🥇Momwe mungayambire kugwiritsa ntchito Mawonekedwe Ogwiritsa mu Linux

Mau oyamba kuchokera kwa womasulira: Potengera kuchuluka kwazomwe zidalowa m'miyoyo yathu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zitha kukhala zosangalatsa komanso zothandiza kudziwa ndi umisiri womwe zidayamba kamodzi. Zina mwa izo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera mpaka pano, koma si onse omwe amakumbukira njira zotere (kapena amadziwa ngati sanagwidwe pakukula kwawo mwachangu). Tekinoloje imodzi yotere ndi User Mode Linux. Wolemba choyambirira adakumba kwambiri, ndikuzindikira kuti ndi ziti mwazinthu zakale zomwe zikugwirabe ntchito komanso zomwe sizikugwira ntchito, ndikuyika limodzi ngati malangizo atsatanetsatane amomwe mungadzipangire nokha UML yanyumba mu 2k19. Ndipo inde, tidayitanira wolemba positi yoyambirira kwa Habr Zomveka, kotero ngati muli ndi mafunso - funsani mu Chingerezi mu ndemanga.

Makina Ogwiritsa Ntchito mu Linux, kwenikweni, ndi doko la Linux kernel palokha. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi woyendetsa kernel yathunthu ya Linux ngati njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi opanga kuyesa madalaivala. Koma mode iyi imathandizanso ngati chida chodzipatula, mfundo yomwe ili yofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina enieni. Makinawa amapereka kudzipatula kuposa Docker, koma osakwana makina athunthu monga KVM kapena Virtual Box.

Nthawi zambiri, Mawonekedwe Ogwiritsa Ntchito angawoneke ngati chida chachilendo komanso chovuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma akadali ndi ntchito zake. Kupatula apo, iyi ndi Linux kernel yathunthu yomwe ikuyenda kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito opanda mwayi. Izi zimathandiza kuti code yosadalirika igwire ntchito popanda kuopseza makina osungira. Ndipo popeza iyi ndi kernel yodzaza, njira zake zimasiyanitsidwa ndi makina opangira, ndiko kuti njira zomwe zikuyenda mkati mwa User Mode sizidzawoneka kwa wolandirayo. Izi sizili ngati chidebe chokhazikika cha Docker, pomwe makina ogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse amawona njira zomwe zili mkati mosungiramo. Onani chidutswa cha pstree kuchokera ku seva yanga:

containerd─┬─containerd-shim─┬─tini─┬─dnsd───19*[{dnsd}]
           │                 │      └─s6-svscan───s6-supervise
           │                 └─10*[{containerd-shim}]
           ├─containerd-shim─┬─tini─┬─aerial───21*[{aerial}]
           │                 │      └─s6-svscan───s6-supervise
           │                 └─10*[{containerd-shim}]
           ├─containerd-shim─┬─tini─┬─s6-svscan───s6-supervise
           │                 │      └─surl
           │                 └─9*[{containerd-shim}]
           ├─containerd-shim─┬─tini─┬─h───13*[{h}]
           │                 │      └─s6-svscan───s6-supervise
           │                 └─10*[{containerd-shim}]
           ├─containerd-shim─┬─goproxy───14*[{goproxy}]
           │                 └─9*[{containerd-shim}]
           └─32*[{containerd}]

Ndipo yerekezerani izi ndi pstree ya Linux kernel mu User Mode:

linux─┬─5*[linux]
      └─slirp

Ndikagwira ntchito ndi zotengera za Docker, ndimatha kuwona kuchokera kwa omwe adalandira mayina a njira zomwe zikuyenda mwa mlendo. Ndi Linux User Mode, izi sizingatheke. Zikutanthauza chiyani? Izi zikutanthauza kuti zida zowunikira zomwe zimayenda kudzera mumayendedwe owerengera a Linux sindikuwona njira zomwe zikuyenda mu dongosolo la alendo. Koma nthawi zina, mbali iyi imatha kukhala lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse.

Mwambiri, positi yonse yomwe ili pansipa ndi mndandanda wa kafukufuku komanso kuyesa movutikira kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna. Kuti ndichite izi, ndimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zakale, kuwerenga magwero a kernel, kukonza zolakwika zomwe zidalembedwa m'masiku omwe ndidali kusukulu ya pulayimale, komanso tinker ndi Heroku amanga pogwiritsa ntchito binary yapadera kuti ndipeze zida zomwe ndimafunikira. . Ntchito zonsezi zidapangitsa anyamata pa IRC yanga kunditcha matsenga. Ndikukhulupirira kuti positiyi imakhala ngati zolembedwa zodalirika kuti wina ayese zomwezo ndi ma kernels atsopano ndi mitundu ya OS.

kusintha

Kukhazikitsa Linux User Mode kumachitika munjira zingapo:

kukhazikitsa zodalira pa khamu;
kutsitsa kernel ya Linux;
kernel kumanga kasinthidwe;
msonkhano wa kernel;
kuyika bayinare;
kukonza fayilo ya alendo;
kusankha kwa magawo oyambitsa kernel;
kukhazikitsa network ya alendo;
kuyambira nkhokwe ya alendo.

Ndikuganiza kuti ngati mutasankha kuchita nokha, mutha kuchita zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Ubuntu kapena Debian-like system. Ndidayesa kugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa pakugawa kwanga komwe ndimakonda - Alpine, koma palibe chomwe chidabwera, mwachiwonekere chifukwa chakuti Linux kernel ili ndi ma glibc-isms omangirira oyendetsa mu User Mode. Ndikukonzekera kufotokoza izi kumtunda ndikamvetsetsa vutolo.

Kuyika zodalira pa host

Ubuntu imafuna maphukusi otsatirawa kuti amange kernel ya Linux (poganiza kukhazikitsa koyera):

- 'build-essential' - 'flex' - 'bison' - 'xz-utils' - 'wget' - 'ca-certificates' - 'bc' - 'linux-headers'

Mutha kuziyika ndi lamulo ili (monga mizu kapena sudo):

apt-get -y install build-essential flex bison xz-utils wget ca-certificates bc 
                   linux-headers-$(uname -r)

Dziwani kuti kuyendetsa pulogalamu yokhazikitsira menyu ya Linux kernel kudzafunika kukhazikitsa libncurses-dev. Chonde onetsetsani kuti yayikidwa ndi lamulo ili (monga mizu kapena ndi sudo):

apt-get -y install libncurses-dev

Tsitsani Kernel

Sankhani komwe mungatsitse ndikumanga kernel. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugawa pafupifupi 1,3 GB ya hard disk space, choncho onetsetsani kuti muli nayo.

Pambuyo kupita ku kernel.org ndikupeza ulalo kuti mutsitse kernel yokhazikika. Pa nthawi yolemba izi ndi: https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.16.tar.xz

Tsitsani fayiloyi pogwiritsa ntchito 'wget':

wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.16.tar.xz

Ndi kuchotsa izo ndi 'tar':

tar xJf linux-5.1.16.tar.xz

Tsopano tikulowetsa chikwatu chomwe chinapangidwa potsegula tarball:

cd linux-5.1.16

Kupanga kwa Kernel

Njira yopangira kernel ndi seti Makefiles с zambiri zida zachikhalidwe ndi zolemba kuti zisinthe ndondomekoyi. Choyamba, tsegulani pulogalamu yoyambira yolumikizirana:

make ARCH=um menuconfig

Idzakupangirani pang'ono ndikukuwonetsani bokosi la zokambirana. Liti '[Select]', mudzatha kukonza pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi a Space kapena Enter. Yendetsani zenera, mwachizolowezi, ndi mivi ya kiyibodi "mmwamba" ndi "pansi", ndikusankha zinthu - "kumanzere" kapena "kumanja".

Cholozera chowonera -> chimatanthawuza kuti muli mu submenu, yofikiridwa ndi Enter key. Njira yotulukira mwachiwonekere ndikudutsa '[Exit]'.

Phatikizani zotsatirazi mu '[Select]' ndipo onetsetsani kuti ali ndi '[*]' pafupi nawo:

UML-specific Options:
  - Host filesystem
Networking support (enable this to get the submenu to show up):
  - Networking options:
    - TCP/IP Networking
UML Network devices:
  - Virtual network device
  - SLiRP transport

Ndizo zonse, mutha kutuluka pawindo ili posankha motsatizana '[Exit]'. Ingotsimikizirani kuti mwapemphedwa kusunga kasinthidwe kumapeto ndikusankha '[Yes]'.

Ndikupangira kuti muzisewera mozungulira ndi kernel build options mutawerenga izi. Kupyolera muzoyeserazi, mutha kuphunzira zambiri pomvetsetsa ntchito yamakina otsika a kernel mechanics komanso momwe mbendera zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzira msonkhano wake.

Kumanga kernel

Linux kernel ndi pulogalamu yayikulu yomwe imachita zinthu zambiri. Ngakhale ndi kasinthidwe kakang'ono kotere pa Hardware yakale, zitha kutenga nthawi kuti amange. Chifukwa chake pangani kernel ndi lamulo ili:

make ARCH=um -j$(nproc)

Zachiyani? Lamuloli liuza omanga athu kuti agwiritse ntchito ma cores onse a CPU ndi ulusi pomanga. Gulu $(nproc) kumapeto kwa Build m'malo mwake zotuluka za lamulo nproc, yomwe ili gawo la coreutils mu standard Ubuntu build.

Patapita kanthawi, kernel yathu idzapangidwa kukhala fayilo yotheka ./linux.

Kukhazikitsa binary

Popeza Mawonekedwe Ogwiritsa mu Linux amapanga binary wamba, mutha kuyiyika ngati zida zilizonse. Umu ndi momwe ndinapangira:

mkdir -p ~/bin
cp linux ~/bin/linux

M'pofunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti ~/bin ili mwa inu $PATH:

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

Kukhazikitsa dongosolo la fayilo ya alendo

Pangani chikwatu cha fayilo ya alendo:

mkdir -p $HOME/prefix/uml-demo
cd $HOME/prefix

Tsegulani alpinelinux.org ndi kulowa tsitsani gawo pezani ulalo weniweni wotsitsa MINI ROOT FILESYSTEM. Pa nthawi yolemba izi zinali:

http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.10/releases/x86_64/alpine-minirootfs-3.10.0-x86_64.tar.gz

Tsitsani tarball iyi pogwiritsa ntchito wget:

wget -O alpine-rootfs.tgz http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.10/releases/x86_64/alpine-minirootfs-3.10.0-x86_64.tar.gz

Tsopano lowetsani chikwatu cha fayilo ya alendo ndikuchotsa zakale:

cd uml-demo
tar xf ../alpine-rootfs.tgz

Zomwe tafotokozazi zidzapanga template yaing'ono yamafayilo. Chifukwa cha machitidwewa, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa phukusi kudzera pa Alpine apk manager. Koma FS iyi ikhala yokwanira kuwunika lingaliro wamba.

Timafunikiranso chida ife kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira ndondomeko za zombie mlendo wathu.

wget -O tini https://github.com/krallin/tini/releases/download/v0.18.0/tini-static
chmod +x tini

Kupanga mzere wolamula wa kernel

Linux kernel, monga mapulogalamu ena ambiri, ili ndi mikangano yamalamulo yomwe imatha kupezeka pofotokoza fungulo --help.

Iyemwini—thandizo

linux --help
User Mode Linux v5.1.16
        available at http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/

--showconfig
    Prints the config file that this UML binary was generated from.

iomem=<name>,<file>
    Configure <file> as an IO memory region named <name>.

mem=<Amount of desired ram>
    This controls how much "physical" memory the kernel allocates
    for the system. The size is specified as a number followed by
    one of 'k', 'K', 'm', 'M', which have the obvious meanings.
    This is not related to the amount of memory in the host.  It can
    be more, and the excess, if it's ever used, will just be swapped out.
        Example: mem=64M

--help
    Prints this message.

debug
    this flag is not needed to run gdb on UML in skas mode

root=<file containing the root fs>
    This is actually used by the generic kernel in exactly the same
    way as in any other kernel. If you configure a number of block
    devices and want to boot off something other than ubd0, you
    would use something like:
        root=/dev/ubd5

--version
    Prints the version number of the kernel.

umid=<name>
    This is used to assign a unique identity to this UML machine and
    is used for naming the pid file and management console socket.

con[0-9]*=<channel description>
    Attach a console or serial line to a host channel.  See
    http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/old/input.html for a complete
    description of this switch.

eth[0-9]+=<transport>,<options>
    Configure a network device.
    
aio=2.4
    This is used to force UML to use 2.4-style AIO even when 2.6 AIO is
    available.  2.4 AIO is a single thread that handles one request at a
    time, synchronously.  2.6 AIO is a thread which uses the 2.6 AIO
    interface to handle an arbitrary number of pending requests.  2.6 AIO
    is not available in tt mode, on 2.4 hosts, or when UML is built with
    /usr/include/linux/aio_abi.h not available.  Many distributions don't
    include aio_abi.h, so you will need to copy it from a kernel tree to
    your /usr/include/linux in order to build an AIO-capable UML

nosysemu
    Turns off syscall emulation patch for ptrace (SYSEMU).
    SYSEMU is a performance-patch introduced by Laurent Vivier. It changes
    behaviour of ptrace() and helps reduce host context switch rates.
    To make it work, you need a kernel patch for your host, too.
    See http://perso.wanadoo.fr/laurent.vivier/UML/ for further
    information.

uml_dir=<directory>
    The location to place the pid and umid files.

quiet
    Turns off information messages during boot.

hostfs=<root dir>,<flags>,...
    This is used to set hostfs parameters.  The root directory argument
    is used to confine all hostfs mounts to within the specified directory
    tree on the host.  If this isn't specified, then a user inside UML can
    mount anything on the host that's accessible to the user that's running
    it.
    The only flag currently supported is 'append', which specifies that all
    files opened by hostfs will be opened in append mode.

Gululi likuwonetsa magawo akulu a kukhazikitsa. Tiyeni tiyendetse kernel ndi zosankha zochepa zofunika:

linux 
  root=/dev/root 
  rootfstype=hostfs 
  rootflags=$HOME/prefix/uml-demo 
  rw 
  mem=64M 
  init=/bin/sh

Mizere yomwe ili pamwambapa imauza kernel yathu izi:

Tangoganizani kuti mizu yamafayilo ndi chipangizo chabodza /dev/root.
Sankhani hostfs monga dalaivala wa fayilo ya mizu.
Kwezani fayilo ya alendo omwe tidapanga pazida.
Ndipo inde, mukamawerenga-lemba.
Gwiritsani ntchito 64 MB yokha ya RAM (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zochepa kutengera zomwe mukufuna kuchita, koma 64 MB ikuwoneka ngati kuchuluka kwake).
Kernel imayamba yokha /bin/sh momwe init- ndondomeko.

Thamangani lamulo ili ndipo muyenera kupeza zinthu monga izi:

Pepala linanso

Core dump limits :
        soft - 0
        hard - NONE
Checking that ptrace can change system call numbers...OK
Checking syscall emulation patch for ptrace...OK
Checking advanced syscall emulation patch for ptrace...OK
Checking environment variables for a tempdir...none found
Checking if /dev/shm is on tmpfs...OK
Checking PROT_EXEC mmap in /dev/shm...OK
Adding 32137216 bytes to physical memory to account for exec-shield gap
Linux version 5.1.16 (cadey@kahless) (gcc version 7.4.0 (Ubuntu 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1)) #30 Sun Jul 7 18:57:19 UTC 2019
Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 23898
Kernel command line: root=/dev/root rootflags=/home/cadey/dl/uml/alpine rootfstype=hostfs rw mem=64M init=/bin/sh
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Memory: 59584K/96920K available (2692K kernel code, 708K rwdata, 588K rodata, 104K init, 244K bss, 37336K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
NR_IRQS: 15
clocksource: timer: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1cd42e205, max_idle_ns: 881590404426 ns
Calibrating delay loop... 7479.29 BogoMIPS (lpj=37396480)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Checking that host ptys support output SIGIO...Yes
Checking that host ptys support SIGIO on close...No, enabling workaround
devtmpfs: initialized
random: get_random_bytes called from setup_net+0x48/0x1e0 with crng_init=0
Using 2.6 host AIO
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 16
clocksource: Switched to clocksource timer
NET: Registered protocol family 2
tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
console [stderr0] disabled
mconsole (version 2) initialized on /home/cadey/.uml/tEwIjm/mconsole
Checking host MADV_REMOVE support...OK
workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=14 bucket_order=0
Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 254)
io scheduler noop registered (default)
io scheduler bfq registered
loop: module loaded
NET: Registered protocol family 17
Initialized stdio console driver
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 1 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 2 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 3 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 4 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 5 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 6 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 7 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 8 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 9 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 10 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 11 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 12 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 13 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 14 : Configuration failed
Using a channel type which is configured out of UML
setup_one_line failed for device 15 : Configuration failed
Console initialized on /dev/tty0
console [tty0] enabled
console [mc-1] enabled
Failed to initialize ubd device 0 :Couldn't determine size of device's file
VFS: Mounted root (hostfs filesystem) on device 0:11.
devtmpfs: mounted
This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
Run /bin/sh as init process
/bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off
random: fast init done
/ #

Zosintha pamwambapa zitipatsa alendo dongosolo osachepera, popanda zinthu ngati /proc kapena dzina lopatsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, yesani malamulo awa:

- uname -av - cat /proc/self/pid - hostname

Kuti mutuluke mwa mlendo, lembani exit kapena dinani Control-d. Izi zipha chipolopolo chotsatiridwa ndi mantha a kernel:

/ # exit
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000000
fish: “./linux root=/dev/root rootflag…” terminated by signal SIGABRT (Abort)

Tili ndi mantha a kernel chifukwa kernel ya Linux ikuganiza kuti njira yoyambira imayenda nthawi zonse. Popanda izo, dongosololi silingathenso kugwira ntchito ndi kuwonongeka. Koma popeza iyi ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito, zotsatira zake zimadzitumiza SIGABRT, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira.

Kukonzekera kwa netiweki ya alendo

Ndipo apa ndipamene zinthu zimayamba kusokonekera. Networking mu User Mode Linux ndipamene lingaliro lonse la "user mode" lochepera limayamba kutha. Kupatula apo, nthawi zambiri pamlingo wadongosolo, maukonde amakhala ochepa mwayi njira zophera chifukwa tonsefe zifukwa zomveka.

Zindikirani. pa .: mutha kuwerenga zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito ndi netiweki mu UML apa.

Ulendo wopita ku Slirp

Komabe, pali chida chakale komanso chosathandizidwa chotchedwa Slirp, yomwe User Mode Linux imatha kulumikizana ndi netiweki. Zimagwira ntchito ngati mulingo wa TCP/IP wa ogwiritsa ntchito ndipo sizifuna chilolezo chadongosolo kuti zitheke. Chida ichi chinali inatulutsidwa mu 1995, ndipo zosintha zaposachedwa zidalembedwa Chaka cha 2006. Slirp ndi wakale kwambiri. Panthawiyi popanda chithandizo ndi zosintha, olemba apita mpaka pano kuti chida ichi chikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati kodi kuwola.

Chifukwa chake tiyeni titsitse Slirp kuchokera kumalo osungira a Ubuntu ndikuyesera kuyendetsa:

sudo apt-get install slirp
/usr/bin/slirp
Slirp v1.0.17 (BETA)

Copyright (c) 1995,1996 Danny Gasparovski and others.
All rights reserved.
This program is copyrighted, free software.
Please read the file COPYRIGHT that came with the Slirp
package for the terms and conditions of the copyright.

IP address of Slirp host: 127.0.0.1
IP address of your DNS(s): 1.1.1.1, 10.77.0.7
Your address is 10.0.2.15
(or anything else you want)

Type five zeroes (0) to exit.

[autodetect SLIP/CSLIP, MTU 1500, MRU 1500, 115200 baud]

SLiRP Ready ...
fish: “/usr/bin/slirp” terminated by signal SIGSEGV (Address boundary error)

O milungu. Tiyeni tiyike debugger ya Slirp ndikuwona ngati titha kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika apa:

sudo apt-get install gdb slirp-dbgsym
gdb /usr/bin/slirp
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 8.1-0ubuntu3) 8.1.0.20180409-git
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from /usr/bin/slirp...Reading symbols from /usr/lib/debug/.build-id/c6/2e75b69581a1ad85f72ac32c0d7af913d4861f.debug...done.
done.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /usr/bin/slirp
Slirp v1.0.17 (BETA)

Copyright (c) 1995,1996 Danny Gasparovski and others.
All rights reserved.
This program is copyrighted, free software.
Please read the file COPYRIGHT that came with the Slirp
package for the terms and conditions of the copyright.

IP address of Slirp host: 127.0.0.1
IP address of your DNS(s): 1.1.1.1, 10.77.0.7
Your address is 10.0.2.15
(or anything else you want)

Type five zeroes (0) to exit.

[autodetect SLIP/CSLIP, MTU 1500, MRU 1500, 115200 baud]

SLiRP Ready ...

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
                                                    ip_slowtimo () at ip_input.c:457
457     ip_input.c: No such file or directory.

Cholakwika chimagunda mwa ife mzere uwu. Tiyeni tiwone stacktrace, mwina china chake chingatithandize pamenepo:

(gdb) bt full
#0  ip_slowtimo () at ip_input.c:457
        fp = 0x55784a40
#1  0x000055555556a57c in main_loop () at ./main.c:980
        so = <optimized out>
        so_next = <optimized out>
        timeout = {tv_sec = 0, tv_usec = 0}
        ret = 0
        nfds = 0
        ttyp = <optimized out>
        ttyp2 = <optimized out>
        best_time = <optimized out>
        tmp_time = <optimized out>
#2  0x000055555555b116 in main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffdc58) at ./main.c:95
No locals.

Apa tikuwona kuti kuwonongeka kumachitika panthawi yoyambira kwambiri pamene slirp ikuyesera kufufuza nthawi. Panthawi imeneyi, ndinayenera kusiya kuyesa kuthetsa vutoli. Koma tiyeni tiwone ngati Slirp yomangidwa kuchokera kumitundu imagwira ntchito. Ndidatsitsanso zosunga zakale kuchokera patsamba Sourceforge, chifukwa kukokera china chake kuchokera pamenepo kudzera pamzere wolamula ndikopweteka:

cd ~/dl
wget https://xena.greedo.xeserv.us/files/slirp-1.0.16.tar.gz
tar xf slirp-1.0.16.tar.gz
cd slirp-1.0.16/src
./configure --prefix=$HOME/prefix/slirp
make

Apa tikuwona zidziwitso za ntchito zomangidwira zosadziwika bwino, ndiye kuti, kulephera kulumikiza fayilo ya binary yomwe idatsatira. Zikuwoneka kuti pakati pa 2006 ndi mfundo iyi, gcc inasiya kupanga zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzomangamanga za mafayilo ophatikizidwa. Tiyeni tiyese kusintha mawu osakira inline pa ndemanga yopanda kanthu ndikuwona zotsatira zake:

vi slirp.h
:6
a
<enter>
#define inline /**/
<escape>
:wq
make

Ayi. Izi sizikugwiranso ntchito. Sitinapezebe zizindikiro za ntchitoyi.

Panthawiyi, ndinasiya ndikuyamba kuyang'ana pa Github Heroku kumanga phukusi. Lingaliro langa linali loti phukusi lina la Heroku limakhala ndi zolembera zomwe ndimafunikira. Pamapeto pake, kufufuzako kunanditsogolera cha kuno. Ndinatsitsa ndikutsitsa uml.tar.gz ndipo anapeza izi:

total 6136
-rwxr-xr-x 1 cadey cadey   79744 Dec 10  2017 ifconfig*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 cadey cadey     373 Dec 13  2017 init*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 cadey cadey  149688 Dec 10  2017 insmod*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 cadey cadey   66600 Dec 10  2017 route*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 cadey cadey  181056 Jun 26  2015 slirp*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 cadey cadey 5786592 Dec 15  2017 uml*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 cadey cadey     211 Dec 13  2017 uml_run*

Iyi ndiye Binary slirp! Kodi amagwira ntchito?

./slirp
Slirp v1.0.17 (BETA) FULL_BOLT

Copyright (c) 1995,1996 Danny Gasparovski and others.
All rights reserved.
This program is copyrighted, free software.
Please read the file COPYRIGHT that came with the Slirp
package for the terms and conditions of the copyright.

IP address of Slirp host: 127.0.0.1
IP address of your DNS(s): 1.1.1.1, 10.77.0.7
Your address is 10.0.2.15
(or anything else you want)

Type five zeroes (0) to exit.

[autodetect SLIP/CSLIP, MTU 1500, MRU 1500]

SLiRP Ready ...

Sikuwonongeka - kotero iyenera kugwira ntchito! Tiyeni tibzale binary iyi mkati ~/bin/slirp:

cp slirp ~/bin/slirp

Ngati wopanga phukusi achotsa, I anapanga kalilole.

Kukhazikitsa makina

Tsopano tiyeni tiyike netiweki pa kernel yathu ya alendo. Sinthani zosankha zoyambitsa:

linux 
  root=/dev/root 
  rootfstype=hostfs 
  rootflags=$HOME/prefix/uml-demo 
  rw 
  mem=64M 
  eth0=slirp,,$HOME/bin/slirp 
  init=/bin/sh

Tsopano tiyeni tiyatse netiweki:

mount -t proc proc proc/
mount -t sysfs sys sys/

ifconfig eth0 10.0.2.14 netmask 255.255.255.240 broadcast 10.0.2.15
route add default gw 10.0.2.2

Malamulo awiri oyambirira kasinthidwe /proc и /sys zofunika kuntchito ifconfig, yomwe imayika mawonekedwe a netiweki kuti azilumikizana ndi Slirp. Gulu route imakhazikitsa tebulo la kernel routing kukakamiza magalimoto onse kuti atumizidwe kudzera mumsewu wa Slirp. Tiyeni tiwone izi ndi funso la DNS:

nslookup google.com 8.8.8.8
Server:    8.8.8.8
Address 1: 8.8.8.8 dns.google

Name:      google.com
Address 1: 172.217.12.206 lga25s63-in-f14.1e100.net
Address 2: 2607:f8b0:4006:81b::200e lga25s63-in-x0e.1e100.net

Работает!

Chidziwitso pa .: Mwachiwonekere, positi yoyambirira idalembedwa pakompyuta yokhala ndi khadi yamaneti yamawaya, kapena masinthidwe ena omwe sanafune madalaivala owonjezera. Pa laputopu yokhala ndi WiFi 8265 kuchokera ku Intel, cholakwika chimachitika pakukweza maukonde

/ # ifconfig eth0 10.0.2.14 netmask 255.255.255.240 broadcast 10.0.2.15
slirp_tramp failed - errno = 2
ifconfig: ioctl 0x8914 failed: No such file or directory
/ #

Mwachiwonekere, kernel sangathe kulankhulana ndi dalaivala wa khadi la intaneti. Kuyesera kusonkhanitsa firmware mu kernel, mwatsoka, sikunakonze vutoli. Pa nthawi yofalitsidwa, sikunali kotheka kupeza njira yothetsera vutoli. Pamakonzedwe osavuta (mwachitsanzo, mu Virtualbox), mawonekedwe amawuka bwino.

Tiyeni tisinthe ndikuwongolera ndi chipolopolo chotsatirachi:

#!/bin/sh
# init.sh

mount -t proc proc proc/
mount -t sysfs sys sys/
ifconfig eth0 10.0.2.14 netmask 255.255.255.240 broadcast 10.0.2.15
route add default gw 10.0.2.2

echo "networking set up"

exec /tini /bin/sh

Ndipo lembani kuti ikwaniritsidwe:

chmod +x init.sh

Kenako tisintha mzere wa kernel command:

linux 
  root=/dev/root 
  rootfstype=hostfs 
  rootflags=$HOME/prefix/uml-demo 
  rw 
  mem=64M 
  eth0=slirp,,$HOME/bin/slirp 
  init=/init.sh

Ndipo tiyeni tibwereze:

SLiRP Ready ...
networking set up
/bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off

nslookup google.com 8.8.8.8
Server:    8.8.8.8
Address 1: 8.8.8.8 dns.google

Name:      google.com
Address 1: 172.217.12.206 lga25s63-in-f14.1e100.net
Address 2: 2607:f8b0:4004:800::200e iad30s09-in-x0e.1e100.net

Network ili yokhazikika!

docker wapamwamba

Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti muwone zonsezi, ndasonkhanitsa Dockerfile, yomwe imapanga masitepe ambiri omwe afotokozedwa ndipo iyenera kukupatsani kasinthidwe ka ntchito. Inenso ndatero kernel yokonzedweratu, yomwe ili ndi zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa mu positi. Koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti apa ndangofotokoza zochepa chabe.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti positiyi yakuthandizani kumvetsetsa momwe mungakwezere kernel ya alendo. Zinapezeka kuti ndi mtundu wina wa chilombo, koma bukuli lidapangidwa ngati chiwongolero chokwanira pakumanga, kukhazikitsa ndikusintha Mawonekedwe Ogwiritsa Ntchito mu Linux pansi pamitundu yamakono yoyendetsera banja ili. Masitepe otsatirawa aphatikizepo kukhazikitsa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu ena omwe ali mkati mwa alendo. Popeza zithunzi za chidebe cha Docker zangotulutsidwa kumene, muyenera kuchotsa chithunzicho kudzera docker export, ndiyeno dziwani njira yake yoyika muzu wa fayilo ya alendo. Chabwino, ndiye yambitsani chipolopolo script.

Tithokoze mwapadera kwa Rkeene wochokera ku #lobsters pa Freenode. Popanda thandizo lake kuchotsa Slirp, sindikadafika pano. Sindikudziwa momwe dongosolo lake la Slackware limagwirira ntchito moyenera ndi slirp, koma machitidwe anga a Ubuntu ndi Alpine sanavomereze kutsetsereka ndipo binary Rkeene adandiuza. Koma ndizokwanira kwa ine kuti chinachake chimandigwirira ntchito.

Source: www.habr.com

Momwe mungayambitsire kugwiritsa ntchito User Mode mu Linux