Kodi kuletsa masamba omwe amafalitsa zoletsedwa kumagwira ntchito bwanji (tsopano RKN imayang'ananso injini zosakira)

Tisanapitirire ku kufotokozera za dongosolo lomwe liri ndi udindo wosefa mwayi wa oyendetsa telecom, tikuwona kuti tsopano Roskomnadzor idzayang'aniranso ntchito ya injini zosaka.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka, njira zowongolera ndi mndandanda wazomwe zidavomerezedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ogwiritsa ntchito injini zosaka akutsatira zofunikira kuti asiye kupereka zidziwitso zazinthu zapaintaneti, zomwe zili ndi malire pagawo la Russian Federation.

Dongosolo logwirizana Roskomnadzor ya November 7, 2017 No. 229 imalembedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilungamo ku Russia.

Lamuloli lidavomerezedwa ngati gawo la kukhazikitsidwa kwa zomwe zili mu Article 15.8 ya Federal Law ya Julayi 27.07.2006, 149 No. XNUMX-FZ "Pa Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection," yomwe imatsimikiza. maudindo a eni ake a mautumiki a VPN, "osadziwika" ndi oyendetsa injini zosaka kuti achepetse mwayi wopeza zambiri, kugawa komwe kuli koletsedwa ku Russia.

Ntchito zowongolera zimachitika pamalo owongolera popanda kuyanjana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito injini zosaka.

Dongosolo lachidziwitso limamveka ngati FSIS yazidziwitso zamauthenga ndi ma telecommunication network, omwe amapeza malire.

Kutengera zotsatira za chochitikacho, lipoti limapangidwa, lomwe likuwonetsa, makamaka, zambiri za pulogalamu yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa mfundo izi, komanso chidziwitso chotsimikizira kuti tsamba linalake (masamba) atsambali panthawi yolamulira. anali m'chidziwitso kwa nthawi yoposa tsiku.

Mchitidwewu umatumizidwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito injini zosaka kudzera mudongosolo lazidziwitso. Pakakhala kusagwirizana ndi chigamulocho, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali ndi ufulu wopereka zotsutsa zake ku Roskomnadzor mkati mwa masiku atatu ogwira ntchito, omwe amaganiziranso zotsutsazo mkati mwa masiku atatu ogwira ntchito. Malingana ndi zotsatira za kulingalira kwa zotsutsa za woyendetsa, mutu wa bungwe lolamulira kapena wothandizira wake amasankha kuyambitsa mlandu wolakwira.

Momwe njira zosefera zofikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma telecom zidapangidwira pano

Ku Russia pali malamulo angapo omwe amakakamiza ogwiritsira ntchito telecom kuti ayese kupeza masamba omwe amagawa zoletsedwa:

• Federal Law 126 "Pa Communications", kusinthidwa kwa Art. 46 - paudindo wa wogwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa mwayi wopeza chidziwitso (FSEM).
• "Unified Register" - Lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation la Okutobala 26, 2012 N 1101 "Pa dongosolo lolumikizana lodziwikiratu" "Registry Unified of domain names, indexes of site sites in information and telecommunications network" Internet "ndi ma network adilesi zomwe zimalola kuzindikiritsa mawebusayiti pazidziwitso ndi matelefoni pa intaneti omwe ali ndi zidziwitso zomwe kugawa kwake ndikoletsedwa ku Russian Federation"
• Federal Law 436 "Pa Chitetezo cha Ana ...", kugawa zidziwitso zomwe zilipo.
• Federal Law No. 3 "Pa Apolisi", Ndime 13, ndime 12 - pakuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ziwopsezo ku chitetezo cha nzika ndi chitetezo cha anthu.
• Federal Law No. 187 "Pa kusintha kwa malamulo ena a Chitaganya cha Russia pa kuteteza ufulu waluntha pazidziwitso ndi ma telecommunication network" ("anti-piracy law").
• Kutsatira zigamulo za makhothi ndi malamulo a ozenga milandu.
• Lamulo la Federal la July 28.07.2012, 139 N XNUMX-FZ "Pa Zosintha za Lamulo la Federal "Pa Chitetezo cha Ana ku Chidziwitso Chovulaza Thanzi Lawo ndi Chitukuko" ndi malamulo ena a Russian Federation."
• Federal Law ya July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ "Pazidziwitso, matekinoloje a chidziwitso ndi chitetezo cha chidziwitso."

Zopempha kuchokera ku Roskomnadzor zoletsa zili ndi mndandanda wazosinthidwa wazofunikira kwa omwe amapereka, cholowa chilichonse kuchokera ku pempho lotere chili ndi:

• mtundu wa kaundula malinga ndi kuletsa kwapangidwa;
• nthawi yomwe kufunikira koletsa kulowa kumayambira;
• mtundu wakuyankha mwachangu (nthawi zambiri mwachangu - mkati mwa maola XNUMX, kufulumira kwambiri - kuyankha mwachangu);
• mtundu wa kaundula kulowa kutsekereza (ndi URL kapena dzina ankalamulira);
• khodi ya hashi ya zolembera zolembera (zimasintha nthawi zonse zomwe zili muzolowera zisintha);
• tsatanetsatane wa chigamulo pakufunika koletsa mwayi wopezeka;
• mndandanda umodzi kapena zingapo zamasamba, omwe ayenera kukhala ochepa (posankha);
• dzina limodzi kapena angapo ankalamulira (ngati mukufuna);
• ma adilesi amodzi kapena angapo a netiweki (ngati mukufuna);
• imodzi kapena zingapo za IP (ngati mukufuna).

Kuti athe kulumikizana bwino ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, "Njira yachidziwitso yolumikizana pakati pa Roskomnadzor ndi oyendetsa ma telecom" idapangidwa. Ili pamodzi ndi malamulo, malangizo ndi zikumbutso kwa ogwira ntchito pa portal yapadera:

vigruzki.rkn.gov.ru

Kwa mbali yake, pofuna kuyang'ana ogwira ntchito pa telecom, Roskomnadzor anayamba kupereka kasitomala ku AS "Revizor". Pansipa pali pang'ono za magwiridwe antchito a wothandizira.

Algorithm yowonera kupezeka kwa ulalo uliwonse ndi Wothandizira. Pofufuza, Wothandizira ayenera:

• Dziwani ma adilesi a IP omwe dzina la netiweki latsamba lomwe likuyang'aniridwa (domain) limasinthidwa kapena gwiritsani ntchito IP ma adilesi omwe aperekedwa pakukweza;
• Pa adilesi iliyonse ya IP yolandiridwa kuchokera ku maseva a DNS, pangani pempho la HTTP kuti URL iwunikidwe. Ngati HTTP yolozeranso ilandilidwa kuchokera patsamba lomwe likusinthidwa, Wothandizira ayenera kuyang'ana ulalo womwe wolozerawo wapangidwira. Osachepera maulendo asanu otsatizana a HTTP amathandizidwa;
• ngati sizingatheke kupanga pempho la HTTP (kulumikizana kwa TCP sikunakhazikitsidwe), Wothandizira ayenera kuganiza kuti adilesi yonse ya IP yatsekedwa;
• ngati pempho la HTTP lachita bwino, Wothandizira ayenera kuyang'ana yankho lomwe adalandira kuchokera kutsamba lomwe likuyang'aniridwa ndi code ya HTTP, mitu ya HTTP, ndi HTTP (zoyamba zolandiridwa mpaka 10 kb kukula). Ngati yankho lolandilidwa likufanana ndi ma templates a tsamba la stub omwe adapangidwa mu control center ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ulalo womwe ukufufuzidwa watsekedwa;
• poyang'ana ulalo, Wothandizira ayenera kuyang'ana kuyika kwa kulumikizana kwachinsinsi ndikuyika chizindikiro;
• Ngati zomwe zalandilidwa ndi Wothandizira sizikufanana ndi ma tempuleti a masamba a stub kapena masamba odalirika omwe amadziwitsidwa za kutsekeka kwa zinthu, Wothandizira ayenera kuganiza kuti URL sinatsekedwe pa SPD ya wogwiritsa ntchito telecom. Pankhaniyi, chidziwitso chokhudza deta (yankho la HTTP) yolandiridwa ndi Wothandizira imalembedwa mu lipoti (fayilo yolemba zolemba). Woyang'anira dongosolo ali ndi kuthekera kopanga template ya tsamba latsopano la stub kuchokera ku mbiriyi kuti apewe malingaliro onama motsatira za kusowa kwa chipika.

Lembani zomwe Wothandizira ayenera kupereka

• kulumikizana ndi malo owongolera kuti mupeze mndandanda wathunthu wa ma URL ndi njira zotsekereza zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwa;
• kuyankhulana ndi malo olamulira kuti mupeze deta pamitundu yoyesera. Mitundu yothandizira: cheke chanthawi zonse, nthawi zonse ndi nthawi yodziwika, kusankha nthawi imodzi yokhala ndi mndandanda wa ma URL omwe amatchulidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, fufuzani nthawi ndi nthawi ndi nthawi yodziwika ya mndandanda wa ma URL (amtundu wina wa mbiri ya EP);
• kupitiriza kuchitidwa kwa njira zotsimikizirika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wa URL womwe ulipo, ngati n'zosatheka kupeza mndandanda wa ma URL kuchokera ku malo olamulira, ndi kusungirako zotsatira zoyesa zomwe zapezedwa ndikusamutsira ku malo olamulira;
• kukhazikitsa kwathunthu njira zotsimikizira zomwe zatchulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mindandanda ya URL yomwe ilipo, ngati kuli kotheka kupeza zambiri zamitundu yotsimikizira kuchokera ku malo owongolera, ndikusunga zotsatira zoyeserera ndikusamutsira kumalo owongolera;
• kuyang'ana zotsatira zotsekereza motsatira njira yokhazikitsidwa;
• kutumiza lipoti la kuyendera komwe kunachitika ku malo olamulira (fayilo yoyang'anira chipika);
• kutha kuyang'ana magwiridwe antchito a SPD ya telecom, i.e. kuyang'ana kupezeka kwa mndandanda wa malo odziwika opezeka;
• kuthekera koyang'ana zotsatira zotsekereza pogwiritsa ntchito seva ya proxy;
• kuthekera kwakusintha kwa mapulogalamu akutali;
• Kutha kuchita njira zodziwira matenda pa SPD (nthawi yoyankhira, njira ya paketi, kuthamanga kwa kutsitsa mafayilo kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja, kutsimikiza kwa ma adilesi a IP a mayina amtundu, kuthamanga kwa kulandira zidziwitso munjira yolumikizirana m'malo olumikizirana ma waya, paketi. chiwopsezo chotayika, ma phukusi apakati ochedwetsa nthawi yopatsirana);
• kusanthula magwiridwe antchito a ma URL 10 pa sekondi iliyonse, pokhapokha ngati pali bandwidth yokwanira yolumikizirana;
• Kuthekera kwa wothandizira kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito kangapo (mpaka nthawi 20), ndi ma frequency osinthika kuchokera 1 nthawi sekondi imodzi mpaka 1 nthawi pamphindi;
• kuthekera kopanga dongosolo lachisawawa lazolemba zomwe zimatumizidwa kuti ziyesedwe ndikuyika patsogolo tsamba linalake latsamba pa intaneti.

Mwambiri, kapangidwe kake kamawoneka motere:

Mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu a hardware posefa magalimoto a pa intaneti (DPI solutions) amalola ogwira ntchito kuti atseke magalimoto kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kupita kumasamba kuchokera pamndandanda wa RKN. Kaya atsekedwa kapena ayi amafufuzidwa ndi kasitomala wa AS Auditor. Amangoyang'ana kupezeka kwa malowa pogwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wochokera ku RKN.

Zitsanzo zowunikira protocol zilipo kugwirizana.

Chaka chatha, Roskomnadzor adayamba kuyesa njira zotsekereza zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito angagwiritse ntchito kukhazikitsa dongosololi ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Ndiroleni nditchule zotsatira za kuyezetsa kotere:

"Mayankho a mapulogalamu apadera "UBIC", "EcoFilter", "SKAT DPI", "Tiksen-Blokirovka", "SkyDNS Zapret ISP" ndi "Carbon Reductor DPI" adalandira mfundo zabwino kuchokera ku Roskomnadzor.

Mawu omaliza ochokera ku Roskomnadzor adalandiridwanso kutsimikizira kuthekera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma telecom omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya ZapretService ngati njira yoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsedwa pa intaneti. Zotsatira zoyeserera zidawonetsa kuti ikayikidwa molingana ndi njira yolumikizira yomwe wopangayo adalimbikitsa "pagap" ndikukonza bwino maukonde a telecom, kuchuluka kwa zolakwa zomwe zadziwika malinga ndi Unified Register of Prohibited Information sikudutsa 0,02%.

Chifukwa chake, ogwira ntchito pa telecom amapatsidwa mwayi wosankha njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera mwayi wopezeka pazinthu zoletsedwa, kuphatikiza kuchokera pamndandanda wazinthu zamapulogalamu zomwe zalandira malingaliro abwino kuchokera ku Roskomnadzor.

Komabe, pakuyesa pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya IdecoSeleta ISP, chifukwa chautali wamayendedwe ake ndikuikonza, ena ogwira ntchito sanathe kuyamba kuyesa nthawi yake. Kwa opitilira theka la ogwiritsa ntchito ma telecom omwe akutenga nawo gawo pakuyesa, nthawi yoyeserera ya Ideco Selecta ISP sinapitirire sabata. Poganizira kuchuluka kwa ziwerengero zomwe zapezedwa komanso ochepa omwe adayesa nawo, Roskomnadzor m'mawu ake ovomerezeka adawonetsa kuti sizingatheke kupeza ziganizo zomveka bwino za mphamvu ya chinthu cha Ideco Selecta ISP ngati njira yochepetsera mwayi wopezeka pazinthu zoletsedwa pa intaneti. ”

Ndiloleni ndiwonjezere kuti mpaka 27 ogwira ntchito pa telecom omwe ali ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana za olembetsa ochokera m'maboma osiyanasiyana a Russian Federation adatenga nawo gawo pakuyesa pulogalamu iliyonse.

Malingaliro ovomerezeka otengera zotsatira za mayeso angapezeke apa. Zotsatirazi zilibe chidziwitso chaukadaulo. Mutha kuwerenga za "Ideco Selecta ISP" kuti mudziwe zomwe simuyenera kuchita.

Kuyesa kwa chaka chino kudzapitirira ndipo pakalipano, poyang'ana nkhani zochokera ku Roskomnadzor, chinthu chimodzi chatengedwa kale ndipo 2 zina ziri posachedwa.

Bwanji ngati kutsekereza kunachitika molakwika?

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kukukumbutsani kuti Roskomnadzor "salakwitsa," zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi Khoti Loona za Malamulo.

Chigamulocho, chomwe chimamasula bwino Roskomnadzor udindo woletsa malo molakwika, chinavomerezedwa ngati gawo la kulingalira kwa madandaulo ku Khoti Lalikulu la Malamulo ndi mkulu wa Internet Publishers Association, Vladimir Kharitonov. Inanena kuti mu Disembala 2012, Roskomnadzor molakwika adaletsa laibulale yake yapaintaneti digital-books.ru. Monga momwe Bambo Kharitonov adafotokozera, zothandizira zake zinali pa adiresi ya IP yomweyi monga portal rastamantales(.)ru (tsopano rastamantales(.)com), yomwe inali chinthu choyambirira chotsekereza. Vladimir Kharitonov anayesa kuchita apilo chigamulo cha Roskomnadzor kukhoti, koma mu June 2013 Khoti Lachigawo la Tagansky linazindikira kuti kutsekerezako kunali kovomerezeka, ndipo mu September 2013 chigamulochi chinatsimikiziridwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu la Moscow.

Kuchokera pamenepo:

Roskomnadzor adauza a Kommersant kuti akhutira ndi chigamulo cha Khothi Loona za Malamulo. "Khothi la Constitutional Court lidatsimikizira kuti Roskomnadzor akutsatira lamuloli. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito alibe luso loletsa kulowa patsamba lina latsambalo, osati ku adilesi yake ya netiweki, ndiye kuti ndi udindo wa wogwiritsa ntchitoyo, "mlembi wa atolankhani ku dipatimentiyo adauza Kommersant.

Nkhaniyi ndi yofunikanso kwa opereka mtambo ndi makampani ochitira alendo, monga momwe zachitikiranso zofanana. Mu June 2016, ntchito yamtambo ya Amazon S3 inatsekedwa ku Russia, ngakhale tsamba la chipinda cha 888poker poker lomwe lili pa nsanja yake linaphatikizidwa mu kaundula pa pempho la Federal Tax Service. Kutsekereza kwa gwero lonse kudachitika ndendende chifukwa Amazon S3 imagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya https yotetezeka, yomwe siyilola kutsekereza masamba amodzi. Pokhapokha Amazon yokhayo itachotsa tsamba lomwe akuluakulu aku Russia anali ndi madandaulo ndizomwe zidachotsedwa m'kaundula.

Source: www.habr.com