Kusintha kwa nthawi kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito. Zomwe zikuchitika kumeneko ndi zoyenera kuchita - werengani nkhaniyi.
Nthawi zonse ndikasintha Linux pakompyuta yanga yakunyumba, ndimayenera kuthana ndi zovuta zina. Kwa zaka zambiri, izi zakhala chizolowezi: ndimasunga mafayilo anga, kupukuta dongosolo, kuyika chilichonse kuyambira pachiyambi, kubwezeretsa mafayilo anga, ndikukhazikitsanso mapulogalamu omwe ndimakonda. Ndimasinthanso zoikamo kuti zigwirizane ndi ine ndekha. Nthawi zina zimatenga nthawi yochuluka kwambiri. Ndipo posachedwa ndidadzifunsa ngati ndikufunika mutuwu.
nthawi ndi imodzi mwamasitampu atatu a mafayilo mu Linux (zambiri pa izi pambuyo pake). Makamaka, ndimaganiza ngati lingakhale lingaliro labwino kuletsa nthawi pamakina aposachedwa a Linux. Popeza atime imasinthidwa nthawi iliyonse yomwe fayilo imapezeka, ndinazindikira kuti imakhudza kwambiri machitidwe a dongosolo.
Posachedwa ndakweza ku Fedora 32 ndipo, chifukwa cha chizolowezi, ndidayamba kuletsa nthawi. Ndinaganiza: kodi ndikuzifunadi? Ndinaganiza zophunzira nkhaniyi ndipo izi ndi zomwe ndinafukula.
Pang'ono ndi zilembo zanthawi ya fayilo
Kuti mumvetse, muyenera kubwerera mmbuyo ndikukumbukira zinthu zingapo zamafayilo a Linux komanso momwe ma kernel amasinthira mafayilo ndi zolemba. Mutha kuwona tsiku lomaliza losinthidwa la mafayilo ndi zolemba poyendetsa lamulo ls -l (kutalika) kapena kungoyang'ana zambiri za izo mu fayilo manager. Koma kuseri kwazithunzi, kernel ya Linux imasunga masitampu angapo a mafayilo ndi maupangiri:
- Kodi fayiloyo idasinthidwa liti (mtime)
- Kodi ndi liti nthawi yomaliza yomwe mafayilo ndi metadata zidasinthidwa (ctime)
- Kodi fayiloyo idapezeka liti (atime)
- Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo statkuti muwone zambiri za fayilo kapena chikwatu. Nayi fayilo / etc / fstab kuchokera ku seva yanga yoyesera:
$ stat fstab
File: fstab
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2097285 Links: 1
Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: system_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2019-04-25 21:10:18.083325111 -0500
Modify: 2019-05-16 10:46:47.427686706 -0500
Change: 2019-05-16 10:46:47.434686674 -0500
Birth: 2019-04-25 21:03:11.840496275 -0500Apa mutha kuwona kuti fayiloyi idapangidwa pa Epulo 25, 2019 pomwe ndidayika makinawo. Fayilo yanga / etc / fstab idasinthidwa komaliza pa Meyi 16, 2019, ndipo zina zonse zidasinthidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Ngati ndikope / etc / fstab ku fayilo yatsopano, masiku amasintha kusonyeza kuti ndi fayilo yatsopano:
$ sudo cp fstab fstab.bak
$ stat fstab.bak
File: fstab.bak
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2105664 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500
Modify: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Change: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Birth: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500Koma ngati ndingotchulanso fayiloyo osasintha zomwe zili mkati mwake, Linux idzangosintha nthawi yomwe fayiloyo idasinthidwa:
$ sudo mv fstab.bak fstab.tmp
$ stat fstab.tmp
File: fstab.tmp
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2105664 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500
Modify: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Change: 2020-05-12 17:54:24.576508232 -0500
Birth: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500Zizindikiro za nthawi izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pamapulogalamu ena a Unix. Mwachitsanzo, biff ndi pulogalamu yomwe imakudziwitsani pakakhala uthenga watsopano mu imelo yanu. Masiku ano anthu ochepa amagwiritsa ntchito , koma m'masiku omwe mabokosi amakalata anali am'deralo, biff inali yofala kwambiri.
Kodi pulogalamuyo imadziwa bwanji ngati muli ndi makalata atsopano mubokosi lanu? biff imafanizira nthawi yomaliza yosinthidwa (pamene fayilo ya bokosi lolowera inasinthidwa ndi uthenga watsopano wa imelo) ndi nthawi yomaliza yofikira (nthawi yomaliza yomwe mudawerenga imelo yanu). Ngati kusintha kunachitika mochedwa kuposa kupeza, ndiye biff adzamvetsetsa kuti kalata yatsopano yafika ndipo idzakudziwitsani za izo. Makasitomala a imelo a Mutt amagwira ntchito mofananamo.
Chidindo chomaliza chofikira chimakhalanso chothandiza ngati mukufuna kusonkhanitsa ziwerengero zamakina ogwiritsira ntchito mafayilo ndikuyimba. Oyang'anira madongosolo amayenera kudziwa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zikufikiridwa kuti athe kukonza mafayilo amafayilo moyenera.
Koma mapulogalamu ambiri amakono safunanso chizindikiro ichi, kotero panali lingaliro lakuti asagwiritse ntchito. Mu 2007, a Linus Torvalds ndi ena angapo opanga ma kernel adakambirana panthawi yomwe ali ndi vuto la magwiridwe antchito. Wopanga ma kernel a Linux Ingo Molnar adanena izi za nthawi ndi fayilo ya ext3:
"Ndizodabwitsa kuti kompyuta iliyonse ya Linux ndi seva imakhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a I/O chifukwa cha zosintha zanthawi zonse, ngakhale pali ogwiritsa ntchito awiri okha: tmpwatch [omwe amatha kusinthidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito ctime, ndiye kuti si vuto lalikulu] ndipo zida zina zosungira."
Koma anthu amagwiritsabe ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira chizindikirochi. Chifukwa chake kuchotsa nthawi kumaphwanya magwiridwe antchito awo. Opanga ma kernel a Linux sayenera kuphwanya ufulu wa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Yankho la Solomo
Pali mapulogalamu ambiri omwe akuphatikizidwa mu magawo a Linux ndipo kuwonjezera apo, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutsitsa ndikuyika mapulogalamu ena malinga ndi zosowa zawo. Uwu ndi mwayi waukulu wa OS yotseguka. Koma izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukhathamiritsa magwiridwe antchito a fayilo yanu. Kuchotsa zida zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kungasokoneze dongosolo.
Monga kunyengerera, opanga ma kernel a Linux abweretsa njira yatsopano yolumikizirana yomwe cholinga chake ndi kulinganiza pakati pa magwiridwe antchito ndi kuyanjana:
atime imasinthidwa pokhapokha ngati nthawi yofikira kale ili yochepa kuposa nthawi yosinthidwa kapena kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ... Popeza Linux 2.6.30, kernel imagwiritsa ntchito njirayi mwachisawawa (pokhapokha ngati noatime yatchulidwa) ... Komanso, kuyambira Linux 2.6.30 . 1, nthawi yomaliza yofikira fayilo imasinthidwa nthawi zonse ngati ili yopitilira tsiku limodzi.
Makina amakono a Linux (kuyambira Linux 2.6.30, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 2009) imagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yolumikizirana kale, yomwe ikuyenera kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kukonza fayilo / etc / fstab, ndipo ndi relaytime mutha kudalira zosasintha.
Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndi noatime
Koma ngati mukufuna kusintha makina anu kuti agwire bwino ntchito, kulepheretsa nthawi kumakhala kotheka.
Kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito sikungawonekere pamayendedwe amakono othamanga kwambiri (monga NVME kapena Fast SSD), koma pali kuwonjezeka pang'ono pamenepo.
Ngati mukudziwa kuti simukugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira nthawi, mutha kusintha magwiridwe antchito pang'ono poyambitsa njira ya noatime mufayilo. /etc/fstab. Pambuyo pake, kernel sichidzasintha nthawi zonse. Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya noatime mukamayika mafayilo:
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-root / ext4 defaults,noatime,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 1 1
UUID=be37c451-915e-4355-95c4-654729cf662a /boot ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2
UUID=C594-12B1 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 2
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-home /home ext4 defaults,noatime,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 1 2
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-swap none swap defaults,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 0 0Zosinthazi zidzachitika mukadzayambiranso.
Pa Ufulu Wotsatsa
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Source: www.habr.com