Milandu yomwe woyambitsa amapanga chipangizo chamagetsi chovuta kuyambira pachiyambi, kudalira kafukufuku wake yekha, ndizosowa kwambiri. Monga lamulo, zida zina zimabadwira pamzere wa matekinoloje angapo ndi miyezo yopangidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni titenge banal flash drive. Iyi ndi malo osungira osunthika kutengera kukumbukira kosasunthika kwa NAND komanso kokhala ndi doko la USB lomangidwira, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza drive ku chipangizo cha kasitomala. Chifukwa chake, kuti mumvetsetse momwe chida choterechi chingawonekere pamsika, ndikofunikira kutsata mbiri ya kupangidwa kwa tchipisi tokha, komanso mawonekedwe ofananirako, popanda zomwe Flash imayendetsa ife. zomwe ndikudziwa sizikanakhalako. Tiyeni tiyese kuchita izi.
Zipangizo zosungiramo za semiconductor zomwe zimathandizira kufufuta zojambulidwa zidawonekera pafupifupi theka lazaka zapitazo: EPROM yoyamba idapangidwa ndi injiniya waku Israeli Dov Froman kumbuyo mu 1971.
Dov Froman, wopanga EPROM
Ma ROM, opanga nthawi yawo, adagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga ma microcontrollers (mwachitsanzo, Intel 8048 kapena Freescale 68HC11), koma adakhala osayenera kupanga ma drive onyamula. Vuto lalikulu la EPROM linali njira yovuta kwambiri yofufutira zambiri: chifukwa cha izi, dera lophatikizidwa liyenera kuyatsidwa mu ultraviolet spectrum. Momwe zidagwirira ntchito ndikuti mafotoni a UV adapatsa ma elekitironi ochulukirapo mphamvu zokwanira kuti awononge chiwongola dzanja pachipata choyandama.
Tchipisi za EPROM zinali ndi mazenera apadera ofufutira deta, ophimbidwa ndi mbale za quartz
Izi zinawonjezera zovuta ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, zinali zotheka kuchotsa deta pa chip nthawi yokwanira pogwiritsa ntchito nyali yamphamvu kwambiri ya mercury, ndipo ngakhale pamenepa ndondomekoyi inatenga mphindi zingapo. Poyerekeza, nyali wamba ya fulorosenti imachotsa chidziwitso mkati mwa zaka zingapo, ndipo ngati chip choterocho chikasiyidwa padzuwa lolunjika, zingatenge masabata kuti chiyeretsetu. Kachiwiri, ngakhale njirayi ingakhale yokonzedwa mwanjira ina, kuchotsa fayilo inayake sikuthekabe: zambiri za EPROM zidzafufutidwa.
Mavuto omwe adatchulidwa adathetsedwa mum'badwo wotsatira wa tchipisi. Mu 1977, Eli Harari (mwa njira, pambuyo pake anayambitsa SanDisk, yomwe inakhala imodzi mwa opanga zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse zosungirako zosungirako zosungirako kukumbukira kukumbukira), pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono la EEPROM - ROM yomwe kufufutidwa kwa deta, monga mapulogalamu, inkachitika mwamagetsi.
Eli Harari, woyambitsa SanDisk, ali ndi imodzi mwama SD makadi oyamba
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito EEPROM inali yofanana ndi kukumbukira kwamakono kwa NAND: chipata choyandama chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chonyamulira, ndipo ma elekitironi amasamutsidwa kupyolera mu zigawo za dielectric chifukwa cha mphamvu ya ngalande. Kukonzekera kwa ma cell a kukumbukira palokha kunali magawo awiri, omwe adapangitsa kale kuti alembe ndikuchotsa mwanzeru ma adilesi. Kuphatikiza apo, EEPROM inali ndi malire abwino kwambiri otetezedwa: selo lililonse limatha kulembedwa mpaka nthawi 1 miliyoni.
Koma apanso, zonse zidakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kuti athe kufafaniza deta pamagetsi, transistor yowonjezereka idayenera kuyikidwa mu cell iliyonse yokumbukira kuti iziwongolera kulemba ndi kufufuta. Tsopano panali mawaya atatu pagawo lililonse (waya imodzi ndi mizere iwiri), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zigawo za matrix zikhale zovuta kwambiri ndikuyambitsa mavuto akulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupanga zida zazing'ono komanso zowoneka bwino sikunali kofunikira.
Popeza mtundu wopangidwa kale wa semiconductor ROM unalipo kale, kafukufuku wina wasayansi adapitilirabe ndi diso lopanga ma microcircuits omwe amatha kusungirako zambiri. Ndipo adavekedwa korona bwino mu 1984, pomwe Fujio Masuoka, yemwe amagwira ntchito ku Toshiba Corporation, adapereka chithunzithunzi cha kukumbukira kosasunthika pamisonkhano yapadziko lonse ya Electron Devices Meeting, yomwe idachitikira mkati mwa makoma a Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) .
Fujio Masuoka, "bambo" wa flash memory
Mwa njira, dzinalo silinapangidwe ndi Fujio, koma ndi mmodzi mwa anzake, Shoji Ariizumi, yemwe njira yofufumitsa deta inamukumbutsa za kuwala kwa mphezi (kuchokera ku "flash" ya Chingerezi - "flash"). . Mosiyana ndi EEPROM, kukumbukira kung'anima kudakhazikitsidwa pa ma MOSFET okhala ndi chipata choyandama chowonjezera chomwe chili pakati pa p-wosanjikiza ndi chipata chowongolera, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zithetse zinthu zosafunikira ndikupanga tchipisi tating'ono.
Zitsanzo zoyamba zamalonda zokumbukira kung'anima zinali tchipisi ta Intel zomwe zidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa NOR (Not-Or), kupanga komwe kudakhazikitsidwa mu 1988. Monga momwe zinalili ndi EEPROM, matrices awo anali amitundu iwiri, momwe selo lililonse la kukumbukira linali pa mphambano ya mzere ndi mzere (otsogolera ogwirizana adalumikizidwa ndi zipata zosiyanasiyana za transistor, ndipo gwero linalumikizidwa. ku gawo lapansi wamba). Komabe, kale mu 1989, Toshiba anayambitsa mtundu wake wa flash memory, wotchedwa NAND. Gululi linali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, koma m'malo mwake, m'malo mwa selo limodzi, panali angapo olumikizana motsatizana. Kuphatikiza apo, ma MOSFET awiri adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamzere uliwonse: transistor yowongolera yomwe ili pakati pa mzere wocheperako ndi gawo la maselo, ndi transistor yapansi.
Kuchulukana kwapang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono kunathandizira kukulitsa mphamvu ya chip, koma ma aligorivimu owerengera / kulemba nawonso adakhala ovuta kwambiri, omwe sakanatha kukhudza liwiro la kutumiza chidziwitso. Pazifukwa izi, zomanga zatsopanozi sizinathe kusinthiratu NOR, zomwe zapeza ntchito popanga ma ROM ophatikizidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, NAND idakhala yabwino kupanga zida zosungira zonyamula - makadi a SD komanso, ma drive ama flash.
Mwa njira, mawonekedwe omalizawo adatheka kokha mu 2000, pamene mtengo wa kukumbukira kung'anima unatsika mokwanira ndipo kutulutsidwa kwa zipangizo zoterezi ku msika wogulitsa kukhoza kulipira. Dongosolo loyamba la USB padziko lonse lapansi linali ubongo wa kampani ya Israeli M-Systems: DiskOnKey yophatikizika (yomwe imatha kumasuliridwa ngati "disk-on-keychain", popeza chipangizocho chinali ndi mphete yachitsulo pathupi yomwe idapangitsa kuti izi zitheke. kunyamula flash drive pamodzi ndi mulu wa makiyi) anapangidwa ndi mainjiniya Amir Banom, Dov Moran ndi Oran Ogdan. Panthawiyo, anali kupempha $8 kwa kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kangathe kusunga 3,5 MB ya chidziwitso ndipo chitha kusintha ma disks ambiri a 50-inch.
DiskOnKey - galimoto yoyamba yapadziko lonse lapansi kuchokera ku kampani ya Israeli ya M-Systems
Chochititsa chidwi: ku United States, DiskOnKey inali ndi wofalitsa wovomerezeka, yemwe anali IBM. Ma drive a Flash "Localized" sanali osiyana ndi oyambirirawo, kupatula chizindikiro chakutsogolo, ndichifukwa chake ambiri molakwika amati kupangidwa kwa USB drive yoyamba ku bungwe la America.
DiskOnKey, IBM Edition
Kutsatira chitsanzo choyambirira, miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, zosintha zambiri za DiskOnKey ndi 16 ndi 32 MB zidatulutsidwa, zomwe anali kufunsa kale $ 100 ndi $ 150, motsatana. Ngakhale zinali zokwera mtengo, kuphatikiza kukula kophatikizika, mphamvu ndi liwiro lalikulu lowerenga / kulemba (lomwe lidakhala lalitali kuwirikiza ka 10 kuposa ma floppy disks) adakopa ogula ambiri. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ma drive ama flash adayamba kuguba kwawo kwachipambano kudutsa dziko lapansi.
Wankhondo m'modzi m'munda: nkhondo ya USB
Komabe, kung'anima kung'anima sikukanakhala kung'anima ngati mawonekedwe a Universal Serial Bus sanawonekere zaka zisanu m'mbuyomo - izi ndi zomwe chidule chodziwika bwino cha USB chikuyimira. Ndipo mbiri ya chiyambi cha muyezo uwu akhoza kutchedwa pafupifupi chidwi kwambiri kuposa kupangidwa kwa flash memory palokha.
Monga lamulo, mawonekedwe atsopano ndi miyezo mu IT ndi zotsatira za mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa mabizinesi akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri ngakhale kupikisana wina ndi mzake, koma amakakamizika kugwirizana kuti apange njira yogwirizana yomwe ingathandize kwambiri kupanga zinthu zatsopano. Izi zidachitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi makadi okumbukira a SD: mtundu woyamba wa Secure Digital Memory Card udapangidwa mu 1999 ndi SanDisk, Toshiba ndi Panasonic, ndipo mulingo watsopanowo udakhala wopambana kwambiri kotero kuti adapatsidwa ntchito. mutu patangopita chaka chimodzi. Masiku ano, SD Card Association ili ndi makampani opitilira 1000, omwe mainjiniya awo akupanga zatsopano ndikupanga zomwe zilipo zomwe zimafotokoza magawo osiyanasiyana amakhadi.
Ndipo poyang'ana koyamba, mbiri ya USB ndiyofanana kwathunthu ndi zomwe zidachitika ndi Secure Digital standard. Kuti makompyuta aumwini azikhala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, opanga ma hardware amafunikira, mwa zina, mawonekedwe a chilengedwe chonse ogwirira ntchito ndi zotumphukira zomwe zimathandizira mapulagi otentha komanso osafunikira kusinthidwa kowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga mulingo wogwirizana kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kuchotsa "zoo" zamadoko (COM, LPT, PS/2, MIDI-port, RS-232, etc.), zomwe m'tsogolomu zingathandize. kufewetsa kwambiri ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopangira zida zatsopano, komanso kuyambitsa zothandizira zida zina.
Potsutsana ndi zomwe zimafunikira izi, makampani angapo omwe amapanga zida zamakompyuta, zotumphukira ndi mapulogalamu, zazikuluzikulu zomwe zinali Intel, Microsoft, Philips ndi US Robotics, ogwirizana kuyesa kupeza chofanana chomwe chingagwirizane ndi osewera onse omwe alipo, yomwe pamapeto pake idakhala USB . Kutchuka kwa muyezo watsopano kunathandizidwa kwambiri ndi Microsoft, yomwe idawonjezera kuthandizira mawonekedwe kumbuyo kwa Windows 95 (chigamba chofananiracho chidaphatikizidwa mu Service Release 2), kenako adayambitsa dalaivala wofunikira mu mtundu wa Windows 98. kuyembekezera: mu 1998, iMac G3 idatulutsidwa - kompyuta yoyamba yochokera ku Apple, yomwe idagwiritsa ntchito madoko a USB okha kulumikiza zida zolowera ndi zotumphukira zina (ndi kupatula maikolofoni ndi mahedifoni). Munjira zambiri, kutembenuka kwa digirii 180 (pambuyo pa zonse, panthawiyo Apple inali kudalira FireWire) inali chifukwa chobwerera kwa Steve Jobs paudindo wa CEO wa kampaniyo, zomwe zidachitika chaka chatha.
IMac G3 yoyambirira - "kompyuta ya USB" yoyamba
M'malo mwake, kubadwa kwa basi yapadziko lonse lapansi kunali kowawa kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe a USB palokha sikuyenera kukhala kwamakampani akuluakulu kapena dipatimenti yofufuza yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati gawo la kampani inayake, koma ya munthu wodziwika bwino. - injiniya wa Intel waku India dzina lake Ajay Bhatt.
Ajay Bhatt, katswiri wazoganiza komanso wopanga mawonekedwe a USB
Kalelo mu 1992, Ajay adayamba kuganiza kuti "kompyuta yanu" siyikugwirizana ndi dzina lake. Ngakhale ntchito yosavuta poyang'ana koyamba monga kulumikiza chosindikizira ndi kusindikiza chikalata chinafuna ziyeneretso zina kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito (ngakhale, zingawonekere, chifukwa chiyani wogwira ntchito muofesi yemwe amafunikira kupanga lipoti kapena chiganizo amvetsetse matekinoloje apamwamba?) kuti apite kwa akatswiri apadera. Ndipo ngati zonse zitasiyidwa monga momwe zilili, PC sidzakhala chinthu chochuluka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kupitirira chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito 10 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi sikoyenera ngakhale kulota.
Panthawiyo, onse Intel ndi Microsoft anamvetsa kufunika kwa mtundu wina wa standardization. Makamaka, kafukufuku m'derali adayambitsa kuwonekera kwa basi ya PCI ndi lingaliro la Plug & Play, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zomwe Bhatt, yemwe adaganiza zoyang'ana khama lake makamaka pofufuza yankho la chilengedwe chonse cholumikizira zotumphukira, zimayenera kulandiridwa. bwino. Koma sizinali choncho: Mkulu wa Ajay wapafupi, atamvetsera kwa injiniyayo, adanena kuti ntchitoyi inali yovuta kwambiri moti sikunali koyenera kutaya nthawi.
Kenako Ajay adayamba kufunafuna thandizo m'magulu ofanana ndipo adazipeza mwa m'modzi mwa ofufuza odziwika a Intel (Intel Fellow) Fred Pollack, yemwe amadziwika panthawiyo chifukwa cha ntchito yake monga injiniya wotsogolera wa Intel iAPX 432 komanso womanga wamkulu. a Intel i960, omwe adapereka kuwala kobiriwira ku polojekitiyi. Komabe, ichi chinali chiyambi chabe: kukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliro lalikulu chotero kukanakhala kosatheka popanda kutenga nawo mbali kwa osewera ena amsika. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, "zovuta" zenizeni zinayamba, chifukwa Ajay sanayenera kutsimikizira mamembala a magulu ogwira ntchito a Intel za lonjezo la lingaliro ili, komanso kupempha thandizo la opanga ma hardware ena.
Zinatenga pafupifupi chaka ndi theka kuti tikambirane zambiri, zovomerezeka komanso zokambirana. Panthawiyi, Ajay adalumikizana ndi Bala Kadambi, yemwe adatsogolera gulu lomwe limayang'anira chitukuko cha PCI ndi Plug&Play ndipo pambuyo pake adakhala director wa Intel wa I/O interface technology standards, ndi Jim Pappas, katswiri wa machitidwe a I/O. M’chilimwe cha 1994, pomalizira pake tinatha kupanga gulu logwira ntchito ndikuyamba kugwirizana kwambiri ndi makampani ena.
M'chaka chotsatira, Ajay ndi gulu lake anakumana ndi oimira makampani oposa 50, kuphatikizapo mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, apadera kwambiri ndi zimphona monga Compaq, DEC, IBM ndi NEC. Ntchito inali pachimake kwenikweni 24/7: kuyambira m'mamawa atatuwo anapita ku misonkhano yambiri, ndipo usiku amakumana pa chakudya chapafupi kuti akambirane dongosolo la zochita za tsiku lotsatira.
Mwina kwa ena kalembedwe kameneka kamaoneka ngati kakungotaya nthawi. Komabe, zonsezi zinabala zipatso: chifukwa chake, magulu angapo amitundu yosiyanasiyana adapangidwa, omwe adaphatikizapo akatswiri ochokera ku IBM ndi Compaq, omwe amagwira ntchito pakupanga zida zamakompyuta, anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yopanga tchipisi kuchokera ku Intel ndi NEC yokha, olemba mapulogalamu omwe amagwira ntchito. kupanga mapulogalamu, madalaivala ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito (kuphatikiza kuchokera ku Microsoft), ndi akatswiri ena ambiri. Zinali ntchito nthawi imodzi pazigawo zingapo zomwe pamapeto pake zidathandizira kupanga muyezo wosinthika komanso wachilengedwe chonse.
Ajay Bhatt and Bala Kadambi at the European Inventor Award
Ngakhale gulu la Ajay linatha kuthetsa mwanzeru mavuto andale (popeza mgwirizano pakati pa makampani osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo omwe anali opikisana nawo mwachindunji) ndi luso (posonkhanitsa akatswiri ambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana pansi pa denga limodzi), panalibenso mbali ina yomwe chofunika kwambiri - mbali zachuma za nkhaniyi. Ndipo apa tidayenera kuchita zosagwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, chinali chikhumbo chochepetsera mtengo wa waya chomwe chinapangitsa kuti USB Type-A yachizolowezi, yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mpaka lero, idakhala mbali imodzi. Kupatula apo, kuti apange chingwe chokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi, sikungangofunika kusintha mawonekedwe a cholumikizira, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yofanana, komanso kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa ma conductive cores, zomwe zingayambitse kuwirikiza mtengo wa waya. Koma tsopano tili ndi meme yosasinthika yokhudza kuchuluka kwa USB.
Anthu ena omwe adachita nawo ntchitoyi adalimbikiranso kuchepetsa mtengowo. Pachifukwa ichi, Jim Pappas amakonda kukumbukira kuyitanidwa kwa Betsy Tanner kuchokera ku Microsoft, yemwe tsiku lina adalengeza kuti, mwatsoka, kampaniyo ikufuna kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a USB pakupanga mbewa zamakompyuta. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kutulutsa kwa 5 Mbit / s (ichi ndiye kuchuluka kwa kusamutsa deta komwe kudakonzedweratu) kunali kokwera kwambiri, ndipo mainjiniya amawopa kuti sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kusokonezedwa kwa ma elekitiroma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "turbo" yotereyi. mbewa" ikhoza kusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwanthawi zonse pa PC yokha ndi zida zina zotumphukira.
Poyankha mkangano wokwanira woteteza, Betsy adayankha kuti kutsekereza kowonjezera kungapangitse chingwe kukhala chokwera mtengo: masenti 4 pamwamba pa phazi lililonse, kapena masenti 24 pawaya wokhazikika wa 1,8 mita (6 ft), zomwe zidapangitsa lingaliro lonselo kukhala lopanda tanthauzo. Kuphatikiza apo, chingwe cha mbewa chiyenera kukhala chosinthika mokwanira kuti chisaletse kuyenda kwa manja. Kuti athetse vutoli, anaganiza kuwonjezera kulekana mu mkulu-liwiro (12 Mbit / s) ndi otsika-liwiro (1,5 Mbit / s) modes. Malo osungiramo 12 Mbit / s amalola kugwiritsa ntchito zogawanitsa ndi ma hubs kuti agwirizane ndi zipangizo zingapo pa doko limodzi, ndipo 1,5 Mbit / s inali yabwino kwambiri polumikiza mbewa, makibodi ndi zipangizo zina zofanana ndi PC.
Jim mwiniyo amawona nkhaniyi kukhala chopunthwitsa chomwe pamapeto pake chinatsimikizira kuti ntchito yonseyo yayenda bwino. Kupatula apo, popanda thandizo la Microsoft, kulimbikitsa mulingo watsopano pamsika kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kunyengerera komwe kunapezeka kunathandizira kuti USB ikhale yotsika mtengo kwambiri, motero yowoneka bwino m'maso mwa opanga zida zotumphukira.
Zomwe zili mu dzina langa, kapena Crazy rebranding
Ndipo popeza lero tikukambirana za ma drive a USB, tiyeni tifotokozerenso momwe zinthu zilili ndi mitundu ndi liwiro la muyezo uwu. Chilichonse pano sichiri chophweka monga momwe chingawonekere poyamba, chifukwa kuyambira 2013, bungwe la USB Implementers Forum layesetsa kuti lisokoneze osati ogula wamba, komanso akatswiri ochokera kudziko la IT.
M'mbuyomu, zonse zinali zosavuta komanso zomveka: tili ndi USB 2.0 pang'onopang'ono yokhala ndi 480 Mbit / s (60 MB / s) komanso nthawi 10 mwachangu USB 3.0, yomwe liwiro lake losamutsa deta limafikira 5 Gbit/s (640 MB/ s). Chifukwa cha kuyanjana chakumbuyo, USB 3.0 drive ikhoza kulumikizidwa ku doko la USB 2.0 (kapena mosiyana), koma liwiro la kuwerenga ndi kulemba mafayilo lidzakhala la 60 MB / s, popeza chipangizo chocheperako chimagwira ntchito ngati botolo.
Pa July 31, 2013, USB-IF inayambitsa chisokonezo chokwanira mu dongosolo laling'onoli: linali tsiku lomwelo pamene kukhazikitsidwa kwa chidziwitso chatsopano, USB 3.1, kudalengezedwa. Ndipo ayi, mfundoyi siili m'mawerengero owerengeka a matembenuzidwe, omwe adakumana nawo kale (ngakhale mwachilungamo ndizoyenera kudziwa kuti USB 1.1 inali yosinthidwa 1.0, osati china chatsopano), koma chifukwa chakuti. USB Implementers Forum pazifukwa zina ndinaganiza kutchulanso muyezo wakale. Yang'anani manja anu:
- USB 3.0 inasandulika USB 3.1 Gen 1. Uku ndikukonzanso koyera: palibe kusintha komwe kwapangidwa, ndipo kuthamanga kwakukulu kumakhalabe komweko - 5 Gbps osati pang'ono.
- USB 3.1 Gen 2 inakhala muyeso watsopano weniweni: kusintha kwa 128b/132b encoding (kale 8b/10b) mumtundu waduplex wathunthu kunatilola kuwirikiza kawiri mawonekedwe a bandwidth ndikukwaniritsa 10 Gbps, kapena 1280 MB/s.
Koma izi sizinali zokwanira kwa anyamata ochokera ku USB-IF, kotero adaganiza zoonjezera mayina ena angapo: USB 3.1 Gen 1 inakhala SuperSpeed, ndipo USB 3.1 Gen 2 inakhala SuperSpeed +. Ndipo sitepe iyi ndi yolondola kwathunthu: kwa wogula malonda, kutali ndi dziko laukadaulo wamakompyuta, ndizosavuta kukumbukira dzina lokopa kuposa mndandanda wa zilembo ndi manambala. Ndipo apa chirichonse chiri chodabwitsa: tili ndi mawonekedwe a "super-speed", omwe, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndi othamanga kwambiri, ndipo pali mawonekedwe a "super-speed +", omwe ali mofulumira kwambiri. Koma chifukwa chake kunali kofunikira kuchita "kukonzanso" kwamtundu wamtundu uliwonse sikudziwika bwino.
Komabe, palibe malire ku kupanda ungwiro: pa September 22, 2017, ndi kufalitsidwa kwa muyezo wa USB 3.2, zinthu zinaipiraipira. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zabwino: cholumikizira chosinthika cha USB Type-C, zomwe zidapangidwira m'badwo wam'mbuyomu wa mawonekedwe, zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kuwirikiza kawiri bandwidth ya basi pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo zobwereza ngati njira yosinthira deta. Umu ndi momwe USB 3.2 Gen 2 × 2 idawonekera (chifukwa chake sichingatchulidwe kuti USB 3.2 Gen 3 ndichinsinsi), ikugwira ntchito mwachangu mpaka 20 Gbit/s (2560 MB/s), yomwe, makamaka, ili nayo. adapeza ntchito popanga ma drive akunja olimba (ili ndi doko lomwe lili ndi WD_BLACK P50 yothamanga kwambiri, yolunjika kwa osewera).
Ndipo zonse zikhala bwino, koma, kuwonjezera pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa muyezo watsopano, kusinthidwanso kwa zakale sikunachedwe kubwera: USB 3.1 Gen 1 idasandulika USB 3.2 Gen 1, ndi USB 3.1 Gen 2 kukhala USB 3.2 Gen. 2. Ngakhale mayina amalonda asintha, ndipo USB-IF inachoka ku lingaliro lovomerezedwa kale la "zomveka komanso zopanda manambala": m'malo motchula USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 monga, mwachitsanzo, SuperSpeed ++ kapena UltraSpeed, adaganiza zowonjezera mwachindunji. chisonyezero cha kuchuluka kwa liwiro losamutsa deta:
- USB 3.2 Gen 1 inakhala SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps,
- USB 3.2 Gen 2 - SuperSpeed USB 10Gbps,
- USB 3.2 Gen 2 × 2 - SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps.
Ndipo momwe mungachitire ndi zoo ya miyezo ya USB? Kuti moyo wanu ukhale wosavuta, tapanga chidule cha tebulo-memo, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe sizingakhale zovuta kufananiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizira.
Mtundu wokhazikika
Dzina lamalonda
Kuthamanga, Gbit/s
USB 3.0
USB 3.1
USB 3.2
Mtundu wa USB 3.1
Mtundu wa USB 3.2
USB 3.0
USB 3.1 Gen 1
USB 3.2 Gen 1
Kuthamanga kwambiri
SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps
5
-
USB 3.1 Gen 2
USB 3.2 Gen 2
SuperSpeed +
SuperSpeed USB 10Gbps
10
-
-
USB 3.2 Gen 2 × 2
-
SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps
20
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma drive a USB pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha zinthu za SanDisk
Koma tiyeni tibwererenso ku mutu wa zokambirana za lero. Ma drive a Flash akhala gawo lofunikira m'miyoyo yathu, atalandira zosinthidwa zambiri, nthawi zina zodabwitsa kwambiri. Chithunzi chathunthu cha kuthekera kwa ma drive amakono a USB atha kupezeka kuchokera ku SanDisk portfolio.
Mitundu yonse yaposachedwa ya ma drive a SanDisk flash imathandizira mulingo wosinthira data wa USB 3.0 (aka USB 3.1 Gen 1, aka USB 3.2 Gen 1, aka SuperSpeed - pafupifupi ngati mu kanema "Moscow Sakhulupirira Misozi"). Pakati pawo mutha kupeza ma drive apamwamba kwambiri komanso zida zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kupeza compact universal drive, ndizomveka kulabadira mzere wa SanDisk Ultra.
SanDisk Chotambala
Kukhalapo kwa zosintha zisanu ndi chimodzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (kuyambira 16 mpaka 512 GB) kumakuthandizani kusankha njira yabwino malinga ndi zosowa zanu komanso osalipira magigabytes owonjezera. Kuthamanga kwa data mpaka 130 MB / s kumakupatsani mwayi wotsitsa mafayilo akulu mwachangu, ndipo cholumikizira chosavuta chimateteza cholumikizira kuti chisawonongeke.
Kwa mafani a mapangidwe apamwamba, timalimbikitsa mzere wa SanDisk Ultra Flair ndi SanDisk Luxe wa ma drive a USB.
SanDisk Ultra Flair
Mwaukadaulo, ma drive ama flash awa ndi ofanana kwathunthu: mndandanda wonsewo umadziwika ndi kuthamanga kwa data mpaka 150 MB / s, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi mitundu 6 yokhala ndi mphamvu kuyambira 16 mpaka 512 GB. Kusiyanaku kumangokhala pamapangidwe: Ultra Flair idalandira chowonjezera chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yolimba, pomwe thupi la mtundu wa Luxe ndi lopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu alloy.
SanDisk Luxe
Kuphatikiza pa mapangidwe ochititsa chidwi komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwa data, ma drive omwe adalembedwa ali ndi chinthu china chosangalatsa kwambiri: zolumikizira zawo za USB ndizopitilira molunjika pamilandu ya monolithic. Njirayi imatsimikizira chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri cha flash drive: ndizosatheka kuthyola mwangozi cholumikizira choterocho.
Kuphatikiza pa ma drive akulu akulu, gulu la SanDisk limaphatikizanso mayankho a "plug ndi kuiwala". Tikulankhula za Ultra-compact SanDisk Ultra Fit, yomwe miyeso yake ndi 29,8 × 14,3 × 5,0 mm yokha.
SanDisk Ultra Wokwanira
Mwana uyu samatuluka pamwamba pa cholumikizira cha USB, chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala yankho labwino pakukulitsa kusungirako kwa kasitomala, kaya ndi ultrabook, makina omvera agalimoto, Smart TV, kontrakitala yamasewera kapena kompyuta imodzi.
Zosangalatsa kwambiri m'gulu la SanDisk ndi Dual Drive ndi iXpand USB zoyendetsa. Mabanja onse awiri, ngakhale kuti amasiyana mosiyana, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi lingaliro limodzi: ma drive amotowa ali ndi madoko awiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe amawalola kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kusamutsa deta pakati pa PC kapena laputopu ndi zida zam'manja popanda zingwe zowonjezera ndi ma adapter.
Banja la Dual Drive la ma drive adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafoni a m'manja ndi mapiritsi omwe ali ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Android ndikuthandizira ukadaulo wa OTG. Izi zikuphatikiza mizere itatu ya ma drive a flash.
SanDisk Dual Drive m3.0 yaying'ono, kuphatikiza pa USB Type-A, ili ndi cholumikizira cha MicroUSB, chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti zimagwirizana ndi zida zazaka zam'mbuyomu, komanso ma foni am'manja olowera.
SanDisk Dual Drive m3.0
SanDisk Ultra Dual Type-C, monga mungaganizire kuchokera ku dzina, ili ndi cholumikizira chamakono cha mbali ziwiri. Flash drive yokha yakhala yayikulu komanso yayikulu, koma kapangidwe kanyumba kameneka kamapereka chitetezo chabwinoko, ndipo zakhala zovuta kwambiri kutaya chipangizocho.
SanDisk Ultra Dual Type-C
Ngati mukuyang'ana china chake chokongola kwambiri, tikupangira kuti muwone SanDisk Ultra Dual Drive Go. Ma drive awa amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yofanana ndi SanDisk Luxe yomwe yatchulidwa kale: USB Type-A yamtundu wathunthu ndi gawo la flash drive body, yomwe imalepheretsa kusweka ngakhale osasamalira. Cholumikizira cha USB Type-C, nachonso, chimatetezedwa bwino ndi kapu yozungulira, yomwe ilinso ndi diso la fob yofunika. Kukonzekera uku kunapangitsa kuti flash drive ikhale yowoneka bwino, yaying'ono komanso yodalirika.
SanDisk Ultra Dual Drive Go
Mndandanda wa iXpand ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi Dual Drive, kupatula kuti malo a USB Type-C amatengedwa ndi cholumikizira cha Apple Lightning. Chipangizo chachilendo kwambiri pamndandandawu chitha kutchedwa SanDisk iXpand: flash drive iyi ili ndi mapangidwe apachiyambi mu mawonekedwe a lupu.
SanDisk iXpand
Zikuwoneka zochititsa chidwi, ndipo mutha kulumikizanso lamba kudzera pachocho ndikuvala chosungirako, mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira khosi lanu. Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kung'anima kotereku ndi iPhone ndikosavuta kwambiri kuposa kwachikhalidwe: ikalumikizidwa, thupi lonse limathera kuseri kwa foni yamakono, kupumira pachivundikiro chake chakumbuyo, chomwe chimathandizira kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa cholumikizira.
Ngati mapangidwewa sakukwanirani pazifukwa zina, ndizomveka kuyang'ana ku SanDisk iXpand Mini. Mwaukadaulo, iyi ndi iXpand yomweyo: mtundu wamitunduyo umaphatikizansopo ma drive anayi a 32, 64, 128 kapena 256 GB, ndipo kuthamanga kwambiri kwa data kumafika 90 MB/s, komwe kumakhala kokwanira ngakhale kuwonera kanema wa 4K molunjika kuchokera pamoto. yendetsa. Kusiyanitsa kokhako ndiko kupanga: chipikacho chasowa, koma kapu yotetezera ya cholumikizira Mphezi yawonekera.
SanDisk iXpand Mini
Woimira wachitatu wa banja laulemerero, SanDisk iXpand Go, ndi mapasa a Dual Drive Go: miyeso yawo imakhala yofanana, kuwonjezera apo, ma drive onsewo adalandira kapu yozungulira, ngakhale yosiyana pang'ono pamapangidwe. Mzerewu umaphatikizapo mitundu 3: 64, 128 ndi 256 GB.
SanDisk iXpand Go
Mndandanda wazinthu zopangidwa pansi pa mtundu wa SanDisk sizomwe zimangokhala pama drive a USB omwe adalembedwa. Mutha kuzolowerana ndi zida zina zamtundu wotchuka pa .
Source: www.habr.com