Mapu owuluka, malo okhala ndi methane pamwamba pa 3 ppm*m amalembedwa. Ndipo ndizo zambiri!
Tayerekezani kuti muli ndi dambo lotayirapo nthaka lomwe limasuta komanso kununkha nthawi ndi nthawi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti zinthu zachilengedwe zikawola, mpweya wosiyanasiyana umapangidwa. Izi zimapanga osati methane yokha, komanso mpweya wapoizoni kwambiri, chifukwa chake zotayira zolimba nthawi zina zimafunika kufufuzidwa.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika wapansi ndi chojambulira cha methane chovala, koma pochita ndizovuta kwambiri, zimatenga nthawi komanso sizofunika makamaka kwa eni malo otayiramo.
Koma izi ndizofunikira ndi boma la mzinda, akuluakulu a boma, dera, ndi zina zotero, kumene malo otayirapo malo kapena malo ovomerezeka ali, osamalira zachilengedwe ndi anthu wamba omwe akufuna kupuma mpweya wabwino.
Ntchito yoyezera mulingo wa methane pogwiritsa ntchito ma drones ikufunika kwambiri ku Europe.
Ife, ndi othandizana nawo kukampani , adagwira ntchito limodzi mbali iyi ndikupeza zotsatira zosangalatsa.
Kodi imayendetsedwa ndi chiyani?
Ndondomeko yoyendetsera malo otayira zinyalala ndi malangizo opangira, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kubwezeretsanso malo otayirapo zinyalala zolimba zapakhomo (zovomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zomangamanga ku Russian Federation pa Novembara 2, 1996), malamulo aukhondo SP 2.1.7.1038-01 "Zaukhondo zofunikira pakupanga ndi kukonza malo osungiramo zinyalala zolimba zapakhomo" (zovomerezeka ndi Chigamulo cha Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation cha May 30, 2001 No. 16), lingaliro la kayendetsedwe ka zinyalala ku Russian Federation. MDS 13-8.2000 (yovomerezedwa ndi Chigamulo cha Komiti ya State Construction Committee ya Russian Federation ya December 22, 1999 No. 17) , SanPiN 2.1.6.1032-01. 2.1.6. Mpweya wa mumlengalenga ndi mpweya wamkati, chitetezo cha mpweya waukhondo. Zofunikira zaukhondo zowonetsetsa kuti mpweya wamlengalenga uli m'malo okhala anthu (zovomerezedwa ndi Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation pa Meyi 17.05.2001, XNUMX).
Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa seti ya zolemba izi ndi motere:
Kugonjera
MPC, mg/m3
Zolemba zambiri kamodzi
Avereji tsiku lililonse
Fumbi silikhala poizoni
0,5
0,15
hydrogen sulfide
0,008
-
Mpweya wa carbon monoxide
5,0
3,0
Nitric oxide
0,4
0,06
Mercury zitsulo
-
0,0003
Methane
-
50,0
Amoni
0,2
0,04
Benzene
1,5
0,1
Trichloromethane
-
0,03
4-carbon chloride
4,0
0,7
Chlorobenzene
0,1
0,1
Zomwe zili mu biogas:
Kugonjera
%
Methane, CH4
50-75
Mpweya woipa, CO2
25-50
Nayitrogeni, N2
0-10
Hyrojeni, H2
0-1
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S
0-3
Oxygen, O2
0-2
Biogas amamasulidwa kwa zaka 12-15, ndipo pambuyo chaka chachiwiri ndi makamaka methane okha kapena mpweya woipa (kapena osakaniza onse awiri).
Momwe mungayang'anire kutayikira tsopano
Kuti mupeze malo otulutsa methane pamalo otayiramo, ntchito ya linemen imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amatenga chowunikira cha gasi chogwiritsira ntchito m'manja (m'mawu amodzi - "sniffer") ndi chinthu china chomwe chimawoneka ngati ambulera, ndipo woyendetsa mzere amasankha malo pa malo oyesera. Amayika dome laling'ono pamenepo ndikudikirira kuti mpweya wina uunjike pansi pa dome. Imayesa kuchuluka kwa ndende pogwiritsa ntchito makina osanthula gasi ndikulemba zomwe zidawerengedwa. Pambuyo pake, amapita kumalo ena kuti ayesedwenso. Ndi zina zotero.
Njirayi ndi yophweka, koma yosagwira ntchito molingana ndi chiwerengero cha miyeso yomwe imatengedwa panthawi imodzi. Tiyeni tiwonjezere apa chinthu chaumunthu ndi zochitika za gehena zogwirira ntchito za munthu wamba amene amakakamizika kuyenda kwa maola ambiri pafupi ndi malo oyesera omwe amanunkha (mwinamwake akugwiritsabe ntchito zipangizo zodzitetezera).
Drone kutithandiza
Kumapeto kwa 2018, pa chiwonetsero cha INTERGEO 2018 (Frankfurt), tidadziwa ukadaulo wa Pergam komanso zomwe adakumana nazo pakuwulutsa ma drones pazinyalala zolimba. Anyamatawo adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito drone yokhala ndi chowunikira chakutali cha laser methane chomwe chidayikidwapo kuti afufuze kutulutsa. Chombocho chinayikidwa pa drone, chomwe chimalemba zowerengera zonse za detector. Ndege ikamaliza, chidziwitso chochokera ku logger chimasamutsidwa ku kompyuta ngati data ya tabular kuti iunike. Ngati penapake pali kuchuluka kwa methane, drone imatumizidwanso mpaka pano kuti ijambule malo otayikira.
Pofika nthawi imeneyo, anyamata a ku Pergamon anali atapanga kale maulendo angapo othawa pamtunda, ndipo adazindikira kuti kunali kosavuta kuwuluka movomerezeka. Zotsatira zake zinali motere:
- Ndege za drone zoterezi nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa masabata awiri pasadakhale pambuyo potsatira malamulo: kupeza chilolezo kuchokera kwa mwiniwake wa dera, kuvomerezedwa ndi akuluakulu a ndege ndi kayendetsedwe ka malo oyendetsa ndege. Kufunsira kukhazikitsa kayendetsedwe ka ndege komweko kumatumizidwa ku zone center (ZC) masiku atatu kapena asanu isanayambe ntchito, ndondomeko ya ndege imatumizidwa tsiku lisanayambe ntchito. Tsiku lomwe ntchitoyo iyamba, muyenera kuyimbira malo owongolera maola awiri pasadakhale, musananyamuke muyenera kuyimbira olamulira onse omwe ali ndi udindo. Olamulira omwe ali ndi udindo amatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi mapu onse "Airspace of the Russian Federation" (RF VP). Zikuwoneka kuti zosintha zidzatuluka posachedwa, ndipo zitha kuwuluka pamtunda mpaka 150 metres mkati mwa mzere wakuwona.
- Nthawi iliyonse kuthawa kumayamba ndi kuyeza mayendedwe ndi liwiro la mphepo, komanso kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga. Ngati mphepo yamkuntho imakhala yoposa mamita anayi pamphindi, ndiye kuti samawuluka, chifukwa zotsatira zake sizidziwikiratu: kutuluka kungathe kudziwika pamalo olakwika (kudzawombera kumbali ina).
- Woyendetsa drone pamalowa amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutembenuka ndikuwerengera nthawi yowuluka kukhala pafupifupi mphindi 25. Nthawi zambiri, ndizotheka kuchepetsa nthawi yowuluka ndi 5 mpaka 20%, kutengera nyengo.
- Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa maulendo apandege kumbali ya leeward kuti kusanthula kumachitika pang'onopang'ono.
- Kutalika kwa ndege ya drone ndikokwanira kufunafuna kutayikira - 15 metres.
- Ngati muli ndi chilolezo chojambulira mumlengalenga, mutha kujambula malo otulutsirako ndi chojambula chotenthetsera komanso pamalo owonekera.
Poyerekeza ndi ntchito ya linemen - yopambana! Koma panali vuto lalikulu pakugwira ntchito kwa chojambulira chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Pergamon paulendo wandege: kusowa kwa njira yolumikizirana pakati pa chojambulira ndi woyendetsa ndegeyo. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kutayikirako zitha kupezeka pokhapokha drone itatera.
Pergamo + KROK + SPH
Pofika nthawi yomwe tinakumana ndi Pergam, CROC inali itangopeza kompyuta ya DJI Matrice 600 drone, yomwe ingathenso kufalitsa telemetry kudzera pa DJI LightBridge 2. Pergam nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi mankhwalawa ndipo adadzipereka kuti apange kuphatikizika kwa downlink kwa mankhwala awo. - chowunikira chakutali cha LMC cha methane cha drone.
Chotsatira chake chinali chitukuko chogwirizana ndi CROC (Russia), Pergam-Engineering (Russia) ndi SPH Engineering (Latvia, wopanga mapulogalamu a UGCS) - LMC G2 DL (Laser Methane Copter Generation 2 ndi Downlink) zovuta. Uwu ndi m'badwo wachiwiri wa hardware ndi mapulogalamu a pulogalamu yodziwira kutayikira kwa methane (CH4).
Njira yothetsera vutoli ikuphatikiza DJI Matrice 600 drone yokhala ndi kulemera kwa 11 kilogalamu, yokhala ndi chowunikira chakutali cha laser methane ndi kompyuta yomwe ili pa bolodi. Pulogalamu yatsopanoyi imakulolani kuti mulembetse bwino njira yothawirako pamtunda womwe mwapatsidwa komanso pa liwiro lofunika, nthawi yomweyo mutani ngati kutulutsa kwa methane kwapezeka, kuyika malowo molondola ndikutengera nthawi yake.
Tsopano ndondomeko ili motere:
1. Kuti musaphonye ngakhale kagawo kakang'ono ka malo ophunzitsira, dongosolo la ndege limapangidwa mu pulogalamu ya UgCS. Zimatenga mphindi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mukhoza kuchita mu ofesi yofunda osati kuzizira manja anu.
Dongosolo la ndege za Drone mu pulogalamu ya UgCS.
2. Kenako, woyendetsa ndegeyo amakonzekeretsa drone pamalo onyamuka pamalo ophunzirira. Ndipo kudzera pa pulogalamu yam'manja ya UgCS imayambitsa ndege.
Kuyika kwake ndikwabwinobwino.
Kutuluka kwapezeka.
3. Kenako, chifukwa cha kompyuta yathu yomwe ili pa bolodi, zowerengera za chowunikira cha methane zimatumizidwa pa intaneti ku pulogalamu yam'manja. Nthawi yomweyo, ngati kutayika kwa kulumikizana ndi nthaka, kompyuta yomwe ili pa bolodi imalemba zowerengera zonse kuchokera pa chipangizocho pa khadi la SD.
4. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa milingo ya methane kumatha kuzindikirika nthawi yomweyo pamapu. Simukuwononganso nthawi pokonza pambuyo pake kuti mupeze zomwe zatayikira.
5. Phindu!
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa katswiri wazachilengedwe wa CROC:
Palibe lamulo loti malo otayirapo pansi ayenera kulemba kutayikira kulikonse, koma methane ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo mpweya wowonjezera kutentha waletsedwa m'dziko lathu kwa zaka 20. Pali Kyoto Protocol, ndipo mkati mwa dongosolo la Ntchito Yoyera ya Air Air, yomwe ili ya polojekiti ya dziko lonse la Ecology, padzakhala lamulo lokhudza quotas. Ndipo magawo awa ayamba kugulitsidwa. Ndipo kampani iliyonse iyenera kumvetsetsa ngati ili ndi kuthekera kochepetsa kapena kuwongolera mpweya.
Woyang'anira ndi Rosprirodnadzor. Kutayirako komweko ndi kapangidwe ka uinjiniya, ndiye kuti, iyenera kukumana ndi Glavgosexpertiza. Pali kupanga ndi kuyang'anira chilengedwe. Kuchuluka kwa kuwongolera uku kumayikidwa kutengera ngoziyo komanso kutayirako kulikonse. Tinene kuti miyezi itatu iliyonse labotale imabwera ndikuyesa chinachake - nthawi zambiri madzi, nthaka, mpweya. Malo abwino otayiramo pansi amakonza mapaipi awoawo a gasi wotayiramo ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mpweyawu pazofuna zawo. Kawirikawiri pali 40 peresenti ya methane. Ngati ziphulika, padzakhala mauthenga owonongeka, mwinamwake kuvulala kwaumunthu, kumasulidwa kwamphamvu ... Ndiyeno mlandu wophwanya malamulo udzatsegulidwa kwa mwiniwake. Ndipo palibe amene ali ndi chidwi ndi izi. Drone ku Krasnoyarsk, mwachitsanzo, ndizovomerezeka kwambiri pazachuma. Anthu awiri kuphatikiza mlonda wokhala ndi mfuti (mozama - pali zimbalangondo), galimoto yamtundu uliwonse yomwe imathyola makilomita 20-40 aliwonse, malo ogona, malipiro a tsiku ndi tsiku kumpoto.
Drones angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo ambiri. Kuwotcha bwinja pa trolley, kuthirira m'munda, kuponyera ngalawa kwa munthu womira, kuwuluka pamoto ndikupeza anthu onse, kutsatira opha nyama kapena kuyang'ana minda ya hemp, fufuzani m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu - mumatchulapo. Ndipo zambiri, zonse zomwe malingaliro anu amalola. Tili ndi chidwi ndi mavuto atsopano, ndipo tikhoza ndipo tikufuna kuyesa kuthetsa vuto lanu. Chabwino, ngati muli ndi ntchito yopeza kutayikira, ndiyambitsa projekiti yoyendetsa yomwe ili yosangalatsa kwambiri. Imelo - [imelo ndiotetezedwa].
powatsimikizira
- .
- .
- Imelo yanga - [imelo ndiotetezedwa].
Source: www.habr.com