Kampani ya URUS idayesa Kubernetes m'njira zosiyanasiyana: kudziyimira pawokha pazitsulo zopanda kanthu, mu Google Cloud, kenako ndikusamutsira nsanja yake kumtambo wa Mail.ru Cloud Solutions (MCS). Igor Shishkin akufotokozera momwe adasankhira wopereka mtambo watsopano komanso momwe adasamutsira ku mbiriyo maola awiri (), woyang'anira wamkulu ku URUS.
Kodi URUS imachita chiyani?
Pali njira zambiri zokongoletsera malo okhala m'tauni, ndipo imodzi mwa njirazo ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Izi ndi zomwe kampani ya URUS - Smart Digital Services ikugwira ntchito. Apa amakhazikitsa njira zomwe zimathandiza mabizinesi kuyang'anira zofunikira zachilengedwe ndikuchepetsa kuwononga kwawo chilengedwe. Zomverera kusonkhanitsa deta pa kapangidwe mpweya, mlingo phokoso ndi magawo ena, ndiyeno kuwatumiza kwa ogwirizana URUS-Ekomon nsanja kusanthula ndi kupanga malingaliro.
Momwe URUS imagwirira ntchito kuchokera mkati
Makasitomala wamba wa URUS ndi kampani yomwe ili mkati kapena pafupi ndi malo okhala. Izi zitha kukhala fakitale, doko, depot ya njanji kapena malo ena aliwonse. Ngati kasitomala wathu walandira kale chenjezo, analipiridwa chindapusa chifukwa choipitsa chilengedwe, kapena akufuna kupanga phokoso lochepa, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa, amabwera kwa ife, ndipo timamupatsa kale njira yokonzekera yowunikira chilengedwe.
Chithunzi chowunikira cha H2S chikuwonetsa mpweya wanthawi zonse wausiku kuchokera ku chomera chapafupi
Zida zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito ku URUS zili ndi masensa angapo omwe amasonkhanitsa zokhudzana ndi zomwe zili mu mpweya wina, phokoso la phokoso ndi deta zina kuti ziwone momwe chilengedwe chilili. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha masensa nthawi zonse chimatsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito yeniyeni.
Kutengera kutsimikizika kwa miyeso, zida zokhala ndi masensa zitha kupezeka pamakoma a nyumba, mizati ndi malo ena osasintha. Chida chilichonse chotere chimasonkhanitsa zidziwitso, kuziphatikiza ndikuzitumiza kunjira yolandirira deta. Kumeneko timasunga deta kuti tisunge nthawi yayitali ndikuyikonza kuti tifufuze motsatira. Chitsanzo chosavuta cha zomwe timapeza chifukwa cha kusanthula ndi ndondomeko ya mpweya, yomwe imatchedwanso AQI.
Mofananamo, mautumiki ena ambiri amagwira ntchito papulatifomu yathu, koma makamaka amakhala amtundu wautumiki. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yodziwitsa zidziwitso imatumiza zidziwitso kwa makasitomala ngati zina mwazomwe zimayang'aniridwa (mwachitsanzo, zomwe zili CO2) zimaposa mtengo wovomerezeka.
Momwe timasungira deta. Nkhani ya Kubernetes pazitsulo zopanda kanthu
Ntchito yowunikira zachilengedwe ya URUS ili ndi malo angapo osungiramo zinthu. Mu imodzi timasunga deta "yaiwisi" - zomwe tidalandira mwachindunji kuchokera kuzipangizo zomwezo. Kusungirako uku ndi tepi ya "magnetic", monga pa matepi akale a makaseti, ndi mbiri ya zizindikiro zonse. Mtundu wachiwiri wosungirako umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidziwitso zokonzedweratu - deta kuchokera ku zipangizo, zolemeretsedwa ndi metadata zokhudzana ndi kugwirizana pakati pa masensa ndi kuwerenga kwa zipangizo zomwezo, kugwirizana ndi mabungwe, malo, ndi zina zotero. zinasintha pakapita nthawi . Timagwiritsa ntchito "yaiwisi" yosungirako deta, pakati pa zinthu zina, monga zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi kubwezeretsa deta yomwe idakonzedweratu, ngati pakufunika kutero.
Pamene tinkafuna kuthetsa vuto lathu losungira zaka zingapo zapitazo, tinali ndi zosankha ziwiri papulatifomu: Kubernetes ndi OpenStack. Koma popeza chomalizacho chikuwoneka choyipa kwambiri (ingoyang'anani kamangidwe kake kuti mutsimikizire izi), tidakhazikika pa Kubernetes. Mtsutso wina womwe udali nawo unali wosavuta kuwongolera mapulogalamu, kuthekera kodula bwino ngakhale ma node a hardware malinga ndi zomwe zili.
Kufanana ndi kudziwa Kubernetes palokha, tidaphunziranso njira zosungira deta, pomwe tidasunga zosungira zathu zonse ku Kubernetes pazida zathu, tidalandira ukatswiri wabwino kwambiri. Chilichonse chomwe tidakhala nacho pa Kubernetes: kusungirako zinthu zonse, makina owunikira, CI/CD. Kubernetes yakhala nsanja yathu yonse.
Koma tinkafuna kugwira ntchito ndi Kubernetes ngati ntchito, osati kuchita nawo chithandizo ndi chitukuko. Kuphatikiza apo, sitinakonde kuti zidatitengera ndalama zingati kuti tisunge pazitsulo zopanda kanthu, ndipo timafunikira chitukuko nthawi zonse! Mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwa ntchito zoyamba inali kuphatikizira olamulira a Kubernetes Ingress muzotukuka zama network a bungwe lathu. Iyi ndi ntchito yovuta, makamaka poganizira kuti panthawiyo palibe chomwe chinali chokonzekera kasamalidwe kazinthu zamadongosolo monga ma DNS records kapena kugawa ma adilesi a IP. Pambuyo pake tinayamba kuyesa kusungirako deta kunja. Sitinafikepo pakukhazikitsa woyang'anira PVC, koma ngakhale izi zidawonekeratu kuti iyi inali gawo lalikulu la ntchito lomwe limafunikira akatswiri odzipereka.
Kusintha kupita ku Google Cloud Platform ndi yankho kwakanthawi
Tidazindikira kuti izi sizingapitirire, ndipo tidasuntha deta yathu kuchoka pazitsulo zopanda kanthu kupita ku Google Cloud Platform. M'malo mwake, panthawiyo panalibe zosankha zambiri zosangalatsa kwa kampani yaku Russia: kuphatikiza Google Cloud Platform, Amazon yokhayo idapereka ntchito yofananira, koma tidakhazikikabe pa yankho la Google. Ndiye zinkawoneka kwa ife zopindulitsa kwambiri zachuma, pafupi ndi Kumtunda, osanenapo kuti Google yokha ndi mtundu wa PoC Kubernetes mu Kupanga.
Vuto lalikulu loyamba lidawonekera pomwe makasitomala athu amakula. Pamene tinali ndi kufunikira kosunga deta yaumwini, tinayang'anizana ndi chisankho: kaya timagwira ntchito ndi Google ndikuphwanya malamulo a Russia, kapena tikuyang'ana njira ina ku Russian Federation. Chisankho chonsecho chinali chodziwikiratu. π
Momwe tidawonera ntchito yabwino yamtambo
Poyambira kusaka, tidadziwa kale zomwe tikufuna kupeza kuchokera kwa wopereka mtambo wamtsogolo. Kodi tinkafuna chiyani:
- Mofulumira komanso wosinthika. Kotero kuti tikhoza kuwonjezera mwamsanga mfundo yatsopano kapena kutumiza chinachake nthawi iliyonse.
- Zotsika mtengo. Tinkada nkhaΕ΅a kwambiri ndi nkhani ya zachuma, popeza tinali ndi zinthu zochepa. Tidadziwa kale kuti tikufuna kugwira ntchito ndi Kubernetes, ndipo tsopano ntchitoyo inali kuchepetsa mtengo wake kuti tiwonjezere kapena kusunga bwino kugwiritsa ntchito yankholi.
- Zochita zokha. Tidakonzekera kugwira ntchito ndi ntchitoyi kudzera mu API, popanda oyang'anira ndi kuyimbira foni kapena nthawi zomwe tikufunika kukweza ma node angapo pamwambo wadzidzidzi. Popeza zambiri mwazinthu zathu zimangochitika zokha, tinkayembekezera zomwezo kuchokera pautumiki wamtambo.
- Ndi ma seva ku Russian Federation. Zachidziwikire, tidakonzekera kutsatira malamulo aku Russia komanso 152-FZ yomweyo.
Panthawiyo, panali ochepa a Kubernetes aaS operekera ku Russia, ndipo posankha wothandizira, kunali kofunika kuti tisasokoneze zomwe tikufuna. Gulu la Mail.ru Cloud Solutions, lomwe tidayamba kugwira nawo ntchito ndipo tikugwirabe ntchito, lidatipatsa ntchito yokhazikika, yothandizidwa ndi API komanso gulu lowongolera lomwe limaphatikizapo Horizon - ndi iyo titha kukweza mwachangu ma node ambiri.
Mmene tinatha kusamukira ku MCS mβmaola aΕ΅iri
Muzochitika zotere, makampani ambiri amakumana ndi zovuta ndi zopinga, koma kwa ife kunalibe. Tinali ndi mwayi: popeza tinali tikugwira ntchito kale Kubernetes kusamukako kusanayambe, tinangokonza mafayilo atatu ndikuyambitsa ntchito zathu pamtambo watsopano, MCS. Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti panthawiyo tinali titasiya zitsulo zopanda kanthu ndikukhala pa Google Cloud Platform. Chifukwa chake, kusuntha komweko sikunatenge maola opitilira awiri, kuphatikiza nthawi yochulukirapo (pafupifupi ola limodzi) idagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopera deta kuchokera pazida zathu. Kalelo tinali kugwiritsa ntchito Spinnaker (ntchito ya CD yamitundu yambiri kuti tipereke Kutumiza Kopitilira). Tinawonjezeranso mwamsanga kumagulu atsopano ndikupitiriza kugwira ntchito monga mwachizolowezi.
Chifukwa cha makina opangira chitukuko ndi CI / CD, Kubernetes ku URUS imayendetsedwa ndi katswiri mmodzi (ndipo ndi ine). Panthawi ina, woyang'anira dongosolo wina adagwira ntchito nane, koma zidapezeka kuti tinali titapanga kale machitidwe onse akuluakulu ndipo panali ntchito zambiri pa gawo lathu lalikulu ndipo zinali zomveka kutsogolera zothandizira pa izi.
Tinalandira zomwe timayembekezera kuchokera kwa wopereka mtambo, popeza tinayamba mgwirizano popanda chinyengo. Ngati panali zochitika zilizonse, zinali zaukadaulo komanso zomwe zitha kufotokozedwa mosavuta ndi kusinthika kwautumiki. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti gulu la MCS limachotsa mwamsanga zolakwa ndikuyankha mwamsanga mafunso mwa amithenga.
Ngati ndifananiza zomwe ndakumana nazo ndi Google Cloud Platform, kwa iwo sindimadziwa komwe batani loyankha linali, popeza panalibe chifukwa chake. Ndipo ngati vuto lililonse lidachitika, Google yokha idatumiza zidziwitso unilaterally. Koma pankhani ya MCS, ndikuganiza kuti phindu lalikulu ndiloti ali pafupi kwambiri ndi makasitomala a ku Russia - ponse pa malo ndi m'maganizo.
Momwe timawonera tikugwira ntchito ndi mitambo m'tsogolomu
Tsopano ntchito yathu ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi Kubernetes, ndipo imatikomera ife kuchokera pakuwona ntchito za zomangamanga. Choncho, sitikukonzekera kusamukira kulikonse, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse tikuyambitsa machitidwe ndi ntchito zatsopano kuti tichepetse ntchito zomwe timachita nthawi zonse ndikusintha zatsopano, kuwonjezera kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa mautumiki ... Tsopano tikuyambitsa ntchito ya Chaos Monkey (makamaka , timagwiritsa ntchito chaoskube, koma izi sizisintha lingaliro : ), lomwe poyamba linapangidwa ndi Netflix. Chisokonezo Monkey amachita chinthu chimodzi chophweka: amachotsa poda ya Kubernetes mwachisawawa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti ntchito yathu ikhale bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa zochitika n-1, kotero timadziphunzitsa kukhala okonzekera zovuta zilizonse.
Tsopano ndikuwona kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera chipani chachitatu - nsanja zamtambo zomwezo - monga chinthu chokhacho choyenera kwa makampani achichepere. Kawirikawiri, kumayambiriro kwa ulendo wawo, amakhala ndi zinthu zochepa, zonse zaumunthu ndi zachuma, ndipo kumanga ndi kusunga mtambo wawo kapena malo a data ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso ogwira ntchito. Othandizira pamtambo amakulolani kuti muchepetse ndalamazi; mutha kupeza mwachangu kuchokera kwa iwo zofunikira zogwirira ntchito pano ndi pano, ndikulipira izi zitachitika. Ponena za kampani ya URUS, tikhalabe okhulupirika kwa Kubernetes mumtambo pakadali pano. Koma ndani akudziwa, tingafunike kukulitsa malo, kapena kukhazikitsa mayankho kutengera zida zina. Kapenanso kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kungalungamitse Kubernetes pazitsulo zopanda kanthu, monga m'masiku akale. π
Zomwe taphunzira pogwira ntchito ndi mautumiki amtambo
Tinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito Kubernetes pazitsulo zopanda kanthu, ndipo ngakhale kumeneko zinali zabwino mwa njira yakeyake. Koma mphamvu zake zidawululidwa ndendende ngati gawo la aaS mumtambo. Mukakhazikitsa cholinga ndikusinthira zonse momwe mungathere, mudzatha kupewa kutseka kwa ogulitsa ndikusuntha pakati pa opereka mtambo kudzatenga maola angapo, ndipo ma cell amitsempha amakhalabe nafe. Titha kulangiza makampani ena: ngati mukufuna kuyambitsa ntchito yanu (mtambo), kukhala ndi zinthu zochepa komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwachitukuko, yambani pompano pobwereka zinthu zamtambo, ndikumanga malo anu a data Forbes atalemba za inu.
Source: www.habr.com