Sabata yapitayo, Nikita Alexandrov, Data Scientist ku Unity Ads, adalankhula pamasamba athu ochezera, komwe amawongolera njira zosinthira. Nikita tsopano akukhala ku Finland, ndipo mwa zina, analankhula za moyo wa IT m’dzikolo.
Timagawana nanu zolembedwa ndi kujambula kwa zokambiranazo.
Dzina langa ndine Nikita Aleksandrov, ndinakulira ku Tatarstan ndipo ndinamaliza sukulu kumeneko, ndikuchita nawo masamu olympiads. Pambuyo pake, adalowa mu Faculty of Computer Science ku Higher School of Economics ndipo anamaliza digiri yake ya bachelor kumeneko. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka changa cha 4 ndinapita ku maphunziro osinthana ndikukhala semester ku Finland. Ndinazikonda kumeneko, ndinalowa pulogalamu ya masters ku yunivesite ya Aalto, ngakhale sindinamalize kwathunthu - ndinamaliza maphunziro onse ndikuyamba kulemba zolemba zanga, koma ndinasiya kugwira ntchito ku Unity popanda kulandira digiri yanga. Tsopano ndimagwira ntchito ku Unity data science, dipatimentiyi imatchedwa Operate Solutions (poyamba inkatchedwa Monetization); Gulu langa limapereka mwachindunji kutsatsa. Ndiko kuti, kutsatsa kwamasewera - komwe kumawoneka mukamasewera masewera am'manja ndipo muyenera kupeza moyo wowonjezera, mwachitsanzo. Ndikugwira ntchito yokonza zosintha zotsatsa - ndiye kuti, kupangitsa wosewerayo kuti azitha kudina pazotsatsa.
Munasamuka bwanji?
Choyamba, ndinabwera ku Finland kudzaphunzira semesita yosinthana ndi anthu, kenako ndinabwerera ku Russia ndi kukamaliza dipuloma. Kenako ndinalowa pulogalamu ya masters ku yunivesite ya Aalto mu kuphunzira makina / sayansi ya data. Popeza ndinali wophunzira wosinthana nawo, sindinkafunikira ngakhale kulemba mayeso achingelezi; Ndinachita mosavuta, ndinadziwa zomwe ndikuchita. Ndakhala kuno kwa zaka zitatu tsopano.
Kodi Chifinishi ndichofunika?
Ndikofunikira ngati mukufuna kuphunzira pano digiri ya bachelor. Pali mapulogalamu ochepa mu Chingerezi a bachelors; muyenera Chifinishi kapena Swedish - ichi ndi chilankhulo chachiwiri, mayunivesite ena amaphunzitsa mu Swedish. Koma m'mapulogalamu a masters ndi PhD, mapulogalamu ambiri ali mu Chingerezi. Ngati tilankhula za kulankhulana tsiku ndi tsiku ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, anthu ambiri pano amalankhula Chingerezi, pafupifupi 90%. Nthawi zambiri anthu amakhala kwa zaka zambiri (mnzanga amakhala zaka 20) popanda chinenero Finnish.
Inde, ngati mukufuna kukhala pano, muyenera kumvetsetsa Chifinishi pamlingo wodzaza mafomu - dzina lomaliza, dzina loyamba, ndi zina zotero.
Kodi mtundu wamaphunziro umasiyana ndi mayunivesite aku Russia Federation? Kodi amapereka maziko onse ofunikira a chipangizo chaching'ono?
Ubwino ndi wosiyana. Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti ku Russia akuyesera kuphunzitsa zinthu zambiri nthawi imodzi: ma equation osiyana, masamu apadera ndi zina zambiri. M'malo mwake, muyenera kutenga zina zowonjezera, monga maphunziro kapena dissertation, phunzirani zatsopano nokha, phunzirani maphunziro. Apa zinali zophweka kwa ine mu pulogalamu ya ambuye; Ndinkadziwa zambiri zomwe zinkachitika. Apanso, ku Finland, bachelor sanayambebe katswiri; pali kusiyana kotereku. Tsopano, ngati muli ndi digiri ya masters, ndiye kuti mutha kupeza ntchito. Ndinganene kuti m'mapulogalamu a masters ku Finland maluso a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi ofunikira, ndikofunikira kutenga nawo mbali, kukhala okangalika; pali ntchito zofufuza. Ngati pali kafukufuku amene ali chidwi kwa inu, ndipo mukufuna kukumba mozama, ndiye inu mukhoza kupeza kulankhula pulofesa, ntchito mbali imeneyi, ndi kukhala.
Ndiko kuti, yankho ndi "inde," koma muyenera kukhala ochezeka, kumamatira mwayi uliwonse ngati ulipo. Mmodzi mwa anzanga adapita kukagwira ntchito ku Chigwa - pali pulogalamu ku yunivesite yomwe imayang'ana zoyambira zoyenera ndikukonza zoyankhulana. Ndikuganiza kuti adapita ku CERN pambuyo pake.
Kodi kampani yaku Finland imalimbikitsa bwanji antchito, phindu lake ndi lotani?
Kupatula zodziwikiratu (malipiro), pali zopindulitsa pagulu. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa tchuthi chakumayi kwa makolo. Pali inshuwaransi yazaumoyo, masheya, zosankha. Pali kuchuluka kwachilendo kwa masiku atchuthi. Palibe chapadera, kwenikweni.
Tili ndi sauna muofesi yathu, mwachitsanzo.
Palinso makuponi - ndalama zina za nkhomaliro, zoyendera anthu, zochitika zachikhalidwe ndi zamasewera (myuziyamu, masewera).
Kodi wophunzira waumunthu angalimbikitse chiyani kuti alowe mu IT?
Bwerezani maphunziro akusukulu ndikulowa HSE? Olemba mapulogalamu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masamu / Olympiads ...
Ndikulangiza, ndithudi, kuti muwongolere masamu anu. Koma sikoyenera kubwereza maphunziro a sukulu. Zowonjezereka, ziyenera kubwerezedwa pokhapokha ngati simukumbukira kalikonse. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kusankha IT yomwe mukufuna kulowa. Kuti mukhale wopanga patsogolo, simuyenera kudziwa masamu: mumangofunika kuchita maphunziro apamwamba ndikuphunzira. Mnzanga posachedwa adaganiza zolembetsa maphunziro ochokera ku Accenture, pano akuphunzira Scala; Iye si waumunthu, koma analibe chidziwitso cha mapulogalamu. Kutengera ndi zomwe mukufuna kupanga ndi zomwe, mumafunikira masamu osiyanasiyana. Zachidziwikire, luso la Machine Learning limafunikira masamu, mwanjira ina. Koma, ngati mukungofuna kuyesa, pali maphunziro ambiri osiyanasiyana, chidziwitso chotseguka, malo omwe mungathe kusewera ndi neural network kapena kumanga nokha, kapena kukopera okonzeka, kusintha magawo ndikuwona momwe zimasinthira. Zonse zimatengera mphamvu zolimbikitsa.
Ngati si chinsinsi - malipiro, zochitika, mumalemba chiyani?
Ndimalemba mu Python - ndi chilankhulo chapadziko lonse lapansi chophunzirira makina ndi sayansi ya data. Zochitika - anali ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana; Ndinali injiniya wosavuta m'makampani angapo, ndinali pa internship kwa miyezi ingapo ku Moscow. Ndinalibe ntchito yanthawi zonse pamaso pa Unity. Ndinabweranso kumeneko monga wophunzira, ndinagwira ntchito kwa miyezi 9, kenako ndinapuma, ndipo tsopano ndagwira ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi. Malipiro ndi opikisana, pamwamba pa chigawo chapakati. Katswiri woyamba adzalandira kuchokera ku 3500 EUR; Izi zimasiyanasiyana kumakampani ndi makampani. Kawirikawiri, 3.5-4 ndi malipiro oyambira.
Ndi mabuku ndi maphunziro ati omwe mumalimbikitsa?
Sindikonda makamaka kuphunzira kuchokera m'mabuku - ndikofunikira kuti ndiyese ntchentche; tsitsani china chake chomwe chapangidwa kale ndikuyesa nokha. Ndimadziona ngati woyesera kwambiri, kotero sindingathe kuthandiza ndi mabuku. Koma ndidawonera zoyankhulana zina komanso zowulutsa zamoyo pano, pomwe wokamba wachiwiri amalankhula mwatsatanetsatane za mabuku.
Pali maphunziro osiyanasiyana. Ngati mukufuna kuyesa algorithm, tengani dzina la algorithm, njira, makalasi a njira, ndikulowetsa mukusaka. Chilichonse chomwe chimabwera ngati ulalo woyamba, ndiye yang'anani.
Imakhala yaukhondo kwanthawi yayitali bwanji?
Pambuyo pamisonkho - muyenera kutenga misonkho kuphatikiza 8% (yomwe si msonkho, koma msonkho) - 2/3 yamalipiro amatsalira. Mtengowu ndi wamphamvu - mukamalandira ndalama zambiri, msonkho umakwera.
Ndi makampani ati omwe amafunsira kutsatsa?
Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti Unity / Unity Ads akuchita nawo masewera otsatsa amafoni. Ndiko kuti, tili ndi niche, timadziwa bwino masewera am'manja, mutha kuwapanga mu Umodzi. Mukangolemba masewera, mukufuna kupanga ndalama kuchokera pamenepo, ndipo kupanga ndalama ndi njira imodzi.
Kampani iliyonse imatha kulembetsa kutsatsa - malo ogulitsira pa intaneti, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zachuma. Aliyense amafuna kutsatsa. Makamaka, makasitomala athu akuluakulu ndi opanga masewera am'manja.
Ndi mapulojekiti ati omwe muyenera kuchita kuti muwongolere luso lanu?
Funso labwino. Ngati tikukamba za sayansi ya data, muyenera kudzikweza nokha kudzera mu maphunziro a pa intaneti (mwachitsanzo, Stanford ali nawo) kapena yunivesite yapaintaneti. Pali nsanja zosiyanasiyana zomwe muyenera kulipira - mwachitsanzo, Udacity. Pali ntchito zapakhomo, mavidiyo, kulangiza, koma zosangalatsa sizotsika mtengo.
Kuchepetsa zokonda zanu (mwachitsanzo, mtundu wina wa maphunziro olimbikitsa), m'pamenenso zimakhala zovuta kupeza mapulojekiti. Mutha kuyesa kutenga nawo gawo pamipikisano ya kaggle: pitani ku kaggle.com, pali mipikisano yambiri yophunzirira makina kumeneko. Mumatenga chinachake chomwe chiri kale ndi mtundu wina wa maziko; download ndi kuyamba kuchita izo. Ndiye kuti, pali njira zambiri: mutha kuphunzira nokha, mutha kutenga maphunziro a pa intaneti - kwaulere kapena kulipidwa, mutha kuchita nawo mpikisano. Ngati mukufuna kuyang'ana ntchito pa Facebook, Google, ndi zina zotero, ndiye kuti muyenera kuphunzira kuthetsa mavuto algorithmic - ndiko kuti, muyenera kupita ku LeetCode, kupeza luso lanu kumeneko kuti mupambane zoyankhulana.
Fotokozani njira yachidule yamaphunziro a Machine Learning?
Ndikukuuzani momveka bwino, osadziyerekeza kukhala wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mukayamba kuchita masamu ku Uni, muyenera kudziwa komanso kumvetsetsa za algebra, kuthekera ndi ziwerengero. Pambuyo pake, wina akukuuzani za ML; ngati mumakhala mumzinda waukulu, payenera kukhala masukulu omwe amapereka maphunziro a ML. Wodziwika kwambiri ndi SHAD, Yandex School of Data Analysis. Ngati mutapambana ndipo mutha kuphunzira kwa zaka ziwiri, mudzapeza maziko onse a ML. Muyenera kukulitsa luso lanu pakufufuza ndi ntchito.
Ngati pali zosankha zina: mwachitsanzo, Tinkov ali ndi maphunziro a makina ophunzirira ndi mwayi wopeza ntchito ku Tinkoff atamaliza maphunziro awo. Ngati izi ndi zabwino kwa inu, lowani nawo maphunzirowa. Pali zolowera zosiyana: mwachitsanzo, ShaD ili ndi mayeso olowera.
Ngati simukufuna kuchita maphunziro okhazikika, mutha kuyamba ndi maphunziro apaintaneti, omwe ndi ochulukirapo. Zimatengera inu; ngati muli ndi Chingerezi chabwino, chabwino, zikhala zosavuta kuzipeza. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti palinso china chake. Maphunziro omwewo a ShaD amapezeka pagulu.
Atalandira maziko ongolankhula, mukhoza kupita patsogolo - kwa internship, kafukufuku, ndi zina zotero.
Kodi ndizotheka kuphunzira kuphunzira makina nokha? Kodi mwakumanapo ndi wopanga mapulogalamu wotere?
Ndikuganiza kuti inde. Mumangofunika kukhala ndi chilimbikitso champhamvu. Wina akhoza kuphunzira Chingerezi payekha, mwachitsanzo, koma wina ayenera kutenga maphunziro, ndipo ndi njira yokhayo yomwe munthuyu angaphunzire. Ndi chimodzimodzi ndi ML. Ngakhale sindikudziwa wolemba mapulogalamu yemwe waphunzira zonse payekha, mwina ndilibe odziwa zambiri; anzanga onse anangophunzira mwachizolowezi. Sindikuganiza kuti muyenera kuphunzira 100% motere: chinthu chachikulu ndi chikhumbo chanu, nthawi yanu. Inde, ngati mulibe maziko a masamu, muyenera kuthera nthawi yochuluka kuti mukulitse.
Kuphatikiza pa kumvetsetsa zomwe zikutanthawuza kukhala wasayansi wa data: Sindichita data sci ndekha.
ence ngati kafukufuku. Kampani yathu si labotale komwe timapanga njira titadzitsekera mu labotale kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndimagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi kupanga, ndipo ndimafunikira luso laukadaulo; Ndiyenera kulemba ma code ndikukhala ndi luso la uinjiniya kuti ndimvetsetse zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Anthu nthawi zambiri amasiya izi akamalankhula za sayansi ya data. Pali nkhani zambiri za anthu omwe ali ndi ma PhD omwe amalemba zosawerengeka, zoyipa, zosasinthika komanso kukhala ndi mavuto akulu ataganiza zopita kumakampani. Ndiko kuti, kuphatikiza ndi Kuphunzira kwa Makina, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za luso laukadaulo.
Sayansi ya data ndi malo omwe salankhula okha. Mutha kupeza ntchito ku kampani yomwe imachita ndi sayansi ya data, ndipo mudzalemba mafunso a SQL, kapena padzakhala kuwongolera kosavuta. M'malo mwake, izi ndikuphunziranso pamakina, koma kampani iliyonse ili ndi chidziwitso chake chomwe sayansi ya data ili. Mwachitsanzo, mnzanga pa Facebook adanena kuti sayansi ya data ndi pamene anthu amangoyesa zowerengera: dinani mabatani, sonkhanitsani zotsatira ndikuziwonetsa. Nthawi yomweyo, ine ndekha ndikuwongolera njira zosinthira ndi ma aligorivimu; m'makampani ena apaderawa amatha kutchedwa injiniya wophunzirira makina. Zinthu zitha kukhala zosiyana m'makampani osiyanasiyana.
Ndi malaibulale ati omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito?
Timagwiritsa ntchito Keras ndi TensorFlow. PyTorch ndizothekanso - izi sizofunikira, zimakulolani kuchita zinthu zomwezo - koma panthawi ina adaganiza zozigwiritsa ntchito. Ndi kupanga komwe kulipo kumakhala kovuta kusintha.
Umodzi sikuti umangokhala ndi asayansi a data omwe amakhathamiritsa ma aligorivimu otembenuka, komanso GameTune ndi chinthu chomwe mumawongolera ma metric potengera phindu kapena kusungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maphunziro osiyanasiyana. Tiyerekeze kuti wina adasewera masewerawo ndipo adati: Sindikumvetsa, sindikufuna - adasiya; Ndikosavuta kwa ena, koma m'malo mwake, adasiyanso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake GameTune ikufunika - njira yomwe imagwirizana ndi zovuta zamasewera kutengera luso la wosewera, kapena mbiri yamasewera, kapena kangati amagula china chake mu pulogalamu.
Palinso Unity Labs - mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito Google. Pali kanema komwe mumatenga bokosi la phala, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kuli masewera ngati mazes - koma amagwirizana ndi zenizeni zenizeni, ndipo mukhoza kumuwongolera munthuyo pa makatoni. Zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri.
Mutha kulankhula mwachindunji za Unity Ads. Ngati mwaganiza zolemba masewera, ndikusankha kusindikiza ndikupanga ndalama, muyenera kuthana ndi zovuta zina.
Ndiyamba ndi chitsanzo: Apple adalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa iOS 14. M'menemo, wosewera mpira akhoza kulowa mu pulogalamuyi ndikunena kuti sakufuna kugawana ID yake ya Chipangizo ndi aliyense. Komabe, akuvomereza kuti khalidwe la malonda lidzawonongeka. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndizovuta kwa ife chifukwa ngati sitingathe kukuzindikirani, ndiye kuti sitidzatha kusonkhanitsa ma metrics ena, ndipo tikhala ndi zambiri zochepa za inu. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa wasayansi wa data kukhathamiritsa ntchito m'dziko lomwe limadzipereka kwambiri pazinsinsi komanso kuteteza deta - pali data yocheperako, komanso njira zomwe zilipo.
Kuphatikiza pa Umodzi, pali zimphona ngati Facebook ndi Google - ndipo, zikuwoneka, chifukwa chiyani timafunikira Unity Ads? Koma muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti maukonde otsatsa awa amatha kugwira ntchito mosiyana m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Kunena zoona, pali mayiko a Gawo 1 (America, Canada, Australia); Pali mayiko a Gawo 2 (Asia), pali mayiko a Gawo 2 (India, Brazil). Maukonde otsatsa amatha kugwira ntchito mosiyana mwa iwo. Mtundu wa malonda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofunikanso. Kodi ndi mtundu wamba, kapena malonda "opindulitsa" - pamene, mwachitsanzo, kuti mupitirize kuchokera kumalo omwewo masewera atatha, muyenera kuwonera malonda. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsatsa, anthu osiyanasiyana. M'mayiko ena, maukonde amodzi otsatsa amagwira bwino ntchito, ena, ena. Ndipo monga cholembera chowonjezera, ndamva kuti kuphatikiza kwa Google AdMob ndikovuta kwambiri kuposa Unity's.
Ndiye kuti, ngati mudapanga masewera mu Umodzi, ndiye kuti mumaphatikizidwa mu Unity Ads. Kusiyana kwake ndikosavuta kuphatikiza. Ndingapangire chiyani: pali chinthu monga kuyimira pakati; ili ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana: mutha kuyika malo mu "mathithi" otsatsa malonda. Mukhoza kunena, mwachitsanzo, izi: Ndikufuna kuti Facebook iwonetsedwe poyamba, kenako Google, kenako Unity. Ndipo, ngati Facebook ndi Google zisankha kusawonetsa zotsatsa, Unity idzatero. Mukakhala ndi maukonde otsatsa ambiri, zimakhala zabwinoko. Izi zitha kuganiziridwa ngati ndalama, koma mukugulitsa ma network osiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi.
Mutha kuyankhulanso zomwe zimafunikira kuti kampeni yotsatsa ikhale yabwino. M'malo mwake, palibe chapadera apa: muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kutsatsa kuli kogwirizana ndi zomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kusaka YouTube "mafia ads mafia" ndikuwona momwe kutsatsa sikungagwirizane ndi zomwe zili. Palinso pulogalamu yotchedwa Homescapes (kapena Gardenscapes?). Zingakhale zovuta ngati kampeniyo yakhazikitsidwa molondola: kotero kuti kutsatsa kwa Chingerezi kumawonetsedwa kwa omvera olankhula Chingerezi, komanso mu Russian kwa omvera olankhula Chirasha. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zolakwika pa izi: anthu samamvetsetsa, amaziyika mwachisawawa.
Muyenera kupanga mavidiyo osiyanasiyana ozizira, ganizirani za mtundu, ganizirani momwe mungasinthire. M'makampani akuluakulu, anthu apadera amachita izi - oyang'anira ogula. Ngati ndinu wopanga mapulogalamu amodzi, ndiye kuti simukusowa izi, kapena mumazifuna mutakwaniritsa kukula kwina.
Zolinga zanu zamtsogolo ndi zotani?
Ndikugwirabe ntchito komwe ndili pano. Mwina ndidzapeza nzika Finnish - izi n'zotheka pambuyo 5 zaka okhala (ngati zosakwana zaka 30, inunso muyenera kutumikira, ngati munthuyo sanachite zimenezi m'dziko lina).
N’chifukwa chiyani munasamukira ku Finland?
Inde, ili si dziko lodziwika kwambiri kuti katswiri wa IT asamukireko. Anthu ambiri amasamuka ndi mabanja chifukwa pali mapindu abwino ochezera pano - masukulu a kindergarten, nazale, ndi tchuthi chakumayi kwa kholo lililonse. Chifukwa chiyani ndasuntha ndekha? Ndikanakonda kulikonse, koma Finland ili pafupi kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe; Pali zosiyana ndi Russia, ndithudi, koma palinso zofanana. Iye ndi wamng'ono, wotetezeka, ndipo sangalowe m'mavuto aakulu aliwonse. Iyi si America wamba, komwe mungapeze purezidenti yemwe sakukondedwa, ndipo china chake chidzayamba chifukwa cha izi; osati Great Britain, yomwe mwadzidzidzi ikufuna kuchoka ku EU, ndipo padzakhalanso mavuto. Pali anthu 5 miliyoni okha pano. Ngakhale mliri wa coronavirus, Finland idapirira bwino poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena.
Kodi mukukonzekera kubwerera ku Russia?
Ine sindipita panobe. Palibe chomwe chingandiletse kuchita izi, koma ndikumva bwino pano. Komanso, ngati ndigwira ntchito ku Russia, ndiyenera kulembetsa usilikali, ndipo ndikhoza kulembedwa.
Za mapulogalamu a masters ku Finland
Palibe chapadera. Ngati tilankhula za zomwe zili m'maphunzirowa, zimangokhala ma slide; pali mfundo zongopeka, semina yokhala ndi machitidwe, pomwe chiphunzitsochi chimakulitsidwa, ndiye mayeso azinthu zonsezi (nthano ndi ntchito).
Chiwonetsero: iwo sadzachotsedwa pulogalamu ya masters. Ngati simupambana mayeso, mudzangoyenera kuchita maphunzirowa mu semesita yotsatira. Pali malire pa nthawi yonse yophunzira: kwa digiri ya bachelor - osapitirira zaka 7, kwa digiri ya master - zaka 4. Mutha kumaliza zonse mosavuta m'zaka ziwiri, kupatula kosi imodzi, ndikuyitambasula kupitilira zaka ziwiri, kapena kuchita maphunziro apamwamba.
Kodi ntchito ku Moscow ndi ku Finland ndizosiyana kwambiri?
sindinganene. Makampani omwewo a IT, ntchito zomwezo. Mwachikhalidwe ndi tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi bwino, ntchito ili pafupi, mzindawu ndi wawung'ono. Golosale ndi mphindi imodzi kuchokera kwa ine, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi atatu, ntchito ndi twente-faifi, khomo ndi khomo. Ndimakonda masaizi; Sindinakhalepo m'mizinda yabwino ngati imeneyi, momwe zonse zili pafupi. Chilengedwe chokongola, gombe lili pafupi.
Koma pankhani ya ntchito, ndikuganiza zonse, kuphatikiza kapena kuchotsera, ndizofanana. Pankhani ya msika wogwira ntchito ku IT ku Finland, pankhani yophunzira pamakina, ena amazindikira kuti pazapadera zokhudzana ndi ML, PhD kapena digiri ya master ndiyofunikira. Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zisintha m'tsogolomu. Pali tsankho pano: ngati muli ndi digiri ya bachelor, ndiye kuti simungakhale katswiri wophunzitsidwa, koma ngati muli ndi digiri ya masters, muli ndi luso ndipo mutha kugwira ntchito. Ndipo ngati muli ndi PhD, ndiye kuti zonse zili bwino, ndipo mutha kuchita kafukufuku wa IT. Ngakhale, zikuwoneka kwa ine, ngakhale anthu omwe amaliza PhD yawo sangaphatikizidwe kwathunthu mu malonda, ndipo sangamvetse kuti makampaniwa sizinthu zokhazokha ndi njira, komanso bizinesi. Ngati simukumvetsa bizinesi, ndiye kuti sindikudziwa momwe mungakulitsire kampani ndikumvetsetsa momwe meta-system yonseyi imagwirira ntchito.
Chifukwa chake lingaliro losamukira kusukulu yomaliza ndikupeza ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndizovuta; ngati mutasamukira ku Finland ndi digiri ya bachelor, ndinu osadziwika. Muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chantchito kuti munene: Ndimagwira ntchito ku Yandex, Mail, Kaspersky Lab, ndi zina.
Kodi mungakhale bwanji pa 500 EUR ku Finland?
Inu mukhoza kukhala ndi moyo. Ngati ndinu wophunzira, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti simudzakhala ndi maphunziro; EU ikhoza kupereka ndalama, koma kwa ophunzira osinthana okha. Ngati mukulowa ku yunivesite ku Finland, muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe mungakhalire. Pali zingapo zomwe mungachite; ngati mungalembetse mu pulogalamu ya masters yokhala ndi PhD track (ndiko kuti, nthawi imodzi mu pulogalamu ya masters ndi PhD), ndiye kuti kuyambira chaka choyamba mudzachita ntchito yofufuza ndikulandila ndalama.
Zing'onozing'ono, koma zidzakhala zokwanira kwa wophunzira. Njira yachiwiri ndi ntchito yanthawi yochepa; mwachitsanzo, ndinali wothandizira pa maphunziro ena ndipo ndinkapeza 400 EUR pamwezi.
Mwa njira, Finland ili ndi zopindulitsa zabwino za ophunzira. Mutha kusamukira ku dorm kwa 300 kapena 200 EUR pachipinda chilichonse, mutha kudya mu canteens za ophunzira ndi mtengo wokhazikika (chilichonse chomwe mumayika pa mbale yanu ndi 2.60 EUR). Ena amayesa kudya chakudya cham'mawa, chamasana ndi chakudya chamadzulo m'chipinda chodyera kwa 2.60; ngati muchita izi, mutha kukhala pa 500 EUR. Koma izi ndi zochepa chabe.
Kodi mungapite kuti ngati mukufuna kukhala wopanga mapulogalamu?
Mukhoza kulembetsa mu Faculty of Computer Science ku Higher School of Economics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology - FIVT ndi FUPM, kapena Computer Science ndi Computing Committee ya Moscow State University, mwachitsanzo. Mukhozanso kupeza chinachake ku St. Petersburg. Koma sindikudziwa momwe zilili ndi kuphunzira pamakina, yesani kuyang'ana mutuwu.
Ndikufuna kunena kuti kukhala wopanga mapulogalamu, maphunziro okha sikokwanira. Ndikofunikira kukhala munthu wocheza naye, wokonda kucheza naye, kuti muzitha kulumikizana mwachangu momwe mungathere. Contacts akhoza kusankha. Malingaliro anu ku kampani amapereka mwayi wowoneka bwino kuposa ena omwe adzalembetse ntchito; mutha kungodumpha kuwunika kwa olemba ntchito.
Mwachilengedwe, moyo ku Finland siwodabwitsa - ndidasuntha, ndipo zonse zidakhala bwino nthawi yomweyo. Wosamukira kudziko lina amakumanabe ndi zododometsa za chikhalidwe. Mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, maganizo osiyana, malamulo osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, apa muyenera kusamalira misonkho nokha - lembani khadi la msonkho nokha; kugula galimoto, kubwereka nyumba—zinthu zambiri zimagwira ntchito mosiyana. Ndizovuta ngati mwaganiza kusamuka. Anthu pano sali ochezeka kwambiri, nyengo ili ngati ku St. Petersburg - mu November-December pangakhale masiku 1-2 a dzuwa. Ena amafika mpaka pano; amabwera ndi chidaliro kuti akufunika kwambiri pano, koma izi sizili choncho, ndipo amafunika kupeza ndalama posewera ndi malamulo a munthu wina. Nthawi zonse zimakhala zowopsa. Nthawi zonse pali mwayi woti mubwerere chifukwa simungagwirizane nawo.
Kodi mungapatse malangizo otani kwa ofuna kupanga mapulogalamu?
Ndikukulangizani kuti muyese ochuluka momwe mungathere, kuti mumvetse zomwe zimakusangalatsani. Yesani kukhazikika m'dera limodzi: yesani chitukuko cha Android, frontend/backend, Java, Javascript, ML, ndi zina. Ndipo, monga ndanenera kale, muyenera kukhala okangalika, kukhudzana, kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zikuchitika; zomwe abwenzi, ogwira nawo ntchito, odziwana nawo akuchita. Pitani kumisonkhano, masemina, maphunziro, kukumana ndi anthu. Mukakhala ndi malumikizano ambiri, zimakhala zosavuta kumvetsetsa zomwe zosangalatsa zikuchitika.
Ndi kuti komwe Unity amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatula masewera?
Umodzi ukuyesera kusiya kukhala injini yamasewera. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mavidiyo a CGI: ngati mukupanga galimoto, mwachitsanzo, ndipo mukufuna kupanga malonda, mudzafuna kupanga kanema wabwino. Ndamva kuti Unity imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mapulani. Ndiye kuti, kulikonse komwe kungafunikire, Umodzi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito google, mutha kupeza zitsanzo zosangalatsa.
Ngati mukufuna kufunsa funso, omasuka kundipeza pamasamba onse ochezera.
Zomwe zidachitika kale
- Sania Galimova, wogulitsa ku RUVDS - momwe angakhalire ndikugwira ntchito ndi matenda amisala. . .
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Source: www.habr.com