Nkhani ya projekiti imodzi kapena momwe ndidathera zaka 7 ndikupanga PBX kutengera Asterisk ndi Php

Ndithudi ambiri a inu, monga ine, munali ndi lingaliro lochita chinachake chapadera. M'nkhaniyi ndifotokoza zovuta zaukadaulo ndi mayankho omwe ndimayenera kukumana nawo popanga PBX. Mwinamwake izi zidzathandiza wina kusankha pa lingaliro lake, ndi wina kutsatira njira yopondedwa bwino, chifukwa ndinapindulanso ndi chokumana nacho cha apainiya.

Lingaliro ndi zofunika zofunika

Ndipo zonse zidayamba ndi chikondi Asterisk (zomangamanga zolumikizirana), makina opangira mafoni ndi kukhazikitsa ufulupbx (mawonekedwe a intaneti a Asterisk). Ngati zosowa za kampaniyo zinalibe zenizeni ndipo zidagwera mkati mwa kuthekera ufulupbx - zonse ndi zabwino. Kuyika konseko kunachitika mkati mwa maola XNUMX, kampaniyo idalandira PBX yokhazikika, mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso maphunziro afupiafupi kuphatikiza thandizo ngati lingafune.

Koma ntchito zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zinali zosagwirizana ndipo sizinali zokongola kwambiri. Asterisk akhoza kuchita zambiri, koma kuti mawonekedwe a intaneti agwire bwino ntchito, kunali koyenera kuwononga nthawi yochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake tsatanetsatane yaying'ono ingatenge nthawi yayitali kuposa kukhazikitsa ena onse a PBX. Ndipo mfundo si yakuti zimatenga nthawi yaitali kulemba mawonekedwe a intaneti, koma mfundoyi ili muzomangamanga. ufulupbx. Zomangamanga njira ndi njira ufulupbx idayikidwa pa nthawi ya php4, ndipo panthawiyo panali kale php5.6 pomwe chirichonse chikhoza kukhala chophweka komanso chosavuta.

Udzu womaliza unali ma dialplans ojambulidwa ngati chithunzi. Pamene ndinayesera kumanga chinachake chonga ichi ufulupbx, Ndinazindikira kuti ndiyenera kulembanso kwambiri ndipo zingakhale zosavuta kupanga china chatsopano.

Zofunikira zazikulu zinali:

• khwekhwe losavuta, lopezeka mosavuta ngakhale kwa woyang'anira novice. Chifukwa chake, makampani safuna kukonza kwa PBX kumbali yathu,
• kusinthidwa kosavuta kuti ntchito zithetsedwe mu nthawi yokwanira,
• mosavuta kuphatikiza ndi PBX. U ufulupbx panalibe API yosintha masinthidwe, i.e. Simungathe, mwachitsanzo, kupanga magulu kapena menyu amawu kuchokera ku pulogalamu yachitatu, API yokha Asterisk,
• opensource - kwa opanga mapulogalamu izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kwa kasitomala.

Lingaliro lachitukuko chachangu linali loti magwiridwe antchito onse azikhala ndi ma module ngati zinthu. Zinthu zonse zimayenera kukhala ndi gulu lofanana la makolo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mayina azinthu zonse zazikulu amadziwika kale ndipo chifukwa chake pali zokhazikitsidwa kale. Zinthu zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mikangano ngati mawonekedwe ophatikizika okhala ndi makiyi azingwe, omwe mutha kudziwa ufulupbx Zinali zotheka poyang'ana ntchito yonse ndi ntchito zomwe zakhazikitsidwa. Pankhani ya zinthu, banal autocompletion idzawonetsa katundu wonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri imapangitsa moyo kukhala wosalira zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, cholowa ndi kutanthauziranso kumathetsa kale mavuto ambiri ndi zosintha.

Chotsatira chomwe chinachedwetsa nthawi yokonzanso ndipo chinali choyenera kupewa chinali kubwereza. Ngati pali gawo lomwe limayang'anira kuyimba wogwira ntchito, ndiye kuti ma module ena onse omwe amafunikira kuyimbira foni kwa wogwira ntchito ayenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito, osapanga makope awo. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kusintha china chake, ndiye kuti muyenera kusintha pamalo amodzi ndikufufuza "momwe zimagwirira ntchito" kuyenera kuchitika pamalo amodzi, osafufuzidwa muntchito yonseyi.

Mtundu woyamba ndi zolakwika zoyamba

Chitsanzo choyamba chinali chokonzeka mkati mwa chaka. PBX yonse, monga momwe inakonzedwera, inali modular, ndipo ma modules sakanangowonjezera ntchito zatsopano zopangira mafoni, komanso kusintha mawonekedwe a intaneti okha.

Inde, lingaliro lopanga dialplan munjira yotere si yanga, koma ndiyothandiza kwambiri ndipo ndidachitanso chimodzimodzi. Asterisk.

Polemba gawo, opanga mapulogalamu akhoza kale:

• pangani magwiridwe antchito anu pakuyimba foni, yomwe imatha kuyikidwa pazithunzi, komanso mndandanda wazinthu kumanzere,
• pangani masamba anu amtundu wapaintaneti ndikuwonjezera ma tempuleti anu kumasamba omwe alipo (ngati wopanga masamba wapereka izi),
• onjezani zokonda zanu ku tabu yayikulu kapena pangani zokonda zanu,
• wopanga mapulogalamu atha kulowa mu gawo lomwe lilipo, kusintha gawo la magwiridwe antchito ndikulembetsa pansi pa dzina latsopano kapena kusintha gawo loyambirira.

Mwachitsanzo, umu ndi momwe mungapangire menyu yanu yamawu:

......
class CPBX_MYIVR extends CPBX_IVR
{
 function __construct()
 {
 parent::__construct();
 $this->_module = "myivr";
 }
}
.....
$myIvrModule = new CPBX_MYIVR();
CPBXEngine::getInstance()->registerModule($myIvrModule,__DIR__); //Зарегистрировать новый модуль
CPBXEngine::getInstance()->registerModuleExtension($myIvrModule,'ivr',__DIR__); //Подменить существующий модуль

Kukhazikitsa koyamba zovuta kunabweretsa kunyada koyamba ndi zokhumudwitsa zoyamba. Ndinali wokondwa kuti zinagwira ntchito, kuti ndinali wokhoza kale kubereka mbali zazikulu ufulupbx. Ndinali wokondwa kuti anthu adakonda lingaliro lachiwembucho. Panali njira zambiri zochepetsera chitukuko, koma ngakhale panthawiyo ntchito zina zinali zophweka kale.

API yosintha kasinthidwe ka PBX inali yokhumudwitsa - zotsatira zake sizinali zomwe timafuna. Ndinatenga mfundo yofanana ndi in ufulupbx, podina Ikani batani, kasinthidwe konse kumapangidwanso ndipo ma module ayambiranso.

Zikuwoneka motere:

*Dialplan ndi lamulo (algorithm) yomwe kuyimba kumakonzedwa.

Koma ndi njira iyi, ndizosatheka kulemba API wamba pakusintha makonda a PBX. Choyamba, ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa Asterisk wautali kwambiri komanso wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
Kachiwiri, simungatchule ntchito ziwiri nthawi imodzi, chifukwa onse adzapanga kasinthidwe.
Chachitatu, imagwiritsa ntchito zokonda zonse, kuphatikiza zomwe zimapangidwa ndi woyang'anira.

Mu mtundu uwu, monga mu Askozia, zinali zotheka kupanga masinthidwe a ma modules osinthidwa okha ndikuyambitsanso ma modules ofunikira okha, koma zonsezi ndi miyeso ya theka. Zinali zofunikira kusintha njira.

Baibulo lachiwiri. Mphuno inatulutsa mchira wokhazikika

Lingaliro lothetsa vutoli silinali kukonzanso kasinthidwe ndi kuyimba kwa Asterisk, koma sungani zambiri kunkhokwe ndikuwerenga kuchokera pankhokwe molunjika pokonza foniyo. Asterisk Ndinkadziwa kale kuwerengera masanjidwe kuchokera ku database, ingosintha mtengo mu database ndikuyimbanso kotsatira kudzasinthidwa poganizira zosintha, ndipo ntchitoyo inali yabwino powerenga magawo a dialplan. REALTIME_HASH.

Pamapeto pake, panalibe chifukwa choyambitsanso Asterisk pamene kusintha zoikamo ndi zoikamo onse anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito yomweyo kuti Asterisk.

Zosintha zokha pa dialplan ndizowonjezera manambala owonjezera ndi zizindikiro. Koma izi zinali zosintha zazing'ono zamawanga

exten=>101,1,GoSub(‘sub-callusers’,s,1(1)); - точечное изменение, добавляется/изменяется через ami

; sub-callusers – универсальная функция генерится при установке модуля.
[sub-callusers]
exten =>s,1,Noop()
exten =>s,n,Set(LOCAL(TOUSERID)=${ARG1})
exten =>s,n,ClearHash(TOUSERPARAM)
exten =>s,n,Set(HASH(TOUSERPARAM)=${REALTIME_HASH(rl_users,id,${LOCAL(TOUSERID)})})
exten =>s,n,GotoIf($["${HASH(TOUSERPARAM,id)}"=""]?return)
...

Mutha kuwonjezera kapena kusintha mzere mu dialplan pogwiritsa ntchito Ami (Control interface Asterisk) ndipo palibe kuyambiranso kwa dialplan yonse yofunikira.

Izi zinathetsa vuto ndi kasinthidwe API. Mutha kulowa mwachindunji mumsungidwe ndikuwonjezera gulu latsopano kapena kusintha, mwachitsanzo, nthawi yoyimba mu gawo la "dialtime" la gululo ndipo kuyimbanso kotsatira kutha kale nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa (Izi sizolimbikitsa zochita, popeza ntchito zina za API zimafunikira Ami mafoni).

Kukhazikitsa koyamba kovuta kunabweretsanso kunyada ndi kukhumudwa koyamba. Ndinasangalala kuti zinathandiza. Nawonso database idakhala ulalo wovuta, kudalira diski kunakula, panali zoopsa zambiri, koma zonse zidayenda mokhazikika komanso popanda mavuto. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, tsopano zonse zomwe zingatheke kudzera pa intaneti zikhoza kuchitika kudzera mu API, ndipo njira zomwezo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe apaintaneti adachotsa batani la "apply settings to PBX", lomwe oyang'anira nthawi zambiri amaiwala.

Chokhumudwitsa chinali chakuti chitukukocho chinakhala chovuta kwambiri. Kuyambira mtundu woyamba, chilankhulo cha PHP chapanga dialplan m'chinenerocho Asterisk ndipo zikuwoneka zosawerengeka konse, kuphatikiza chilankhulo chomwe Asterisk polemba dialplan ndi zachikale kwambiri.

Momwe zinkawoneka:

$usersInitSection = $dialplan->createExtSection('usersinit-sub','s');
$usersInitSection
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_gotoif('$["${G_USERINIT}"="1"]','exit'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_set('G_USERINIT','1'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_gosub('1','s','sub-AddOnAnswerSub','usersconnected-sub'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_gosub('1','s','sub-AddOnPredoDialSub','usersinitondial-sub'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_set('LOCAL(TECH)','${CUT(CHANNEL(name),/,1)}'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_gotoif('$["${LOCAL(TECH)}"="SIP"]','sipdev'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_gotoif('$["${LOCAL(TECH)}"="PJSIP"]','pjsipdev'))

Mu mtundu wachiwiri, dialplan inakhala yapadziko lonse lapansi, imaphatikizapo zosankha zonse zomwe zingatheke pokonzekera malingana ndi magawo ndi kukula kwake kunakula kwambiri. Zonsezi zinachedwetsa kwambiri nthawi yachitukuko, ndipo lingaliro lomwe linali lofunikanso kusokoneza dialplan linandichititsa chisoni.

Mtundu wachitatu

Lingaliro lothetsa vutoli silinali kupanga Asterisk dialplan kuchokera ku php ndikugwiritsa ntchito FastAGI ndi kulemba malamulo onse processing mu PHP palokha. FastAGI timatha Asterisk, kukonza kuyimba, kulumikiza ku socket. Landirani malamulo kuchokera kumeneko ndikutumiza zotsatira. Chifukwa chake, malingaliro a dialplan ali kale kunja kwa malire Asterisk ndipo ikhoza kulembedwa m'chinenero chilichonse, kwa ine mu PHP.

Panali kuyesa ndi zolakwika zambiri. Vuto lalikulu linali loti ndinali ndi makalasi ambiri / mafayilo. Zinatenga pafupifupi masekondi a 1,5 kupanga zinthu, kuziyambitsa, ndikulembetsana wina ndi mzake, ndipo kuchedwa kumeneku pa kuyitana si chinthu chomwe chinganyalanyazidwe.

Kuyambitsa kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi kokha chifukwa chake kusaka yankho kudayamba ndikulemba ntchito mu php pogwiritsa ntchito Mizere. Pambuyo pa sabata lakuyesera, njirayi idasiyidwa chifukwa cha zovuta za momwe kufalikiraku kumagwirira ntchito. Pambuyo pa mwezi woyesedwa, ndinayeneranso kusiya mapulogalamu asynchronous mu PHP; Ndinkafuna chinachake chophweka, chodziwika kwa aliyense woyambitsa PHP, ndipo zowonjezera zambiri za PHP ndizofanana.

Yankho lake linali ntchito yathu yamitundu yambiri mu C, yomwe idapangidwa ndi Zithunzi za PHPLIB. Imanyamula mafayilo onse a ATS php, imadikirira kuti ma module onse ayambike, amawonjezera kuyimbirana wina ndi mnzake, ndipo zonse zikakonzeka, zimasunga. Pofunsa ndi FastAGI mtsinje umapangidwa, kopi kuchokera ku cache ya makalasi onse ndi deta imapangidwanso mmenemo, ndipo pempho limaperekedwa ku ntchito ya php.

Ndi yankho ili, nthawi yochokera pa kutumiza kuyitana ku ntchito yathu kupita ku lamulo loyamba Asterisk adatsika kuchokera ku 1,5s mpaka 0,05s ndipo nthawi ino zimadalira pang'ono kukula kwa polojekitiyo.

Zotsatira zake, nthawi ya chitukuko cha dialplan inachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo ndikutha kuyamika izi popeza ndinayenera kulembanso dialplan yonse ya ma modules onse mu PHP. Choyamba, njira ziyenera kulembedwa kale mu php kuti mupeze chinthu kuchokera ku database; zinali zofunika kuti ziwonetsedwe pa intaneti, ndipo kachiwiri, ndipo ichi ndicho chinthu chachikulu, ndizotheka kugwira ntchito mosavuta ndi zingwe ndi manambala ndi magulu. yokhala ndi database komanso zowonjezera zambiri za PHP.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito dialplan mu kalasi ya module muyenera kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi dialplanDynamicCall ndi kukangana pbxCallRequest adzakhala ndi chinthu cholumikizana nacho Asterisk.

Kuphatikiza apo, zidakhala zotheka kukonza dialplan (php ili ndi xdebug ndipo imagwira ntchito yathu), mutha kusuntha pang'onopang'ono powona zomwe zimasintha.

Imbani data

Ma analytics aliwonse ndi malipoti amafunikira deta yosonkhanitsidwa molondola, ndipo chipika ichi cha PBX chinadutsanso mayesero ndi zolakwika zambiri kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka chachitatu. Nthawi zambiri, kuyimba foni ndi chizindikiro. Kuitana kumodzi = kujambula kumodzi: yemwe adayimba, adayankha, adalankhula nthawi yayitali bwanji. Muzosankha zina zosangalatsa, pali chizindikiro chowonjezera chosonyeza kuti wogwira ntchito ku PBX adayitanitsidwa panthawi yoyimba. Koma zonsezi zikukhudza mbali imodzi yokha ya zosowa.

Zofunikira zoyambirira zinali:

• kupulumutsa osati amene PBX anaitana, komanso amene anayankha, chifukwa pali zosokoneza ndipo izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posanthula mafoni,
• nthawi musanagwirizane ndi wogwira ntchito. Mu ufulupbx ndi ma PBX ena, kuyimbako kumatengedwa kuyankhidwa PBX ikangotenga foni. Koma pa menyu ya mawu muyenera kutenga foni kale, kotero mafoni onse amayankhidwa ndipo nthawi yodikira yankho imakhala 0-1 sekondi. Choncho, zinasankhidwa kuti zisunge osati nthawi yokhayo isanayankhe, koma nthawi isanayambe kugwirizanitsa ndi ma modules ofunikira (module yokhayo imayika mbendera iyi. Panopa ndi "Wogwira ntchito", "Mzere Wakunja").
• kwa dialplan yovuta kwambiri, pamene kuyitana kumayenda pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana, kunali koyenera kuti muyang'ane chinthu chilichonse padera.

Njira yabwino kwambiri idakhala pamene ma module a PBX amatumiza zambiri za iwo okha pama foni ndipo pamapeto pake amasunga chidziwitsocho ngati mtengo.

Zikuwoneka ngati izi:

Choyamba, zambiri za kuyitana (monga wina aliyense - palibe chapadera).

1. Analandila call pa line yakunja "Kwa mayeso"pa 05:55:52 kuchokera pa nambala 89295671458 kufika pa nambala 89999999999, pamapeto pake idayankhidwa ndi wantchito"Mlembi2» ndi nambala 104. Wothandizira anadikira masekondi 60 ndipo analankhula kwa 36 masekondi.
2. Wantchito"Mlembi2"amayimba foni ku 112 ndipo wantchito amayankha"Mtsogoleri 1»pambuyo pa 8 seconds. Amalankhula kwa masekondi 14.
3. Wothandizira amatumizidwa kwa Wogwira ntchito "mtsogoleri 1"kumene amapitiliza kulankhula kwa masekondi ena 13

Koma iyi ndiye nsonga ya madzi oundana; pa mbiri iliyonse mutha kupeza mbiri yoyimba mwatsatanetsatane kudzera pa PBX.

Zidziwitso zonse zimaperekedwa ngati zisa za mafoni:

1. Analandila call pa line yakunja "Kwa mayeso» pa 05:55:52 kuchokera pa nambala 89295671458 kufika pa nambala 89999999999.
2. Nthawi ya 05:55:53 mzere wakunja umatumiza foni ku dera lobwera ".mayeso»
3. Mukamayimba foni molingana ndi dongosolo, gawoli "manager call", momwe kuyimbako ndi masekondi 16. Iyi ndi module yopangidwira kasitomala.
4. Module "manager call"amatumiza kuyimba kwa wogwira ntchitoyo yemwe ali ndi nambala (wogula)"Mtsogoleri 1” ndikudikirira masekondi 5 kuti ayankhe. Manager sanayankhe.
5. Module "manager call"anatumiza foni ku gulu"Oyang'anira CORP" Awa ndi oyang'anira ena a njira yomweyo (atakhala m'chipinda chimodzi) ndikudikirira masekondi 11 kuti ayankhe.
6. Gulu "Oyang'anira CORP"amayitana antchito"Mtsogoleri 1, Mtsogoleri 2, Mtsogoleri 3"nthawi yomweyo kwa masekondi 11. Palibe yankho.
7. Kuitana kwa manejala kutha. Ndipo dera limatumiza foni ku module "Kusankha njira kuchokera ku 1c" Komanso gawo lolembedwera kasitomala. Apa kuyimbako kudakonzedwa kwa masekondi 0.
8. Dera limatumiza foni ku menyu ya mawu "Yoyambira ndi kuyimba kowonjezera" Wogulayo adadikirira pamenepo kwa masekondi 31, panalibe kuyimba kwina kwina.
9. Pulogalamuyi imatumiza foni ku Gulu "Alembi", pomwe kasitomala amadikirira masekondi 12.
10. Pagulu, antchito a 2 amaitanidwa nthawi imodzi "Mlembi1"Ndipo"Mlembi2"ndipo patatha masekondi 12 wogwira ntchitoyo akuyankha"Mlembi2" Yankho lakuyimbirako likubwerezedwanso mu mafoni a makolo. Zikuoneka kuti mugululo anayankha kuti “Mlembi2", poyimba dera adayankha"Mlembi2"ndipo adayankha call panja"Mlembi2".

Ndiko kusunga zambiri za opareshoni iliyonse ndi zisa zawo zomwe zipangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga malipoti. Lipoti pa menyu ya mawu idzakuthandizani kudziwa momwe imathandizira kapena kukulepheretsani. Pangani lipoti pa mafoni anaphonya ndi ogwira ntchito, poganizira kuti kuitana analandidwa choncho si ankaona anaphonya, ndipo poganizira kuti anali gulu kuitana, ndipo wina anayankha kale, kutanthauza kuitananso sanaphonye.

Kusungirako zidziwitso zotere kudzakuthandizani kutenga gulu lirilonse padera ndikuzindikira momwe limagwirira ntchito moyenera, ndikupanga graph ya magulu omwe adayankhidwa ndi ophonya pa ola. Mutha kuyang'ananso momwe kulumikizidwa kwa manejala yemwe ali ndi udindo kuli kolondola posanthula kusamutsidwa mutatha kulumikizana ndi manejala.

Muthanso kuchititsa maphunziro ofananirako, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa manambala omwe mulibe m'dawunilodi amayimba zowonjezera zolondola kapena kuchuluka kwa mafoni omwe amatuluka amatumizidwa ku foni yam'manja.

Cholinga chake ndi chiyani?

Katswiri sakufunika kuti asunge PBX; woyang'anira wamba amatha kuchita - kuyesedwa muzochita.

Pazosinthidwa, akatswiri omwe ali ndi ziyeneretso zazikulu sakufunika; kudziwa PHP ndikokwanira, chifukwa Ma modules adalembedwa kale pa protocol ya SIP, ndi pamzere, ndi kuitana wogwira ntchito, ndi ena. Pali kalasi ya wrapper Asterisk. Kuti apange gawo, wopanga mapulogalamu atha (ndipo mwanjira yabwino) kuyimbira ma module okonzeka. Ndi chidziwitso Asterisk ndizosafunika kwenikweni ngati kasitomala akufuna kuwonjezera tsamba ndi lipoti latsopano. Koma machitidwe akuwonetsa kuti ngakhale opanga mapulogalamu a chipani chachitatu atha kupirira, amadzimva kukhala osatetezeka popanda zolemba komanso kufalitsa kwanthawi zonse kwa ndemanga, kotero pali malo oti asinthe.

Ma modules akhoza:

• pangani luso latsopano lokonzekera mafoni,
• onjezani midadada yatsopano pa intaneti,
• cholowa kuchokera ku ma module omwe alipo, fotokozaninso ntchito ndikusintha, kapena kungokhala kopi yosinthidwa pang'ono,
• onjezani makonda anu ku template yokhazikitsira ma module ena ndi zina zambiri.

Zokonda za PBX kudzera pa API. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zosintha zonse zimasungidwa mu database ndikuwerengedwa panthawi yoyimba, kuti mutha kusintha makonda onse a PBX kudzera mu API. Mukayitana API, kasinthidwe sikunapangidwenso ndipo ma modules samayambiranso, choncho, ziribe kanthu kuti muli ndi makonzedwe angati ndi antchito omwe muli nawo. Zopempha za API zimachitidwa mwachangu ndipo siziletsana.

PBX imasunga ntchito zonse zofunika ndi mafoni okhala ndi nthawi (kudikirira / kukambirana), zisa ndi mawu a PBX (wogwira ntchito, gulu, mzere wakunja, osati njira, nambala). Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange malipoti osiyanasiyana kwa makasitomala enieni ndipo ntchito zambiri ndikupanga mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Nthawi idzafotokoza zimene zidzachitike. Palinso ma nuances ambiri omwe akuyenera kukonzedwanso, palinso mapulani ambiri, koma chaka chatha kuyambira kulengedwa kwa 3rd version ndipo tikhoza kunena kale kuti lingaliro likugwira ntchito. Choyipa chachikulu cha mtundu wa 3 ndi zida za Hardware, koma izi ndizomwe muyenera kulipira kuti zitheke.

Source: www.habr.com