Kudzipatula komanso kugwira ntchito zakutali kudadzetsa chidwi pa intaneti yam'manja, ndipo ndidafunsidwa mafunso ambiri m'mawu kapena m'mauthenga aumwini okhudza kukonza mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti kuchokera kumagulu azinsinsi. Panthawi ya mliriwu, ndidawona kuti katundu pamanetiwo adakula osati mokulirapo, koma modabwitsa: m'mbuyomu, nsanja yaulere ya Beeline idapereka mpaka 40 Mbit / s kuti itsitsidwe, koma kumapeto kwa Epulo liwiro lidatsika mpaka 1 Mbit / s. . Ndipo kwinakwake mu Meyi, lingalirolo linabadwa kuti liyese kuyesa kwa ma routers a magulu osiyanasiyana omwe amathandizira kugwirizanitsa njira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti adzawonjezera liwiro la intaneti ngakhale ndi nsanja yotanganidwa. Chiphunzitso ndi mayesero pansi pa odulidwa.
Chiphunzitso china
Ndi chiyani chomwe chimatsimikizira kuthamanga kwa data kuchokera ku base station (BS) kupita kwa olembetsa? Ngati muchotsa kusokoneza, mtunda pakati pa olembetsa ndi BS, katundu pa BS ndi katundu wa tchanelo kuchokera ku BS mwiniwake mpaka kufika pa intaneti, ndiye kuti m'lifupi mwake, kusinthasintha, kufalitsa deta pafupipafupi ndi chiwerengero cha mayendedwe awa chitsalira.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi pafupipafupi: LTE ku Russia imagwira ntchito pafupipafupi 450, 800, 900, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2500 ndi 2600 MHz. Ngati tikumbukira physics, zidafotokozedwa momveka bwino kuti ma frequency otsika amakhala ndi luso lolowera bwino komanso amatsika patali kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mumzindawu, ma frequency apamwamba okhala ndi malo ochepera a BS nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kumidzi, ma frequency otsika amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhazikitse nsanja pafupipafupi. Zimatengeranso mafupipafupi omwe adaperekedwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito m'dera lomwe lilipo.
M'lifupi Channel: Mu Russia, ambiri njira m'lifupi ndi 5, 10 ndi 20 MHz, ngakhale m'lifupi kungakhale kuchokera 1.4 mpaka 20 MHz.
Kusinthasintha: QPSK, 16QAM, 64 QAM ndi 256 QAM. Zimatengera woyendetsa telecom. Sindidzayang'ananso zaukadaulo, koma lamulo limagwira ntchito pano: kukweza kusinthasintha kwakusanja uku, kuthamanga kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha ma tchanelo: Gawo lolandila lawayilesi limatha kugwira ntchito mophatikizira mayendedwe ngati lithandizidwa ndi woyendetsa telecom. Mwachitsanzo, nsanja imatumiza deta pafupipafupi 1800 ndi 2600 MHz. Ma module a wailesi ya LTE Cat.4 azitha kugwira ntchito ndi amodzi mwa ma frequency awa. Gawo la 6 gawo lizitha kugwira ntchito ndi ma frequency onse nthawi imodzi, kufotokoza mwachidule liwiro la ma module awiri nthawi imodzi. Chida chamagulu 12 chidzagwira ntchito ndi zonyamulira zitatu nthawi imodzi: mwachitsanzo, awiri pafupipafupi 1800 MHz (1800 + 1800) ndi imodzi pafupipafupi 2600 MHz. Liwiro lenileni silidzakhala x3, koma zidzadalira kokha katundu pa BS ndi Internet njira m'lifupi siteshoni m'munsi palokha. Ndakumana ndi milandu pamene ntchito ndi Cat.6, pamene ntchito ndi njira imodzi anapereka liwiro 40 Mbit/s, ndi njira ziwiri 65-70 Mbit/s. Gwirizanani, osati kuwonjezeka koyipa!
Lingaliro loyesa
Umu ndi momwe ndinapezera lingaliro loyesa ma routers a magulu osiyanasiyana kuti ndipeze chithunzi chenichenicho chomwe chidzawululidwe kwa wogwiritsa ntchito wamba. Vuto ndilotenga ma routers a mndandanda womwewo kapena kokha ndi ma modules osiyana a wailesi, popeza ma routers ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana angagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira za muyeso. Chifukwa chake, ndidabwera ndi lingaliro loyesa wopanga m'modzi yekha, koma ma routers osiyanasiyana.
Gawo lachiwiri linali kusankha mtundu wa zida zoyesera: mutha kungotenga rauta ndikulumikiza mlongoti kudzera pagulu la chingwe, koma chizolowezi chawonetsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kupeza chophatikizira chomwe amangoyika SIM khadi ndikuyikamo. kulumikiza chipangizo pa netiweki. Chifukwa chake ndidabwera ndi lingaliro loyesa ma monoblocks, ndiye kuti, rauta ndi mlongoti nthawi imodzi.
Gawo lachitatu linali kusankha wopanga: Zyxel ili ndi mzere waukulu kwambiri wa ma PC onse mumodzi wokhala ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a LTE, kotero kusankha kunali kodziwikiratu.
Pakuyesa, ndinatenga ma routers awa: LTE 7240, LTE 7460 ndi LTE 7480.
Njira yoyesera
Pofuna kuyesa mphamvu za ma routers, adaganiza zoyesa "zopanga" pang'ono ndi kuyesa kwenikweni. Kuyesa kopanga kunali koyezera kuthamanga komwe kumachitika mtunda wa pafupifupi 200 metres kuchokera pamalo oyambira pamalo owunikira antenna, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti munthu azitha kupeza chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri. Kulumikizana kunapangidwa ku nsanja za Megafon, chifukwa adapereka m'lifupi mwa njira iyi ya 20 MHz. Chabwino, ndinayesa ma routers m'madera awiri kumene, malinga ndi mapu owonetsera, woyendetsa amalonjeza kuthamanga kwa 150 mpaka 300 Mbit / s, motero. Kuyesa kwenikweni kumakhudza kuyika rauta m'nyumba mwanga, komwe ndidayesa ma routers am'mbuyomu. Kulankhulana munjira iyi ndizovuta kwambiri, popeza mtunda wa nsanja ndi 8 km ndipo palibe mzere wowonekera, ndipo pali mitengo munjira yolumikizira. Kotero, panali mayesero atatu onse:
- Kutalika kwa nsanja ~ 200 m. Zone yokhala ndi liwiro lodziwika bwino la 150 Mbit / s. Nthawi yoyesera ndi maola 12-13.
- Kutalika kwa nsanja ~ 200 m. Zone yokhala ndi liwiro lodziwika bwino la 300 Mbit / s. Nthawi yoyesera ndi maola 12-13.
- Mtunda wa nsanja ~ 8000 m. Palibe mzere wowonekera. Zone yokhala ndi liwiro lodziwika bwino la 150 Mbit / s. Nthawi yoyesera ndi maola 12-13.
Mayeso onse adachitidwa ndi SIM khadi yomweyi mkati mwa sabata. Nthawiyi idasankhidwa mozungulira maola 12-13 kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwa m'mawa ndi madzulo pa BS. Kuyesa kunachitika kangapo pa ma seva awiri osiyana pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya Speedtest: Moscow Megafon ndi Moscow RETN. Liwiro limasiyanasiyana pomwe ma seva ali ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana. Yakwana nthawi yoti muyambe kuyesa, koma choyamba, kufotokozera kwakunja ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa rauta iliyonse.
Zyxel LTE 7240-M403
Router yoyambira kuchokera pamzere wa zida zanyengo zonse za LTE kuchokera ku Zyxel. Ikhoza kuikidwa pakhoma la nyumbayo pogwiritsa ntchito mbale yapadera, kapena ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ku chitoliro pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo. Zilibe phiri ndi madigiri angapo a ufulu, choncho ndi bwino kukonzekera ndodo kwa unsembe kunja ndi malangizo olondola kwambiri BS. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono, imakhala ndi antenna yabwino komanso yosavuta kukhazikitsa: SIM khadi ndi waya wa Ethernet amalowetsedwa mumlanduwo, ndipo chivindikiro chapadera chimasindikiza zonse. Router ili ndi gawo la Wi-Fi, lomwe limapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kudzera pawaya, komanso kuphimba madera ozungulira ndi chizindikiro chabwino chopanda zingwe. Router ili ndi gawo lopangidwira ndi chithandizo cha Cat.4 ndipo liwiro lalikulu lotsitsa lomwe limapezeka panthawi ya mayesero linali 105 Mbit / s - zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa chipangizo choterocho. Koma poyesedwa muzochitika zenizeni, pamene siteshoni yoyambira inali yoposa makilomita 8, zinali zotheka kukwaniritsa liwiro lalikulu la 23,5 Mbit / s. Ena anganene kuti izi sizochuluka, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala oyendetsa chingwe cha fiber optic omwe akufuna kuchokera ku 10 mpaka 500 rubles pamalipiro a mwezi uliwonse kwa 1200 Mbit / s, ndipo kugwirizana kudzawononganso 10-40 zikwi rubles. Chifukwa chake, intaneti yam'manja ndiyotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kuyiyika ndikulumikiza kulikonse. Nthawi zambiri, rauta iyi imakulolani kuti muzigwira ntchito momasuka patali, komanso kusangalala kuwonera makanema komanso kuyang'ana pa intaneti mwachangu. Ngati muli ndi zida zopangidwa kale ndi makamera a IP kapena makina owonera makanema, ingowonjezerani rauta yotere kuti muwonetsetse chitetezo chanu.
Zyxel LTE7460-M608
Chipangizochi ndi chitukuko chomveka cha chipangizo chodziwika bwino cha Zyxel LTE 6100, chomwe chinayambitsa nthawi ya LTE onse-in-one routers. Zowona, chitsanzo cham'mbuyocho chinali ndi chipinda chamkati, chomwe chinali m'nyumba, ndipo mlongoti wokhala ndi modemu unali kunja. Chipangizochi chimagwirizana ndi luso la LTE Cat.6, lomwe limatanthawuza kuphatikizika kwa zonyamulira ziwiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro lobwera ngati kuthandizidwa ndi malo oyambira. Kuyika SIM khadi mu rauta sizinthu zazing'ono, chifukwa bolodi yokhala ndi jekeseni imakhala mkati mwa mlongoti ndipo ikayikidwa pamtunda, pali mwayi uliwonse woponya SIM khadi. Choncho, ine kwambiri amalangiza khazikitsa khadi pansi, ndiyeno kukwera rauta pa msinkhu. Popeza ichi ndi chipangizo choyamba cha zonse-mu-chimodzi chomwe chinawonekera pamzere wa Zyxel, sichikhala ndi gawo la Wi-Fi, kotero kuti intaneti ingapezeke kudzera pa chingwe. Izi zimakupatsani ufulu wosankha malo a Wi-Fi omwe adzayikidwe mnyumbamo. Komanso, Zyxel LTE7460 imaphatikizidwa mosavuta kuzinthu zomwe zilipo ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito mumlatho. Ponena za mawonekedwe othamanga, pamayesero rauta adatha kuwonetsa 137 Mbit / s yolemekezeka pakutsitsa - sikuti aliyense wopereka waya amapereka liwiro lotere pa chingwe. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kokweza muyeso womwewo kunali kopitilira 39 Mbit / s, komwe kuli pafupi ndi gawo lazowunikira kuti mukweze kuchokera kwa kasitomala kupita ku netiweki. Ponena za kuyesa kwenikweni pa mtunda wautali, rauta nayenso ankadzidalira ndipo amalola kutsitsa pa liwiro la 31 Mbps, ndi kukweza deta pa liwiro la 7 Mbps. Ngati mumakhala kunja kwa mzindawo ndipo simungathe kulumikiza mawaya, liwiro ili ndilokwanira pa zosowa za banja lonse - maphunziro, zosangalatsa ndi ntchito.
Zyxel LTE7480-M804
Potsirizira pake, kutembenukira kunafika pa chitsanzo chapamwamba pamzere wa ma routers-in-one muyeso ili. Zyxel LTE7480 imathandizira ukadaulo wa LTE Cat.12 ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito ndi zonyamulira zitatu nthawi imodzi. Kuphatikizika kwa mitundu yophatikizika kumawonetsedwa patebulo ndi mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito, koma ndingonena mophweka - zimagwiradi ntchito! Kuthamanga kwakukulu komwe kunapezedwa pakuyesa kunali kopitilira 172 Mbps! Kuti mumvetse dongosolo la manambala, izi ndi pafupifupi 21 MB/s. Ndiko kuti, kanema wa 3 GB pa liwiro ili adzatsitsidwa mumasekondi 142! Panthawi imeneyi, ngakhale ketulo si wiritsani, ndipo filimu adzakhala kale pa kompyuta litayamba zabwino. Apa muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti liwiro lidzadalira katundu pa siteshoni yoyambira ndi mphamvu ya chiteshi chomwe chikugwirizana ndi BS iyi. Ndikuganiza kuti usiku, olembetsa akamatsitsa maukonde pang'ono, ndimatha kuthamanga kwambiri pa nsanja yomwe ikuyesedwa. Tsopano ndisuntha kuchoka ku kusilira kupita ku kufotokozera ndi kuipa. Wopangayo amamvera ogwiritsa ntchito ndikupanga kukhazikitsa bwino, komanso kuphatikiza kwa SIM khadi: tsopano sikuli kumbuyo kwa mlandu, koma kumapeto - pansi pa chivundikiro choteteza. Bokosi lokwera limakupatsani mwayi woyika rauta pakhoma la nyumba komanso ndodo yakutali ndikusintha molondola mlongoti ku BS - ngodya yopingasa komanso yowongoka ndi madigiri 180. Chipangizocho chilinso ndi gawo la Wi-Fi ndipo, kuwonjezera pa kutumiza deta kudzera pawaya, imatha kupereka zida zam'manja ndi intaneti kudzera panjira yopanda zingwe. Pakuyesa, zidawoneka kuti liwiro lotuluka linali lotsika kuposa lamitundu ina ndipo ndikuganiza kuti izi ndichifukwa cha mfundo ziwiri: fimuweya yonyowa kapena kuwongolera kwa tinyanga 4 pamilandu yaying'ono: miyeso ya Zyxel LTE7480 ndi zofanana ndi za Zyxel LTE7460, ndipo pali tinyanga zowirikiza kawiri. Ndinalumikizana ndi wopanga, ndipo adatsimikizira malingaliro anga - komabe, sikophweka kupeza njira zoyankhulirana monga momwe ndinaliri, ndi mtunda wa 8 km kuchokera ku BS.
Zotsatira
Kuti tifotokoze mwachidule, tiyenera kulozera ku tebulo la miyeso ya liwiro. Izi zimachokera ku izi kuti ngakhale mutakhala pamalo omwewo, mukhoza kupeza maulendo osiyanasiyana, popeza ma seva amatha kuikidwa pamlingo waukulu kapena wochepa. Kuonjezera apo, katundu pa siteshoni yoyambira amakhudzidwa. Kuthamanga kwa liwiro kumawonetsanso kuti pamtunda wautali, pafupifupi 8.5 km, kuphatikizika kwa mayendedwe sikungagwire ntchito (kapena BS yanga sigwirizana ndi kuphatikizika) ndipo kupindula kwa tinyanga zomangidwa kumawonekera. Ngati muli pafupi ndi siteshoni yoyambira kapena pafupi ndi mzere wowonekera, ndiye kuti ndizomveka kugula zipangizo zomwe zimathandizira teknoloji ya Cat.6 kapena Cat.12. Ngati muli ndi ndalama zogulira rauta ya Zyxel LTE7460, ndiye kuti n'zomveka kuwonjezera bajeti yanu pang'ono kuti mugule rauta ya Zyxel LTE7480 ndi chithandizo cha Cat.12 ndi module yomangidwa mu Wi-Fi. Ngati ili kutali ndi BS, koma muli ndi zomangamanga zonse m'nyumba ndipo mumangofunika malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndiye kuti mukhoza kutenga chipangizo chapakati kuchokera pamzere. Iwo omwe sali odandaula za kuthamanga kwa maukonde ndipo akufuna kusunga ndalama ayenera kuyang'ana cha Zyxel LTE 7240 - chitsanzo choyambira ichi ndi yaying'ono, yosavuta kukhazikitsa ndipo angapereke mlingo womasuka wa mafunde pa intaneti.
Source: www.habr.com