Turkmenistan ndi amodzi mwa mayiko otsekedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Osati otsekedwa monga, kunena, North Korea, koma pafupi. Kusiyana kofunikira ndi intaneti yapagulu, yomwe nzika ya dzikolo imatha kulumikizana nayo popanda mavuto. Nkhaniyi ikukamba za momwe zinthu zilili ndi makampani a intaneti mdziko muno, kupezeka kwa maukonde, ndalama zolumikizirana komanso zoletsa zoperekedwa ndi akuluakulu.
Kodi intaneti idawoneka liti ku Turkmenistan?
Pansi pa Saparmurat Niyazov, intaneti inali yachilendo. Panali malo angapo olumikizirana ndi netiweki yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikugwira ntchito mdzikolo panthawiyo, koma akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu achitetezo okha ndi omwe anali ndi mwayi, ndipo nthawi zambiri sankagwiritsa ntchito anthu wamba. Panali angapo ang'onoang'ono opereka intaneti. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za mβma 2000, makampani ena anatsekedwa, ena anaphatikizidwa. Zotsatira zake, wolamulira wa boma adatulukira - wothandizira Turkmentelecom. Palinso makampani ang'onoang'ono othandizira, koma onsewo, kwenikweni, ndi othandizira a Turkmentelecom ndipo ali ogonjera kwathunthu.
Purezidenti Berdimuhamedov atayamba kulamulira, malo odyera pa intaneti adawonekera ku Turkmenistan ndipo zida zogwirira ntchito zidayamba kupanga. Malo odyera oyamba amakono a intaneti adawonekera mu 2007. Turkmenistan ilinso ndi ma cellular network a m'badwo wachitatu ndi wachinayi. Aliyense wokhala m'dzikoli akhoza kulumikiza kwa izo, choncho ndi intaneti. Mukungoyenera kugula SIM khadi ndikuyiyika mu chipangizocho.
Kodi intaneti imawononga ndalama zingati ndipo muyenera kulumikiza chiyani?
Chilichonse, monga maiko ena ambiri, opereka ayenera kupereka ntchito. M'masiku angapo, wolembetsa watsopano amalumikizidwa. Ndondomeko yamitengo ndiyoyipitsitsa pang'ono. Malingana ndi mawerengedwe a akatswiri ochokera ku World Bank, intaneti ku Turkmenistan ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri pakati pa mayiko omwe kale anali USSR. Gigabyte imodzi pano imawononga nthawi 3,5 kuposa ku Russian Federation. Mtengo wolumikizira umachokera ku 2500 mpaka 6200 mu ma ruble ofanana pamwezi. Poyerekeza, mu bungwe la boma ku likulu malipiro ake ndi pafupifupi 18 rubles (113 manats), pamene oimira ntchito zina, makamaka m'madera, ali ndi malipiro ochepa kwambiri.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, njira ina yolumikizira intaneti ndi mafoni a m'manja, ma network a 4G. Pambuyo powonekera koyamba kwa 4G, liwiro linali mpaka 70 Mbit / s ngakhale kunja kwa mzindawo. Tsopano, pamene chiwerengero cha olembetsa chikuwonjezeka kwambiri, liwiro latsika nthawi 10 - mpaka 7 Mbit / s mkati mwa mzinda. Ndipo iyi ndi 4G; ngati 3G, palibe ngakhale 500 Kbps.
Malinga ndi bungwe la America Akamai Technologies, kupezeka kwa intaneti kwa anthu mdziko muno ndi 20%. Mmodzi mwa omwe amapereka likulu la Turkmenistan ali ndi ogwiritsa ntchito 15 okha, ngakhale kuti anthu a mumzindawu amaposa 000 miliyoni.
Kuthamanga kwa intaneti kwa ogwiritsa ntchito m'dziko lonselo ndi pansi pa 0,5 Mbit/s.
Ponena za mzinda womwewo, Ministry of Communications pafupifupi chaka ndi theka chapitacho kuti ku Ashgabat kuthamanga kwa data pakati pa malo opangira deta pafupifupi kufika 20 Gbit / sec.
Zomangamanga zam'manja zimapangidwira bwino - ngakhale midzi yaying'ono imaphimbidwa ndi intaneti. Ngati mupita kupyola midzi iyi, padzakhalanso kulankhulana - kufalitsa sikuli koipa. Koma izi zikugwiranso ntchito pa kulumikizana kwa foni palokha, koma kuthamanga ndi mtundu wa intaneti yam'manja si zabwino kwambiri.
Kodi mautumiki onse alipo kapena pali oletsedwa?
Ku Turkmenistan, masamba ndi ntchito zambiri zodziwika bwino zatsekedwa, kuphatikiza YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, VKontakte, LiveJournal, Lenta.ru. Ma Messenger WhatsApp, Wechat, Viber nawonso sapezeka. Mawebusayiti enanso amatsekedwa, nthawi zambiri omwe amafalitsa zodzudzula aboma. Zowona, pazifukwa zina tsamba la MTS Turkmenistan, magazini ya azimayi a Women.ru, malo ena ophikira, etc.
Mu Okutobala 2019, mwayi wopita kumtambo wa Google unatsekedwa, kotero ogwiritsa ntchito adataya mwayi wopeza ntchito zamakampani monga Google Drive, Google Docs ndi ena. Mwinamwake, vuto ndiloti galasi la webusaiti yotsutsa inayikidwa pa ntchitoyi m'chilimwe.
Akuluakulu akulimbana kwambiri ndi zida za block bypass, kuphatikiza osadziwika ndi ma VPN. M'mbuyomu, masitolo omwe amagulitsa mafoni a m'manja ndi malo ogwira ntchito ankapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu a VPN. Akuluakuluwo anachitapo kanthu ndipo anayamba kulipiritsa anthu amalonda pafupipafupi. Zotsatira zake, malo operekera chithandizo adachotsa ntchitoyi. Kuphatikiza apo, boma limatsata mawebusayiti omwe amayendera. Kuyendera chinthu choletsedwa kungapangitse kuyitanira kwa akuluakulu aboma ndikulemba chikalata chofotokozera. Nthawi zina, akuluakulu a zamalamulo amatha kufika okha.
Kunena chilungamo, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kuletsa mitsinje kunachotsedwa zaka zingapo zapitazo.
Kodi akuluakulu aboma amaletsa bwanji zinthu zosafunikira ndikuwunika zoyeserera zoletsa kutsekereza?
Iyi ndi nthawi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Monga tikudziwira, zida ndi mapulogalamu otsata kutsatira amaperekedwa ndi makampani aku Western. Unduna wa Zachitetezo mdziko muno uli ndi udindo wowunika ma network a dziko komanso kuyang'anira maziko aukadaulo.
Utumiki umagwirizana kwambiri ndi kampani ya ku Germany Rohde & Schwarz. Makampani ochokera ku UK amagulitsanso zida ndi mapulogalamu kudzikolo. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, nyumba yamalamulo yawo idalola kuti Turkmenistan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Brunei, Turkey, ndi Bahrain ziperekedwe.
Turkmenistan ikufunika akatswiri kuti azitha kusefa pa intaneti. Palibe akatswiri akumaloko okwanira, ndipo boma likugwiritsa ntchito thandizo lakunja.
Ndi Turkmenistan ikugula mitundu iwiri ya zida zowunikira maukonde - R&S INTRA ndi R&S Unified Firewalls, komanso pulogalamu ya R&S PACE 2.
Kuwunikaku sikuchitidwa ndi Unduna womwewo, koma ndi makampani awiri abizinesi olumikizana nawo. Mwiniwake wa imodzi mwa makampaniwa ndi mbadwa ya mabungwe achitetezo a boma la Turkmenistan. Makampani omwewa amalandira makontrakitala aboma pakupanga mawebusayiti, mapulogalamu, ndi kukonza zida zama network.
Pulogalamu yoperekedwa kuchokera ku Europe imasanthula zolankhula ndikugwiritsa ntchito zosefera kuzindikira mawu, ziganizo ndi ziganizo zonse. Zotsatira za kusanthula zimafufuzidwa motsutsana ndi "mndandanda wakuda". Ngati zitangochitika mwangozi, mabungwe azamalamulo amalowererapo. Amayang'aniranso ma SMS pamodzi ndi amithenga apompopompo.
Chitsanzo choyang'ana pogwiritsa ntchito BlockCheck v0.0.9.8:
Kulimbana ndi VPN
Akuluakulu aku Turkmenistan akulimbana ndi ma VPN mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kutchuka kwaukadaulo pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti omwe samapirira kutsekereza masamba akulu akunja. Boma limagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwezo kuchokera ku kampani yaku Germany kusefa magalimoto.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesayesa kukuchitika kuti aletse mapulogalamu amafoni a VPN. Kwa ife, tawona kuti pulogalamu yathu ya VPN yam'manja sikupezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena. Chinthu chokha chomwe chimathandiza ndi ntchito yomanga yogwira ntchito ndi API kudzera mu proxy.
Tili ndi ogwiritsa ntchito angapo ochokera ku Turkmenistan olumikizana nawo, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amafotokoza zovuta zina pakulankhulana. Mmodzi wa iwo wangondipatsa lingaliro lopanga nkhaniyi. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mutalowa bwino mu pulogalamuyi, si ma seva onse olumikizidwa. Zikuwoneka ngati zosefera zamtundu wa VPN zodziwikiratu zikugwira ntchito. Malinga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwewo, ndi bwino kulumikiza ma seva atsopano omwe awonjezedwa posachedwa.
Januware watha boma lidapitilira ndipo kulowa mu Google Play Store.
... okhala ku Turkmenistan adataya mwayi wopita ku Google Play Store, pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito adatsitsa mapulogalamu omwe adawalola kuti adutse kutsekereza.
Zochita zonsezi zidangowonjezera kutchuka kwa matekinoloje a block bypass. Munthawi yomweyi, kuchuluka kwakusaka kokhudzana ndi VPN .
M'tsogolomu, akuluakulu a boma la Turkmen akulonjeza kuti akonza zowonongeka kwa maukonde, kuonjezera liwiro la kugwirizana ndikukulitsa kufalikira kwa 3G ndi 4G. Koma sizikudziwikiratu kuti izi zidzachitika liti komanso zomwe zidzachitike pambuyo potsekereza.
Source: www.habr.com