Kuthetsa mavuto a boot system pa maseva opanda KVM si ntchito yophweka. Timadzipangira KVM-over-IP tokha kudzera pa chithunzi chobwezeretsa ndi makina enieni.
Pakakhala mavuto ndi opaleshoni dongosolo , woyang'anira amatsitsa chithunzi chochira ndikugwira ntchito yofunikira. Njirayi imagwira ntchito bwino pamene chifukwa cha kulephera chimadziwika, ndipo chithunzi chochira ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amaikidwa pa seva amachokera ku banja lomwelo. Ngati chifukwa cha kulephera sichinadziwikebe, muyenera kuyang'anira momwe mukuyendera makina opangira opaleshoni.
KVM yakutali
Mutha kulowa pa seva yolumikizira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomangidwira monga IPMI kapena Intel® vPro™, kapena kudzera pazida zakunja zotchedwa IP-KVM. Nthawi zina matekinoloje onse omwe atchulidwawa sapezeka. Komabe, awa si mapeto. Ngati seva ikhoza kukhazikitsidwanso patali kukhala chithunzi chobwezeretsa kutengera makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux, ndiye kuti KVM-over-IP ikhoza kukonzedwa mwachangu.
Chithunzi chochira ndi pulogalamu yokwanira yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe ili mu RAM. Choncho, tikhoza kuyendetsa mapulogalamu aliwonse, kuphatikizapo makina enieni (VMs). Ndiko kuti, mutha kuyambitsa VM momwe makina ogwiritsira ntchito seva adzayendera. Kufikira ku VM console kumatha kukonzedwa, mwachitsanzo, kudzera pa VNC.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito makina opangira seva mkati mwa VM, muyenera kufotokoza ma disks a seva ngati ma disks a VM. M'machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito a banja la Linux, ma disks akuthupi amaimiridwa ndi zida zamtundu wa mawonekedwe / dev / sdX, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mafayilo wamba.
Ma hypervisors ena, monga QEMU ndi VirtualBox, amakulolani kuti musunge deta ya VM mu mawonekedwe "yaiwisi", ndiko kuti, deta yokha yosungirako popanda metadata ya hypervisor. Chifukwa chake, VM ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma disks akuthupi a seva.
Njirayi imafunikira zothandizira kukhazikitsa chithunzi chochira ndi VM mkati mwake. Komabe, ngati muli ndi ma gigabytes anayi kapena kuposerapo a RAM, izi sizikhala vuto.
Kukonzekera Chilengedwe
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yopepuka komanso yosavuta ngati makina enieni , zomwe nthawi zambiri sizikhala mbali ya chithunzi chochira ndipo ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa padera. Chithunzi chochira chomwe timapereka kwa makasitomala chimachokera , yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito phukusi loyang'anira pacman.
Chinthu choyamba muyenera kuchita ndi kuonetsetsa kuti achire fano ntchito atsopano mapulogalamu. Mutha kuwona ndikusintha zida zonse za OS ndi lamulo ili:
pacman -Suy
Pambuyo pakusintha, muyenera kukhazikitsa QEMU. Lamulo lokhazikitsa kudzera pa pacman lidzawoneka motere:
pacman -S qemu
Tiyeni tiwone ngati qemu yayikidwa bwino:
root@sel-rescue ~ # qemu-system-x86_64 --version
QEMU emulator version 4.0.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
Ngati zonse zili choncho, ndiye kuti chithunzi chochira ndichokonzeka kupita.
Kuyambira makina enieni
Choyamba, muyenera kusankha kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zaperekedwa ku VM ndikupeza njira zopita ku disks zakuthupi. Kwa ife, tigawa ma cores awiri ndi ma gigabytes awiri a RAM ku makina enieni, ndipo ma disks ali panjira. / dev / sda и / dev / sdb. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi VM:
qemu-system-x86_64
-m 2048M
-net nic -net user
-enable-kvm
-cpu host,nx
-M pc
-smp 2
-vga std
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
-drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
-vnc :0,password
-monitor stdio
Tsatanetsatane pang'ono za zomwe magawo onse amatanthauza:
- -m 2048m - perekani 2 GB ya RAM ku VM;
- -net nic -net user - kuwonjezera kulumikizana kosavuta kwa netiweki kudzera pa hypervisor pogwiritsa ntchito NAT (Network Address Translation);
- -thandizira-kvm - yambitsani mawonekedwe a KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine);
- -cpu host - timauza purosesa kuti apeze magwiridwe antchito onse a purosesa ya seva;
- -M PC - mtundu wa zida za PC;
- -smp2 pa - purosesa yeniyeni iyenera kukhala iwiri-pakati;
- -vga std - sankhani khadi ya kanema yokhazikika yomwe siyigwirizana ndi zowonera zazikulu;
- -drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
- fayilo=/dev/sdX - njira yopita ku chipangizo chotchinga choyimira diski ya seva;
- mtundu=yaiwisi - tikuwona kuti mu fayilo yotchulidwa deta yonse ili mu mawonekedwe "yaiwisi", ndiye kuti, ngati pa disk;
- index=0 - nambala ya disk, iyenera kuwonjezeka ndi imodzi pa disk iliyonse yotsatira;
- media=disk - makina enieni ayenera kuzindikira kusungirako ngati disk;
- -vnc :0, mawu achinsinsi - yambitsani seva ya VNC mwachisawawa pa 0.0.0.0:5900, gwiritsani ntchito mawu achinsinsi ngati chilolezo;
- -kuyang'anira stdio - kulumikizana pakati pa woyang'anira ndi qemu kudzachitika kudzera munjira zolowera / zotulutsa.
Ngati zonse zili bwino, chowunikira cha QEMU chidzayamba:
QEMU 4.0.0 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu)
Tidawonetsa kuti chilolezo chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mawu achinsinsi, koma sanawonetse mawu achinsinsi omwe. Izi zitha kuchitika potumiza mawu achinsinsi a vnc kuwunika kwa QEMU. Chidziwitso chofunikira: Mawu achinsinsi sangakhale opitilira zilembo zisanu ndi zitatu.
(qemu) change vnc password
Password: ******
Pambuyo pake, titha kulumikizana ndi kasitomala aliyense wa VNC, mwachitsanzo, Remmina, pogwiritsa ntchito adilesi ya IP ya seva yathu ndi mawu achinsinsi omwe tafotokoza.
Tsopano sitimangowona zolakwika zomwe zingatheke potsegula, koma tikhoza kuthana nazo.
Mukamaliza, muyenera kutseka makina enieni. Izi zitha kuchitika mkati mwa OS potumiza chizindikiro kuti mutseke, kapena popereka lamulo system_powerdown mu Monitor ya QEMU. Izi zidzakhala zofanana ndi kukanikiza batani lotsekera kamodzi: makina ogwiritsira ntchito mkati mwa makina enieni adzatseka bwino.
Kuyika machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito
Makina enieni ali ndi mwayi wokwanira wa ma disks a seva choncho angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikitsa pamanja makina opangira. Choletsa chokha ndi kuchuluka kwa RAM: chithunzi cha ISO sichingayikidwe nthawi zonse mu RAM. Tiyeni tigawane ma gigabytes anayi a RAM kuti tisunge chithunzicho / mwana:
mount -t tmpfs -o size=4G tmpfs /mnt
Titsitsanso chithunzi choyika cha FreeBSD 12.0 opaleshoni:
wget -P /mnt ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/12.0/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
Tsopano mutha kuyambitsa VM:
qemu-system-x86_64
-m 2048M
-net nic -net user
-enable-kvm
-cpu host,nx
-M pc
-smp 2
-vga std
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
-drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
-vnc :0,password
-monitor stdio
-cdrom /mnt/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
-boot d
Sakanizani -bomba d imakhazikitsa booting kuchokera pa CD drive. Timalumikizana ndi kasitomala wa VNC ndikuwona choyambira cha FreeBSD.
Popeza kupeza adilesi kudzera pa DHCP kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze intaneti, mutatha kukonza pangakhale kofunikira kuti muyambitse dongosolo lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kumene ndikuwongolera zosintha zapaintaneti. Nthawi zina, pangakhale kofunikira kukhazikitsa madalaivala a adapter network, popeza khadi la network lomwe limayikidwa mu seva ndi lomwe limatsatiridwa mu VM ndizosiyana.
Pomaliza
Njira iyi yokonzekera kupeza kwakutali kwa seva ya seva imagwiritsa ntchito zida zina za seva, komabe, sizimayika zofunikira zapadera pa hardware ya seva, choncho ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pafupifupi muzochitika zilizonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito yankholi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira zolakwika zamapulogalamu ndikubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito a seva yakutali.
Source: www.habr.com