandiza. Ndipanga kusintha pang'ono pa chithunzi pamwambapa: dongosolo lomasulidwa lilibe mwezi uliwonse, koma limapezeka kangapo patsiku. Pali machitidwe ena omangika pamayendedwe a OS awa omwe tiwona mwatsatanetsatane.
Chofunika: ndemanga zitha kukhala yankho ku zovuta zonse zomwe tafotokozazi. Kuphatikiza ndi machitidwe a XP, imatha kukutulutsani kuphompho la kutaya mtima.
Momwe mungadzichotsere ku phompho la kutaya mtima: machitidwe atatu
Mayesero
Mayesero amatchulidwa kawiri muzokambirana za XP. Siziri monga choncho. Ndizofunikira kwambiri panjira yonse ya Extreme Programming.
Zimaganiziridwa kuti muli ndi mayeso a Unit ndi Acceptance. Ena amakupatsirani mayankho m'mphindi zochepa, ena m'masiku ochepa, kotero amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti alembe ndipo amawunikidwa pafupipafupi.
Kodi chimangochi chimagwira ntchito bwanji kwa ife mu polojekiti ya IaC? Kwenikweni... ayi.
Mayeso a unit, ngakhale payenera kukhala ambiri, sangakhale ochuluka. Kapena akuyesa china chake mosalunjika. Ndipotu tinganene kuti sitilemba n’komwe. Koma nayi mapulogalamu angapo a mayeso otere omwe tidatha kuchita:
Kuyesa jsonnet kodi. Izi, mwachitsanzo, ndi payipi yathu yolumikizira ma drone, yomwe ndi yovuta kwambiri. Khodi ya jsonnet imakutidwa bwino ndi mayeso.
Timagwiritsa ntchito izi Chida choyesera cha Jsonnet.
Mayesero a malemba omwe amachitidwa pamene gwero likuyamba. Zolemba zimalembedwa mu Python, choncho mayesero akhoza kulembedwa pa iwo.
Ndizotheka kuyang'ana kasinthidwe mumayeso, koma sitichita izi. Ndikothekanso kukhazikitsa malamulo osinthira gwero kudzera tflint. Komabe, cheke chomwe chilipo ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa terraform, koma zolemba zambiri zoyeserera zimalembedwera AWS. Ndipo tili pa Azure, kotero izi sizikugwiranso ntchito.
Pafupi ndi mayesowo pali terraform yokhala ndi dera lapafupi, lomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuyika chithunzichi.
Potsegula, module yaing'ono yomwe ili pafupi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi chithunzicho.
VM ikangotumizidwa kuchokera pachithunzichi, macheke amatha kuyamba. Kwenikweni, macheke amachitidwa ndi galimoto. Imayang'ana momwe zolembera zimagwirira ntchito poyambira komanso momwe ma daemoni amagwirira ntchito. Kuti tichite izi, kudzera pa ssh kapena winrm timalowa mu makina omwe angokwezedwa kumene ndikuyang'ana momwe kasinthidwe aliri kapena ngati ntchitozo zakwera.
Zomwe zilili ndizofanana ndi mayeso ophatikiza muma module a terraform. Pano pali tebulo lalifupi lofotokozera za mayesero otere.
Ndemanga pa pipeline ndi pafupi mphindi 40. Chilichonse chimachitika kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobwerera m'mbuyo, koma pachitukuko chatsopano nthawi zambiri sichikhala chenicheni. Ngati mwakonzekera kwambiri izi, konzekerani zolemba, ndiye mutha kuzichepetsa mpaka mphindi 10. Koma awa akadali si mayeso a Unit, omwe amapanga zidutswa 5 mumasekondi 100.
Kusapezeka kwa mayeso a Unit posonkhanitsa zithunzi kapena ma module a terraform kumalimbikitsa kusintha ntchitoyo kuti isiyanitse ntchito zomwe zitha kuyendetsedwa kudzera pa REST, kapena zolemba za Python.
Popeza tili ndi ScaleFT ngati ntchito, timakakamizika kugwira nawo ntchito kudzera mu API. Panali chokulunga cholembedwa pamenepo chomwe mungachikoke ndi kunena kuti: “Lowani ndi kuchotsa izi ndi izo.” Imasunga zoikamo zonse zofunika ndi kupeza.
Titha kulemba kale mayeso wamba pa izi, popeza sizosiyana ndi mapulogalamu wamba: mtundu wina wa apiha umanyozedwa, mumaukoka, ndikuwona zomwe zimachitika.
Zotsatira za mayesero: Kuyesa kwa unit, komwe kuyenera kupereka OS mu miniti, sikumapereka. Ndipo mitundu yoyesera pamwamba pa piramidi ndi yothandiza, koma imaphimba gawo limodzi la mavuto.
Gwirizanitsani mapulogalamu
Mayesero ali, ndithudi, abwino. Mutha kulemba zambiri mwazo, zitha kukhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Adzagwira ntchito pamilingo yawo ndikutipatsa mayankho. Koma vuto la mayeso oyipa a Unit, omwe amapereka OS yachangu kwambiri, amakhalabe. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikufunabe OS yothamanga yomwe ndi yosavuta komanso yosangalatsa kugwira nayo ntchito. Osanenanso za ubwino wa zotsatira zake. Mwamwayi, pali njira zomwe zimatha kupereka mayankho mwachangu kuposa kuyesa mayunitsi. Awa ndi mapulogalamu awiri.
Mukalemba kachidindo, mukufuna kupeza mayankho pamtundu wake mwachangu momwe mungathere. Inde, mukhoza kulemba chirichonse mu gawo la nthambi (kuti musathyole chirichonse kwa aliyense), pangani pempho kukoka ku Github, perekani kwa munthu amene maganizo ake ali ndi kulemera kwake, ndipo dikirani yankho.
Vuto: kusowa njira ndi machitidwe.
Zotsatira zoyipa: palibe chidziwitso cha momwe angachitire bwino komanso momwe angachitire bwino. Imatalikitsa kulandila kwa mayankho.
Momwe timamenyera: kugawana malingaliro ndi machitidwe muntchito ziwiri pafupifupi kuthetsa vutoli.
Vuto lalikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe kameneka mu IaC ndikuyenda kosagwirizana kwa ntchito. Mu chikhalidwe mapulogalamu chitukuko, muli yunifolomu kayendedwe. Mutha kuthera mphindi zisanu ndikulemba N. Gwiritsani mphindi 10 ndikulemba 2N, mphindi 15 - 3N. Pano mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphindi zisanu ndikulemba N, ndiyeno mutenge mphindi 30 ndikulemba gawo lakhumi la N. Pano simukudziwa kalikonse, mumakakamira, opusa. Kufufuza kumatenga nthawi ndikusokoneza pulogalamu yokha.
Kutsiliza: mu mawonekedwe ake oyera si oyenera kwa ife.
2. Ping-pong. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo munthu m'modzi kulemba mayeso ndipo wina amawagwiritsa ntchito. Poganizira kuti zonse ndizovuta ndi mayeso a Unit, ndipo muyenera kulemba mayeso ophatikiza omwe amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti akonzekere, kumasuka konse kwa ping-pong kumachoka.
Ndikhoza kunena kuti tinayesera kulekanitsa maudindo popanga script yoyesera ndikugwiritsa ntchito code yake. Wophunzira wina adadza ndi zolembazo, mu gawo ili la ntchito yomwe anali nayo udindo, anali ndi mawu otsiriza. Ndipo winayo anali ndi udindo wokhazikitsa. Zinayenda bwino. Ubwino wa script ndi njira iyi ukuwonjezeka.
Kutsiliza: Tsoka, kuthamanga kwa ntchito sikulola kugwiritsa ntchito ping-pong ngati njira yopangira mapulogalamu awiri mu IaC.
3.Strong Style.Zovuta kuchita. Lingaliro ndiloti wotenga nawo mbali m'modzi amakhala woyang'anira wotsogolera, ndipo wachiwiri amatenga udindo wa dalaivala wakupha. Pamenepa, ufulu wosankha zisankho umakhala ndi woyendetsa basi. Dalaivala amangosindikiza ndipo amatha kukhudza zomwe zikuchitika ndi mawu. Maudindo sasintha kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zabwino pophunzira, koma zimafunikira luso lofewa lamphamvu. Apa ndi pamene tinalephera. Njirayi inali yovuta. Ndipo sizili ngakhale za zomangamanga.
Tili ndi anzathu okhazikika kwa masiku angapo (osakwana sabata). Timagwira ntchito imodzi pamodzi. Timakhala pamodzi kwa kanthawi: wina amalemba, wina amakhala ndikuyang'ana gulu lothandizira. Kenako timabalalika kwakanthawi, aliyense amachita zinthu zodziyimira pawokha, kenako timakumananso, kulumikizana mwachangu, kuchita china chake ndikubalalikanso.
Kukonzekera ndi kulankhulana
Chotsatira chomaliza cha machitidwe omwe mavuto a OS amathetsedwa ndi bungwe la ntchito ndi ntchito zomwezo. Izi zikuphatikizanso kusinthana kwa zochitika zomwe zili kunja kwa ntchito ziwiri. Tiyeni tiwone machitidwe atatu:
1. Zolinga kudzera mumtengo wa zolinga. Tinakonza kasamalidwe ka polojekitiyi kudzera mumtengo womwe umapita kosatha mtsogolo. Mwaukadaulo, kutsatiraku kumachitika ku Miro. Pali ntchito imodzi - ndi cholinga chapakati. Kuchokera pa izo kupita kapena zolinga zing'onozing'ono kapena magulu a ntchito. Ntchito zomwezo zimachokera kwa iwo. Ntchito zonse zimapangidwa ndikusamalidwa pa bolodi ili.
Chiwembuchi chimaperekanso ndemanga, zomwe zimachitika kamodzi patsiku tikamalumikizana pamisonkhano. Kukhala ndi ndondomeko yofanana pamaso pa aliyense, koma yokonzedwa bwino komanso yotseguka, imalola aliyense kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika komanso momwe tapitira patsogolo.
Ubwino wa masomphenya a ntchito:
Causality. Ntchito iliyonse imatsogolera ku cholinga chapadziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito zimagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Dera la zomangamanga palokha ndilopanga luso. Sizidziwika nthawi zonse zomwe zimakhudza, mwachitsanzo, kulemba runbook pakusamukira ku nginx ina pabizinesi. Kukhala ndi khadi lolowera pafupi kumamveketsa bwino.
Causality ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha zovuta. Imayankha mwachindunji funso: "Kodi ndikuchita zoyenera?"
Kufanana. Tilipo asanu ndi anayi aife, ndipo ndizosatheka kuponya aliyense pa ntchito imodzi. Ntchito zochokera kudera limodzi sizingakhale zokwanira nthawi zonse. Timakakamizika kufananiza ntchito pakati pamagulu ang'onoang'ono ogwira ntchito. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, magulu amakhala pa ntchito yawo kwa nthawi ndithu, akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi wina. Nthawi zina anthu amachoka pagululi. Wina amapita kutchuthi, wina amapanga lipoti la DevOps conf, wina amalemba nkhani pa Habr. Kudziwa zolinga ndi ntchito zomwe zingathe kuchitidwa mofanana kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.
2. Olowa m'malo owonetsa misonkhano ya m'mawa. Poyimilira timakhala ndi vuto ili - anthu amachita ntchito zambiri mofanana. Nthawi zina ntchito zimalumikizidwa mosasamala ndipo palibe kumvetsetsa kuti ndani akuchita chiyani. Ndipo maganizo a membala wina wa timu ndi ofunika kwambiri. Izi ndi zina zowonjezera zomwe zingasinthe njira yothetsera vutoli. Zachidziwikire, nthawi zambiri pamakhala wina ndi inu, koma malangizo ndi malangizo ndi othandiza nthawi zonse.
Kuti tichite izi, tidagwiritsa ntchito njira ya "Changing the Leading Stand-Up". Tsopano amazunguliridwa molingana ndi mndandanda wina, ndipo izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zake. Ikafika nthawi yanu, mumakakamizika kulowa mkati ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika kuti muyendetse msonkhano wabwino wa Scrum.
3. Chiwonetsero chamkati. Thandizo pothana ndi vuto kuchokera ku mapulogalamu awiri, kuwonetseratu pamtengo wamavuto ndi kuthandizira pamisonkhano ya scrum m'mawa ndizabwino, koma sizoyenera. Monga banja, mumachepetsedwa ndi chidziwitso chanu. Mtengo wa ntchito umathandizira kuti padziko lonse lapansi amvetsetse yemwe akuchita chiyani. Ndipo wowonetsera ndi anzake pamsonkhano wa m'mawa sangalowe m'mavuto anu. Iwo ndithudi akhoza kuphonya chinachake.
Yankho linapezeka posonyeza ntchito imene yachitidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake ndiyeno kukambirana. Timakumana kamodzi pa sabata kwa ola limodzi ndikuwonetsa tsatanetsatane wa mayankho ku ntchito zomwe tachita sabata yatha.
Pachiwonetsero, ndikofunikira kuwulula tsatanetsatane wa ntchitoyo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito.
Pambuyo pa gawo la maso ndi maso nthawi zonse pamakhala kukambirana mu ulusi. Apa ndipamene mayankho omwe timafunikira pa ntchito zathu amawonekera.
Zotsatira zake, kafukufuku amachitidwa kuti adziwe phindu la zomwe zikuchitika. Izi ndi ndemanga pa chiyambi cha mawu ndi kufunika kwa ntchitoyo.
Zomaliza zazitali ndi zomwe zikubwera
Zingawoneke kuti mawu a nkhaniyo ndi opanda chiyembekezo. Izi ndi zolakwika. Magawo awiri otsika a mayankho, omwe ndi mayeso ndi kupanga mapulogalamu awiri, amagwira ntchito. Osati wangwiro monga chitukuko cha chikhalidwe, koma pali zotsatira zabwino kuchokera kwa izo.
Mayesero, m'mawonekedwe ake apano, amangopereka ma code pang'ono chabe. Zosintha zambiri zimatha kukhala zosayesedwa. Chikoka chawo pa ntchito yeniyeni pamene kulemba code ndi otsika. Komabe, pali zotsatira za mayeso ophatikiza, ndipo amakulolani kuchita mopanda mantha kukonzanso. Uku ndikupambana kwakukulu. Komanso, ndikusintha kwachitukuko m'zilankhulo zapamwamba (tili ndi python, pitani), vuto limatha. Ndipo simukusowa macheke ambiri a "glue"; cheke chophatikizana ndi chokwanira.
Kugwira ntchito awiriawiri kumadalira kwambiri anthu enieni. Pali gawo la ntchito ndi luso lathu lofewa. Ndi anthu ena zimayenda bwino kwambiri, pomwe ena zimakhala zoipitsitsa. Pali zopindulitsa za izi. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ngakhale osatsatira mokwanira malamulo ogwirira ntchito awiriawiri, mfundo yochitira ntchito limodzi imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazotsatira zake. Ineyo pandekha ndimaona kuti kugwira ntchito ndi awiriawiri ndikosavuta komanso kosangalatsa.
Njira zapamwamba zokhudzira OS - kukonzekera ndikugwira ntchito ndi ntchito kumabweretsa zotsatira zake: kusinthana kwa chidziwitso chapamwamba komanso chitukuko cha chitukuko.
Zotsatira zazifupi pamzere umodzi
Othandizira a HR amagwira ntchito ku IaC, koma osachita bwino.
Limbikitsani zomwe zimagwira ntchito.
Bwerani ndi njira zanu zolipirira ndi machitidwe anu.