Chaka chino tidayamba ntchito yayikulu yopangira malo ophunzitsira pa intaneti - nsanja yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi amakampani m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kupanga zida zofananira "zofanana ndi zachilengedwe" - kuti zifananize mawonekedwe amkati mwa banki, kampani yamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri, osati potengera gawo lamakampani pamaneti. . Pambuyo pake tikambirana za mabanki ndi zida zina zamtundu wa cyber, ndipo lero tikambirana momwe tathetsera vutoli molingana ndi gawo laukadaulo la bizinesi yamafakitale.
Zachidziwikire, mutu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi a cyber ndi malo ophunzitsira ma cyber sunayambike dzulo. Kumadzulo, malingaliro opikisana, njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira masewera a pa intaneti, ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zakhala zikupanga. "Mawonekedwe abwino" achitetezo azidziwitso ndikuyeserera nthawi ndi nthawi kukonzekera kwawo kuthana ndi ziwopsezo za cyber. Kwa Russia, iyi ikadali mutu watsopano: inde, pali zochepa zochepa, ndipo zinayambira zaka zingapo zapitazo, koma kufunikira, makamaka m'magulu a mafakitale, kwayamba pang'onopang'ono kupanga tsopano. Timakhulupirira kuti pali zifukwa zitatu zazikuluzikulu za izi - ndizovuta zomwe zawonekera kale.
Dziko likusintha mofulumira kwambiri
Zaka 10 zapitazo, osokoneza anaukira makamaka mabungwe omwe amatha kuchotsa ndalama mwamsanga. Kwa mafakitale, chiwopsezo ichi sichinali chofunikira. Tsopano tikuwona kuti zomangamanga za mabungwe aboma, mphamvu zamabizinesi ndi mafakitale zikukhalanso nkhani ya chidwi chawo. Apa nthawi zambiri timayang'ana zoyeserera zaukazitape, kuba kwa data pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana (nzeru zampikisano, zachinyengo), komanso kupeza malo opezekapo pazomangamanga kuti mugulitsenso ma comrades achidwi. Chabwino, ngakhale olemba banal ngati WannaCry agwira zinthu zingapo zofanana padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, zenizeni zamakono zimafuna akatswiri achitetezo azidziwitso kuti aganizire zowopsa izi ndikupanga njira zatsopano zotetezera zidziwitso. Makamaka, konzani ziyeneretso zanu nthawi zonse ndikuchita luso lothandizira. Ogwira ntchito m'magawo onse oyendetsera ntchito zamafakitale ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe angachite ngati pachitika chiwembu cha cyber. Koma kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a cyber pamaziko anu - pepani, zoopsa zake zimaposa phindu lomwe lingatheke.
Kusamvetsetsa kuthekera kwenikweni kwa omwe akuwukira kuthyolako machitidwe owongolera njira ndi machitidwe a IIoT
Vutoli lilipo m'mabungwe onse: ngakhale akatswiri onse samvetsetsa zomwe zingachitike pamakina awo, ndi ma vector otani omwe amapezeka motsutsana nawo. Tinene chiyani za utsogoleri?
Akatswiri a chitetezo nthawi zambiri amapempha "kusiyana kwa mpweya", zomwe sizingalole kuti woukira apite patsogolo kuposa maukonde amakampani, koma machitidwe akuwonetsa kuti mu 90% ya mabungwe pali kulumikizana pakati pamagulu amakampani ndiukadaulo. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zomwe zimamanga ndi kuyang'anira maukonde aukadaulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zofooka, zomwe tidaziwona makamaka pofufuza zida. ΠΈ .
N'zovuta kupanga chitsanzo chokwanira choopseza
M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala pali ndondomeko yowonjezera yowonjezereka ya chidziwitso ndi machitidwe opangira makina, komanso kusintha kwa machitidwe a cyber-physical omwe amaphatikizapo kuphatikiza zipangizo zamakompyuta ndi zipangizo zakuthupi. Machitidwe akukhala ovuta kwambiri kotero kuti n'kosatheka kuneneratu zotsatira zonse za kuukira kwa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira. Sitikulankhula za kuwonongeka kwachuma kwa bungwe, komanso kuwunika zotsatira zomwe zimamveka kwa katswiri wamakono ndi mafakitale - kuperewera kwa magetsi, mwachitsanzo, kapena mtundu wina wa mankhwala, ngati tikukamba za mafuta ndi gasi. kapena petrochemicals. Ndipo mungaikire bwanji zinthu zofunika kwambiri mumkhalidwe woterowo?
Kwenikweni, zonsezi, m'malingaliro athu, zidakhala zofunikira kuti pakhale lingaliro la masewera a cyber ndi maphunziro a cyber ku Russia.
Momwe gawo laukadaulo la cyber range limagwirira ntchito
Malo oyesera ma cyber ndizovuta zazinthu zomwe zimafanana ndi mabizinesi am'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Zimakupatsani mwayi "kuchita amphaka" - kugwiritsa ntchito luso la akatswiri popanda chiopsezo choti china chake sichingayende molingana ndi dongosolo, ndipo masewera a cyber adzawononga ntchito zabizinesi yeniyeni. Makampani akuluakulu a cybersecurity ayamba kupanga malowa, ndipo mutha kuwona zochitika zapaintaneti zofananira mumtundu wamasewera, mwachitsanzo, pa Positive Hack Days.
Chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha ma netiweki amakampani akuluakulu kapena mabungwe ndi ma seva, makompyuta ogwirira ntchito ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi pulogalamu yokhazikika yamakampani ndi machitidwe oteteza zidziwitso. Malo oyesera ma cyber amakampani onse ndi ofanana, kuphatikizanso mfundo zazikulu zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri mtunduwo.
Momwe tidafikitsira mtundu wa cyber pafupi ndi zenizeni
Mwachidziwitso, mawonekedwe a gawo la mafakitale a malo oyesera a cyber amadalira njira yosankhidwa yopangira makina ovuta a cyber-physical. Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zopangira ma modeling:
Iliyonse mwa njirazi ili ndi zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake. Muzochitika zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi cholinga chomaliza ndi zolephera zomwe zilipo, njira zonse zitatu zomwe zili pamwambazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuti tipange chisankho cha njirazi, tapanga ma algorithm awa:
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira zosiyanasiyana zowonetsera zitha kuyimiridwa ngati chithunzi, pomwe y-axis ndikuphimba madera ophunzirira (mwachitsanzo, kusinthasintha kwa chida chofananira), ndipo x-axis ndiye kulondola. ya kayeseleledwe (mlingo wa makalata ku dongosolo lenileni). Zimakhala pafupifupi malo a Gartner:
Chifukwa chake, kulinganiza koyenera pakati pa kulondola ndi kusinthasintha kwachitsanzo ndizomwe zimatchedwa semi-natural modeling (hardware-in-the-loop, HIL). Munjira iyi, dongosolo la cyber-physical limapangidwa mwanjira ina pogwiritsa ntchito zida zenizeni, ndipo mwanjira ina masamu. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi likhoza kuyimiridwa ndi zida zenizeni za microprocessor (magawo oteteza relay), ma seva a makina owongolera ndi zida zina zachiwiri, komanso njira zakuthupi zomwe zimachitika pamaneti amagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta. Chabwino, tasankha njira yachitsanzo. Pambuyo pa izi, kunali kofunikira kupanga mapangidwe amtundu wa cyber. Kuti masewera a pa intaneti akhale othandizadi, kulumikizana konse kwa dongosolo la cyber-physical yovuta kuyenera kupangidwanso molondola momwe mungathere pamalo oyeserera. Chifukwa chake, m'dziko lathu, monga m'moyo weniweni, gawo laukadaulo la cyber range lili ndi magawo angapo ochezera. Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti mawonekedwe amtundu wamakampani opanga ma network akuphatikizapo otsika kwambiri, omwe akuphatikizapo zomwe zimatchedwa "zida zoyambirira" - izi ndi fiber optical, network network, kapena china chake, kutengera makampani. Imasinthanitsa deta ndipo imayang'aniridwa ndi oyang'anira mafakitale apadera, ndi iwonso, ndi machitidwe a SCADA.
Tinayamba kupanga gawo la mafakitale la malo a cyber kuchokera ku gawo la mphamvu, lomwe tsopano ndilofunika kwambiri (mafuta ndi gasi ndi mafakitale a mankhwala ali mu mapulani athu).
Ndizodziwikiratu kuti mulingo wa zida zoyambira sungathe kuzindikirika kudzera mukuwonetsa kwathunthu pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zenizeni. Choncho, pa gawo loyamba, tinapanga chitsanzo cha masamu cha malo opangira magetsi ndi gawo loyandikana nalo la mphamvu zamagetsi. Chitsanzochi chimaphatikizapo zida zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi - mizere yamagetsi, ma transformer, ndi zina zotero, ndipo amachitidwa mu phukusi lapadera la pulogalamu ya RSCAD. Chitsanzo chopangidwa motere chikhoza kukonzedwa ndi nthawi yeniyeni ya makompyuta - mbali yake yaikulu ndi yakuti nthawi ya ndondomeko mu dongosolo lenileni ndi nthawi ya ndondomeko mu chitsanzo ndizofanana kwambiri - ndiko kuti, ngati dera lalifupi muzochitika zenizeni. netiweki kumatenga masekondi awiri, izo zidzayerekezeredwa kwa ndendende kuchuluka kwa nthawi mu RSCAD). Timapeza gawo la "live" lamagetsi amagetsi, likugwira ntchito molingana ndi malamulo onse afizikiki komanso ngakhale kuyankha kuzinthu zakunja (mwachitsanzo, kutsegula kwa chitetezo cha relay ndi materminal automation, kudumpha kwa masiwichi, etc.). Kulumikizana ndi zida zakunja kunakwaniritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zolumikizirana makonda, kulola masamu kuti agwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa owongolera komanso kuchuluka kwa machitidwe odzipangira okha.
Koma milingo ya owongolera ndi makina owongolera opangira magetsi amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zenizeni zamakampani (ngakhale, ngati kuli kofunikira, titha kugwiritsanso ntchito zitsanzo zenizeni). Pamagulu awiriwa pali, motsatana, olamulira ndi zida zodzipangira okha (chitetezo cha relay, PMU, USPD, mita) ndi makina owongolera (SCADA, OIK, AIISKUE). Kujambula kwathunthu kumatha kukulitsa zenizeni zachitsanzocho ndipo, motero, ma cyber amadzichitira okha, popeza magulu adzalumikizana ndi zida zenizeni zamakampani, zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe ake, nsikidzi ndi zovuta zake.
Pa gawo lachitatu, tidakhazikitsa kuyanjana kwa magawo a masamu ndi akuthupi achitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera ndi mapulogalamu apakompyuta ndi ma amplifiers.
Chifukwa chake, zomangamanga zimawoneka motere:
Zida zonse zoyeserera zimalumikizana wina ndi mnzake monga momwe zilili mudongosolo lenileni la cyber-physical. Makamaka, pomanga mtunduwu tidagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsatirazi ndi zida zamakompyuta:
- Kuwerengera zovuta za RTDS powerengera "nthawi yeniyeni";
- Automated workstation (AWS) ya wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe ali ndi pulogalamu yoyikapo yowonetsera njira yaukadaulo ndi zida zoyambira zamagawo amagetsi;
- Makabati okhala ndi zida zoyankhulirana, chitetezo cha relay ndi malo opangira makina, ndi zida zowongolera njira;
- Makabati a amplifier opangidwa kuti azikulitsa ma siginecha a analogi kuchokera pagulu losinthira digito-to-analogi la simulator ya RTDS. Kabati iliyonse ya amplifier imakhala ndi midadada yokulirapo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma siginecha apano ndi ma voliyumu achitetezo a relay omwe amaphunzira. Zizindikilo zolowetsa zimakulitsidwa kufika pamlingo wofunikira kuti zigwire ntchito bwino za ma terminals otetezedwa.
Iyi si njira yokhayo yomwe ingatheke, koma, m'malingaliro athu, ndiyoyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a cyber, chifukwa ikuwonetsa mamangidwe enieni a malo ambiri amakono, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imatha kusinthidwa makonda kuti ipangidwenso monga molondola momwe kungathekere mbali zina za chinthu china.
Pomaliza
Ma cyber range ndi projekiti yayikulu, ndipo pali ntchito yambiri kutsogolo. Kumbali imodzi, timaphunzira zochitika za anzathu akumadzulo, kumbali ina, tiyenera kuchita zambiri potengera zomwe takumana nazo pogwira ntchito makamaka ndi mabizinesi aku Russia, popeza osati mafakitale okhawo, komanso mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi zenizeni. Uwu ndi mutu wovuta komanso wosangalatsa.
Komabe, tili otsimikiza kuti ife ku Russia tafika pa zomwe zimatchedwa "kukhwima" pamene makampani amamvetsetsanso kufunikira kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti posachedwa makampaniwa adzakhala ndi machitidwe ake abwino, ndipo mwachiyembekezo tidzalimbitsa chitetezo chathu.
olemba
Oleg Arkhangelsky, katswiri wofufuza komanso methodologist wa projekiti ya Industrial Cyber ββββTest Site.
Dmitry Syutov, injiniya wamkulu wa projekiti ya Industrial Cyber ββββTest Site;
Andrey Kuznetsov, wamkulu wa polojekiti ya "Industrial Cyber ββββTest Site", wachiwiri kwa wamkulu wa Cyber ββββSecurity Laboratory of Automated Process Control Systems for Production.
Source: www.habr.com