Webusaiti yamakono imakhala yosatheka popanda zofalitsa: pafupifupi agogo aakazi ali ndi foni yamakono, aliyense ali pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndipo nthawi yochepetsera yokonza ndi yokwera mtengo kwa makampani. Nachi cholembedwa chankhani yakampani za momwe adapangira zoperekera zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya hardware, mavuto otani omwe adakumana nawo panthawiyi, zomwe zidawapangitsa, komanso momwe mavutowa adathetsedwera pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Nginx, ndikuwonetsetsa kulolerana kwa zolakwika pamagulu onse.). Tikuthokoza olemba nkhani ya Oleg Efimova ndi Alexandra Dymova, omwe adafotokoza zomwe adakumana nazo pamsonkhanowu .
- Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mawu oyamba pang'ono amomwe timasungira ndikusunga zithunzi. Tili ndi wosanjikiza pomwe timawasungira, ndi wosanjikiza pomwe timasunga zithunzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngati tikufuna kukwaniritsa chinyengo chapamwamba ndikuchepetsa katundu wosungirako, ndikofunika kwa ife kuti chithunzi chilichonse cha munthu wogwiritsa ntchito pawekha pa seva imodzi ya caching. Kupanda kutero, tikanayenera kukhazikitsa ma disks ochulukirachulukira momwe tili ndi ma seva ochulukirapo. Mlingo wathu wachinyengo uli pafupi ndi 99%, ndiko kuti, tikuchepetsa katundu wathu posungirako nthawi za 100, ndipo kuti tichite izi, zaka 10 zapitazo, pamene zonsezi zinali kumangidwa, tinali ndi ma seva 50. Chifukwa chake, kuti tigwiritse ntchito zithunzizi, tinkafunikira magawo 50 akunja omwe masevawa amapereka.
Mwachilengedwe, funso lidawuka nthawi yomweyo: ngati imodzi mwama seva athu ikatsikira ndikukhala osapezeka, ndi gawo lanji la magalimoto lomwe timataya? Tinayang'ana zomwe zinali pamsika ndipo tinaganiza zogula chidutswa cha hardware kuti chithetse mavuto athu onse. Chisankhocho chinagwera pa yankho la kampani ya F5-network (yomwe, mwa njira, posachedwapa idagula NGINX, Inc): BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager.
Zomwe chida ichi (LTM) chimachita: ndi rauta yachitsulo yomwe imapangitsa kuti madoko ake akunja asagwiritsidwe ntchito ndipo imakupatsani mwayi woti muyendetse magalimoto potengera ma netiweki, pamakonzedwe ena, ndikuwunika thanzi. Zinali zofunikira kwa ife kuti chida ichi chikhoza kukonzedwa. Chifukwa chake, titha kufotokozera malingaliro amomwe zithunzi za wogwiritsa ntchito zinatumizidwa kuchokera ku cache inayake. Kodi zikuwoneka bwanji? Pali chidutswa cha hardware chomwe chimayang'ana pa intaneti pamtundu umodzi, IP imodzi, imatulutsa ssl, imapanga zopempha za http, imasankha nambala ya cache kuchokera ku IRule, komwe mungapite, ndikulola magalimoto kupita kumeneko. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imayang'ana thanzi, ndipo ngati makina ena sakupezeka, panthawiyo tinapanga kuti magalimoto apite ku seva imodzi yosunga zobwezeretsera. Pa kasinthidwe kawonedwe, pali, ndithudi, ena nuances, koma zonse ndi zophweka: ife kulembetsa khadi, makalata a nambala inayake kwa IP wathu pa maukonde, timanena kuti tidzamvera madoko 80. ndi 443, timanena kuti ngati seva sichikupezeka, ndiye kuti muyenera kutumiza magalimoto ku zosunga zobwezeretsera, pamenepa 35th, ndipo tikufotokoza malingaliro ambiri a momwe zomangamanga ziyenera kukhalira. Vuto lokhalo linali loti chinenero chomwe hardware idapangidwira chinali Tcl. Ngati wina akumbukira izi konse... chilankhulochi ndi cholembera kwambiri kuposa chilankhulo chosavuta kupanga:
Tinapeza chiyani? Tinalandira chidutswa cha hardware chomwe chimatsimikizira kupezeka kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga zathu, njira zoyendetsera magalimoto athu onse, zimapereka ubwino wathanzi komanso zimangogwira ntchito. Komanso, zimagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali: pazaka 10 zapitazi sipanakhale zodandaula nazo. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa 2018, tinali kutumiza kale zithunzi za 80k pamphindikati. Izi ndi penapake mozungulira 80 gigabits of traffic from all of our data center.
Komabeβ¦
Kumayambiriro kwa 2018, tidawona chithunzi choyipa pamatchati: nthawi yomwe idatenga kutumiza zithunzi idakula bwino. Ndipo idasiya kutikomera. Vuto ndiloti khalidweli linkawoneka panthawi yomwe magalimoto ambiri anali ochuluka - kwa kampani yathu uno ndi usiku kuyambira Lamlungu mpaka Lolemba. Koma nthawi yonseyi dongosololi lidachita mwachizolowezi, palibe zizindikiro zolephera.
Komabe, vutolo linayenera kuthetsedwa. Tinazindikira zolepheretsa zotheka ndipo tinayamba kuzichotsa. Choyamba, inde, tidakulitsa zowonjezera zakunja, tidasanthula kwathunthu ma uplinks amkati, ndikupeza zovuta zonse zomwe zingatheke. Koma zonsezi sizinapereke zotsatira zoonekeratu, vutoli silinathe.
Chinanso chomwe chingalephereke chinali kugwira ntchito kwa ma cache azithunzi okha. Ndipo tinaganiza kuti mwina vuto ndi iwo. Chabwino, tidakulitsa magwiridwe antchito - makamaka madoko ochezera pazithunzi. Koma kachiwiri palibe kusintha kowonekera komwe kunawoneka. Pamapeto pake, tinayang'anitsitsa ntchito ya LTM yokha, ndipo apa tinawona chithunzi chomvetsa chisoni pazithunzi: katundu pa ma CPU onse amayamba kuyenda bwino, koma mwadzidzidzi amabwera kumtunda. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, LTM imasiya kuyankha mokwanira kuwunika zaumoyo ndi uplinks ndikuyamba kuzimitsa mwachisawawa, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ntchito.
Ndiko kuti, tapeza gwero la vuto, tazindikira cholepheretsa. Chatsala kuti tisankhe chomwe tichite.
Chinthu choyamba, chodziwikiratu chomwe tingachite ndikusinthira LTM yokha. Koma pali zina pano, chifukwa zidazi ndizopadera, simudzapita kusitolo yapafupi ndikugula. Ichi ndi mgwirizano wosiyana, mgwirizano walayisensi wosiyana, ndipo zidzatenga nthawi yambiri. Njira yachiwiri ndikuyamba kudziganizira nokha, bwerani ndi yankho lanu pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zanu, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yotsegula. Zomwe zatsala ndikusankha zomwe tidzasankhe pa izi komanso nthawi yochuluka yomwe titha kuthetsa vutoli, chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito sanali kulandira zithunzi zokwanira. Choncho, tiyenera kuchita zonsezi mofulumira kwambiri, wina akhoza kunena dzulo.
Popeza ntchitoyi inkawoneka ngati "chitani china chake mwachangu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe tili nazo," chinthu choyamba chomwe tidaganiza chinali kungochotsa makina opanda mphamvu kwambiri kutsogolo, kuyika Nginx pamenepo, yomwe timadziwa momwe tingachitire. gwiritsani ntchito ndikuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro onse omwewo omwe hardware idachita. Izi ndizo, kwenikweni, tinasiya hardware yathu, tinayika ma seva ena a 4 omwe tinayenera kuwakonza, kuwapangira madera akunja, mofanana ndi momwe zinalili zaka 10 zapitazo ... Tinataya pang'ono kupezeka ngati makinawa adagwa, koma komabe, adathetsa vuto la ogwiritsa ntchito kwathu kwanuko.
Chifukwa chake, malingaliro ake amakhalabe omwewo: timayika Nginx, imatha kutsitsa SSL, titha kukonza njira zowongolera, kuyang'ana thanzi pamakonzedwe ndikungobwereza zomwe tinali nazo kale.
Tiyeni tikhale pansi kulemba configs. Poyamba zinkawoneka kuti zonse zinali zophweka, koma, mwatsoka, n'zovuta kupeza zolemba za ntchito iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, sitikulangiza kungoyang'ana "momwe mungakhazikitsire Nginx pazithunzi": ndikwabwino kutchula zolembedwa zovomerezeka, zomwe zikuwonetsa makonda omwe ayenera kukhudzidwa. Koma ndikwabwino kusankha paramu yeniyeni. Chabwino, ndiye chirichonse chiri chophweka: timalongosola ma seva omwe tili nawo, timafotokozera ziphaso ... Koma chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi, kwenikweni, ndondomeko yoyendetsera yokha.
Poyamba zinkawoneka kwa ife kuti tikungofotokozera malo athu, kufanana ndi chiwerengero cha cache yathu ya chithunzi mmenemo, pogwiritsa ntchito manja athu kapena jenereta kuti tifotokoze kuchuluka kwa mitsinje yomwe tikufunikira, pamtunda uliwonse timasonyeza seva yomwe magalimoto ayenera kuyendera. pitani, ndi seva yosunga zobwezeretsera - ngati seva yayikulu palibe:
Koma, mwinamwake, ngati chirichonse chinali chophweka, ife tikanangopita kunyumba osanena kalikonse. Tsoka ilo, ndi makonzedwe osasinthika a Nginx, omwe, ambiri, adapangidwa kwa zaka zambiri zachitukuko ndipo sali oyenera pankhaniyi ... config ikuwoneka motere: ngati seva ina yakumtunda ili ndi vuto la pempho kapena kutha, Nginx nthawi zonse. amasintha magalimoto kupita kwina. Komanso, pambuyo pa kulephera koyamba, mkati mwa masekondi a 10 seva idzazimitsidwanso, molakwika komanso mochedwa - izi sizingakonzedwenso mwanjira iliyonse. Ndiye kuti, ngati tichotsa kapena kukonzanso njira yotsalira mumayendedwe akumtunda, ndiye kuti, ngakhale Nginx sichingayankhe pempholi ndipo idzayankha ndi zolakwika zina osati zabwino kwambiri, seva idzatseka.
Kuti tipewe izi, tinachita zinthu ziwiri:
a) adaletsa Nginx kuti asachite izi pamanja - ndipo mwatsoka, njira yokhayo yochitira izi ndikungoyika max akulephera makonda.
b) Tidakumbukira kuti m'mapulojekiti ena timagwiritsa ntchito gawo lomwe limatithandiza kuwunika thanzi lathu - motere, tidafufuza zaumoyo pafupipafupi kuti nthawi yopuma ikachitika ngozi ikhale yochepa.
Tsoka ilo, izi siziri zonse, chifukwa kwenikweni masabata awiri oyambilira a chiwembuchi adawonetsa kuti kuyang'ana thanzi la TCP ndi chinthu chosadalirika: pa seva yakumtunda sikungakhale Nginx, kapena Nginx ku D-state, komanso pamenepa kernel ivomereza kulumikizana, cheke chaumoyo chidzadutsa, koma sichigwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, tidasintha nthawi yomweyo ndi cheke chaumoyo http, tidapanga china chake, chomwe, ngati chibwerera 200, ndiye kuti zonse zimagwira ntchito mu script iyi. Mutha kuchita zomveka zowonjezera - mwachitsanzo, ngati ma seva a caching, onetsetsani kuti fayiloyo idayikidwa bwino:
Ndipo izi zingatigwirizane ndi ife, kupatula kuti panthawiyi dera lidabwereza zomwe hardware idachita. Koma tinkafuna kuchita bwino. M'mbuyomu, tinali ndi seva imodzi yosunga zobwezeretsera, ndipo izi mwina sizabwino kwambiri, chifukwa ngati muli ndi ma seva zana, ndiye kuti angapo akalephera nthawi imodzi, seva imodzi yosunga zobwezeretsera siyingathe kupirira katunduyo. Chifukwa chake, tidaganiza zogawira kusungitsako pamaseva onse: tidangopanga china chosiyana kumtunda, tidalemba ma seva onse pamenepo ndi magawo ena molingana ndi katundu omwe atha kutumizira, ndikuwonjezera macheke omwewo omwe tinali nawo kale :
Popeza n'zosatheka kupita kumtunda wina mkati mwa mtsinje umodzi wokwera, kunali koyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ngati mtsinje waukulu, umene tinangolembapo chosungira cholondola, chofunikira chazithunzi, sichinapezeke, tinangodutsa pa error_page kuti tibwerere, kuchokera. komwe tidapita kumtunda wakumtunda:
Ndipo powonjezera ma seva anayi, izi ndi zomwe tili nazo: tidasintha gawo la katunduyo - tidachotsa ku LTM kupita ku maseva awa, tidakhazikitsa malingaliro omwewo pamenepo, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokhazikika ndi mapulogalamu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo tidalandira bonasi yomwe ma seva awa amatha. kuchulukitsidwa, chifukwa atha kuperekedwa momwe angafunikire. Chabwino, choyipa chokha ndikuti tataya kupezeka kwakukulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito akunja. Koma panthawiyo tinayenera kusiya izi, chifukwa kunali koyenera kuthetsa vutoli mwamsanga. Kotero, ife tinachotsa mbali ya katunduyo, inali pafupi 40% panthawiyo, LTM inamva bwino, ndipo kwenikweni masabata awiri pambuyo pa vutolo, tinayamba kutumiza osati zopempha 45k pamphindi, koma 55k. M'malo mwake, tidakula ndi 20% - izi ndizowonekeratu zomwe sitinapereke kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo pambuyo pake anayamba kuganiza za momwe angathetsere vuto lotsalalo - kuonetsetsa kuti akupezeka kunja.
Tidapuma pang'ono, pomwe tidakambirana njira yomwe tingagwiritsire ntchito. Panali malingaliro owonetsetsa kudalirika pogwiritsa ntchito DNS, mothandizidwa ndi zolemba zina zolembedwera kunyumba, ndondomeko zoyendetsera maulendo ... panali zambiri zomwe mungasankhe, koma zinadziwika kale kuti pakupereka zithunzi zodalirika, muyenera kutchula wosanjikiza wina kuti. aziyang'anira izi. Timatcha makinawa otsogolera zithunzi. Pulogalamu yomwe tidadalira inali Keepalived:
Poyamba, kodi Keepalived imakhala ndi chiyani? Yoyamba ndi protocol ya VRRP, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri kwa ochezera pa intaneti, yomwe ili pazida zapaintaneti zomwe zimapereka kulolerana kwa adilesi yakunja ya IP yomwe makasitomala amalumikizana. Gawo lachiwiri ndi IPVS, IP pafupifupi seva, yolumikizana pakati pa ma rauta a zithunzi ndikuwonetsetsa kulolerana kwa zolakwika pamlingo uwu. Ndipo chachitatu - kufufuza thanzi.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi gawo loyamba: VRRP - ikuwoneka bwanji? Pali IP yeniyeni, yomwe ili ndi zolowera mu dns badoocdn.com, komwe makasitomala amalumikizana. Panthawi ina, timakhala ndi adilesi ya IP pa seva imodzi. Mapaketi osungidwa amayenda pakati pa ma seva pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya VRRP, ndipo ngati mbuyeyo asowa pa radar - seva yayambiranso kapena china chake, ndiye kuti seva yosunga zobwezeretsera imangotenga adilesi iyi ya IP - palibe zochita zamanja zomwe zimafunikira. Kusiyana pakati pa master ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera ndizofunikira kwambiri: kukwezeka kwake, m'pamenenso mwayi woti makinawo akhale akatswiri. Ubwino waukulu kwambiri ndikuti simuyenera kukhazikitsa ma adilesi a IP pa seva yokha, ndikwanira kuwafotokozera mu config, ndipo ngati ma adilesi a IP amafunikira malamulo oyendetsera, izi zikufotokozedwa mwachindunji mu config, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu ofanana ndi omwe afotokozedwera mu phukusi la VRRP. Simudzakumana ndi zinthu zachilendo.
Kodi izi zikuwoneka bwanji muzochita? Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati imodzi mwama seva yalephera? Mbuyeyo akangosowa, zosunga zobwezeretsera zathu zimasiya kulandira zotsatsa ndipo zimangokhala akatswiri. Patapita nthawi, tinakonza mbuye, kuyambiranso, kukweza Keepalived - zotsatsa zimafika ndi zofunika kwambiri kuposa zosunga zobwezeretsera, ndipo zosunga zobwezeretsera zimabwerera mmbuyo, zimachotsa ma adilesi a IP, palibe zochita zamanja zomwe ziyenera kuchitika.
Chifukwa chake, tatsimikizira kulekerera zolakwika kwa adilesi yakunja ya IP. Gawo lotsatira ndikulinganiza kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuchokera ku adilesi yakunja ya IP kupita ku ma rauta azithunzi omwe akuthetsa kale. Chilichonse chimamveka bwino ndi ma protocol ofananira. Izi mwina ndi robin yosavuta, kapena zinthu zovuta kwambiri, wrr, kulumikizana kwa mndandanda ndi zina zotero. Izi zikufotokozedwa muzolemba, palibe chapadera. Koma njira yobweretsera ... Apa tiyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa chake tinasankha mmodzi wa iwo. Izi ndi NAT, Direct Routing ndi TUN. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi yomweyo tinakonza zopereka gigabits 100 zamagalimoto kuchokera kumasamba. Ngati mukuyerekeza, mukufuna makhadi a gigabit 10, sichoncho? Makhadi 10 a gigabit mu seva imodzi adutsa kale, osachepera, lingaliro lathu la "zida zokhazikika". Ndiyeno tinakumbukira kuti sitimangopereka magalimoto, timapereka zithunzi.
Chapadera ndi chiyani? - Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magalimoto obwera ndi otuluka. Magalimoto obwera ndi ochepa, magalimoto otuluka ndiambiri:
Ngati muyang'ana pazithunzizi, mukhoza kuona kuti panthawiyi wotsogolera akulandira pafupifupi 200 MB pa sekondi imodzi, ili ndi tsiku wamba kwambiri. Timabwezera 4,500 MB pamphindikati, chiΕ΅erengero chathu chimakhala pafupifupi 1/22. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kuti tipereke kwathunthu magalimoto otuluka kwa ma seva 22 ogwira ntchito, timangofunikira imodzi yomwe imavomereza kulumikizana uku. Apa ndipamene ma algorithm olunjika amabwera kudzatithandiza.
Kodi zikuwoneka bwanji? Woyang'anira zithunzi wathu, malinga ndi tebulo lake, amatumiza zolumikizira ku ma routers azithunzi. Koma ma rauta a zithunzi amatumiza magalimoto obwerera mwachindunji ku intaneti, tumizani kwa kasitomala, sabwereranso kudzera pa wowongolera zithunzi, motero, ndi makina ocheperako, timatsimikizira kulolerana kwathunthu ndi kupopera magalimoto onse. Mu ma configs zikuwoneka ngati izi: timafotokozera ma algorithm, kwa ife ndi rr yosavuta, perekani njira yowongoka yachindunji ndikuyamba kulemba ma seva onse enieni, angati omwe tili nawo. Zomwe zidzatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Ngati tili ndi seva imodzi kapena ziwiri pamenepo, kapena ma seva angapo, kufunikira kotere kumabuka - timangowonjezera gawo ili pakukonzekera ndipo musadandaule kwambiri. Kuchokera kumbali ya ma seva enieni, kuchokera kumbali ya chithunzi cha rauta, njirayi imafuna kasinthidwe kochepa kwambiri, ikufotokozedwa bwino muzolemba, ndipo palibe misampha pamenepo.
Chomwe chili chabwino kwambiri ndichakuti yankho lotere silitanthauza kukonzanso kwapaintaneti komweko; izi zinali zofunika kwa ife; tidayenera kuthana ndi izi ndi ndalama zochepa. Ngati muyang'ana , ndiye tiwona momwe zimawonekera. Pano tili ndi seva yeniyeni, pa doko 443, imamvetsera, imavomereza kugwirizana, ma seva onse ogwira ntchito amalembedwa, ndipo mukhoza kuona kuti kugwirizanako ndiko, kupereka kapena kutenga, mofanana. Ngati tiyang'ana ziwerengero pa seva yomweyi, tili ndi mapaketi omwe akubwera, maulumikizidwe omwe akubwera, koma palibe omwe akutuluka. Malumikizidwe otuluka amapita mwachindunji kwa kasitomala. Chabwino, ife tinakhoza kusalinganiza izo. Tsopano, chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati imodzi mwa ma rauta athu alephera? Ndipotu chitsulo ndi chitsulo. Zitha kulowa mu kernel mantha, zitha kusweka, magetsi amatha kuyaka. Chirichonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyezetsa thanzi ndikofunikira. Zitha kukhala zophweka monga kuyang'ana momwe doko latseguka, kapena china chake chovuta kwambiri, mpaka malemba ena olembedwa kunyumba omwe angayang'anenso malingaliro a bizinesi.
Tinayima penapake pakati: tili ndi pempho la https kumalo enaake, script imatchedwa, ngati iyankha ndi yankho la 200, timakhulupirira kuti zonse zili bwino ndi seva iyi, kuti ili ndi moyo ndipo ikhoza kutsegulidwa ndithu. mosavuta.
Kodi izi, kachiwiri, zikuwoneka bwanji muzochita? Tiyeni tizimitsa seva kuti tikonzere - kuyatsa BIOS, mwachitsanzo. M'zipika nthawi yomweyo timakhala ndi nthawi yopuma, tikuwona mzere woyamba, ndiye pambuyo poyesera katatu umatchedwa "kulephera", ndipo umangochotsedwa pamndandanda.
Njira yachiwiri yamakhalidwe ndiyothekanso, VS ikangokhazikitsidwa ku zero, koma ngati chithunzicho chabwezedwa, izi sizikuyenda bwino. Seva imabwera, Nginx imayambira pamenepo, fufuzani zaumoyo nthawi yomweyo amamvetsetsa kuti kugwirizana kukugwira ntchito, kuti zonse zili bwino, ndipo seva ikuwonekera pamndandanda wathu, ndipo katunduyo amayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe zochita pamanja zomwe zimafunikira kuchokera kwa woyang'anira ntchito. Seva idayambiranso usiku - dipatimenti yowunikira simatiyimbira za izi usiku. Amakudziwitsani kuti izi zidachitika, zonse zili bwino.
Choncho, m'njira yosavuta, mothandizidwa ndi ma seva ochepa, tinathetsa vuto la kulekerera zolakwika zakunja.
Zomwe zimatsalira ndikuti zonsezi, ndithudi, ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Payokha, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti Keepalivede, monga mapulogalamu olembedwa kalekale, ali ndi njira zingapo zowunikira, pogwiritsa ntchito macheke kudzera pa DBus, SMTP, SNMP, ndi Zabbix wamba. Komanso, iye mwini amadziwa kulemba makalata pafupifupi aliyense sneezing, ndipo kunena zoona, pa nthawi ina ife tinaganiza ngakhale kuzimitsa izo, chifukwa iye amalemba zambiri makalata kusintha kulikonse magalimoto, kusintha pa, pa kugwirizana kulikonse IP, ndi zina zotero . Zoonadi, ngati pali ma seva ambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kudziletsa nokha ndi zilembo izi. Timayang'anira nginx pazithunzithunzi zazithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika, ndipo kuwunika kwa hardware sikunachoke. Tikhoza, ndithudi, kulangiza zinthu zina ziwiri: choyamba, kufufuza thanzi lakunja ndi kupezeka, chifukwa ngakhale chirichonse chikugwira ntchito, kwenikweni, mwinamwake ogwiritsa ntchito samalandira zithunzi chifukwa cha mavuto ndi opereka akunja kapena chinachake chovuta kwambiri. Ndikoyenera nthawi zonse kusunga kwinakwake pa netiweki ina, ku Amazon kapena kwinakwake, makina osiyana omwe amatha kuyimitsa ma seva anu kuchokera kunja, komanso ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira molakwika, kwa iwo omwe akudziwa momwe angaphunzitsire makina achinyengo, kapena kuwunika kosavuta. , osachepera kuti muwone ngati zopempha zatsika kwambiri, kapena, mosiyana, zawonjezeka. Zingakhalenso zothandiza.
Tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule: ife, m'malo mwake, tidalowa m'malo mwachitsulo chovala chitsulo, chomwe nthawi ina chinasiya kutikomera, ndi dongosolo losavuta lomwe limachita chilichonse chimodzimodzi, ndiye kuti, limapereka kutha kwa magalimoto a HTTPS ndi njira zina zanzeru ndi kuyezetsa thanzi kofunikira. Tawonjezera kukhazikika kwadongosolo lino, ndiye kuti, tikadali ndi kupezeka kwapamwamba pagawo lililonse, kuphatikiza tili ndi bonasi kuti ndizosavuta kuziyika zonse pagawo lililonse, chifukwa ndi hardware yokhazikika yokhala ndi pulogalamu yokhazikika, ndiye kuti , tachepetsa matenda omwe angakhalepo.
Tinamaliza ndi chiyani? Tidali ndi vuto patchuthi cha Januware 2018. M'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira pomwe tidayika dongosololi, tidakulitsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto onse kuti tichotse magalimoto onse ku LTM, tidakulira mumsewu umodzi wa data kuchokera ku 40 gigabits mpaka 60 gigabits, ndipo nthawi yomweyo chaka chonse cha 2018 adatha kutumiza pafupifupi zithunzi zambiri katatu pamphindikati.
Source: www.habr.com