Ayi, kuyambitsa ntchito yodziwika bwino (dapp) pa blockchain sikungabweretse bizinesi yopambana. M'malo mwake, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri samaganiziranso ngati pulogalamuyo ikugwira ntchito pa blockchain - amangosankha chinthu chotsika mtengo, chachangu komanso chosavuta.

Tsoka ilo, ngakhale blockchain ili ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso mapindu ake, mapulogalamu ambiri omwe amayendetsedwa pamenepo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, ocheperako, komanso ocheperako kuposa omwe amapikisana nawo pakati.

Nthawi zambiri m'mapepala oyera a mapulogalamu omwe amamangidwa pa blockchain, mumapeza ndime yomwe imati: "blockchain ndi yokwera mtengo ndipo sichitha kuthandizira chiwerengero chofunikira cha malonda pa sekondi imodzi." Mwamwayi, anthu ambiri anzeru akugwira ntchito yokweza blockchain ndi pofika nthawi yomwe pulogalamu yathu idzayambike idzakhala yoopsa kwambiri. "

M'ndime imodzi yosavuta, wopanga dapp akhoza kusiya kukambirana mozama za zovuta za scalability ndi njira zina zothetsera mavuto. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera kumangidwe kosagwira ntchito komwe makontrakitala anzeru omwe akuyenda pa blockchain amakhala ngati kumbuyo komanso pachimake pakugwiritsa ntchito.

Komabe, pali njira zomwe sizinayesedwe zomangira ntchito zomwe zimaloleza kuwongolera bwinoko pochepetsa kudalira blockchain. Mwachitsanzo, Blockstack ikugwira ntchito yomanga momwe zambiri zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi malingaliro amasungidwa opanda unyolo.

Tiyeni tiyang'ane kaye njira yachikhalidwe, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito blockchain ngati mkhalapakati wachindunji pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso yomwe siyikula bwino.

Njira #1: Blockchain ngati Backend

Kuti zinthu zimveke bwino, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo cha malonda a hotelo. Uwu ndi bizinesi yayikulu momwe apakati monga Booking.com, amalipira mtengo waukulu kulumikiza alendo ndi mahotela.

Mulimonse momwe tingagonjetsere mkhalapakati wotere pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, tidzayesa kubwereza ndondomeko yake yamalonda pogwiritsa ntchito mapangano anzeru pa blockchain monga Ethereum.

Mapangano otseguka anzeru omwe akuyenda pa "kompyuta yapadziko lonse" amatha kulumikiza amalonda kwa ogula popanda munthu wina pakati, ndikuchepetsa chindapusa ndi ma komisheni omwe amalipiritsa ndi mkhalapakati.

Monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa, mahotela ntchito decentralized ntchito nsanamira pa blockchain zambiri za zipinda, kupezeka kwawo ndi mitengo mkati mwa sabata kapena kumapeto kwa sabata, ndipo mwinanso kufotokoza zipinda ndi zina zonse zofunika.

Aliyense amene akufuna kusungitsa chipinda amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi posaka mahotela ndi zipinda zomwe zili pa blockchain. Wogwiritsa ntchito akasankha chipinda, kusungitsako kumapangidwa potumiza ma tokeni ofunikira ku hotelo ngati ndalama. Ndipo poyankha, mgwirizano wanzeru umasintha zambiri mu blockchain kuti chiwerengero sichikupezekanso.

Pali mbali ziwiri za vuto la scalability ndi njira iyi. Choyamba, chiwerengero chachikulu cha zochitika pa sekondi iliyonse. Kachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe ingasungidwe pa blockchain.

Tiyeni tiwerenge movutikira. Booking.com akuti ali ndi mahotela pafupifupi 2 miliyoni omwe adalembetsedwa nawo. Tinene kuti hotelo yapakati ili ndi zipinda 10 ndipo chilichonse chimasungitsidwa ka 20 kokha pachaka - izi zimatipatsa avareji ya kusungitsa 13 pa sekondi iliyonse.

Kuti tiyike nambalayi, ndizofunika kudziwa kuti Ethereum ikhoza kukonza pafupifupi 15 malonda pamphindi.

Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti pulogalamu yathu idzakhalanso ndi zotuluka kuchokera ku mahotela - kutsitsa ndikusintha pafupipafupi zipinda zawo. Mahotela amasintha mitengo yazipinda pafupipafupi, nthawi zina ngakhale tsiku lililonse, ndipo kusintha kulikonse kwamitengo kapena kufotokozera kumafuna kugulitsa pa blockchain.

Palinso nkhani za kukula pano - kulemera kwa Ethereum blockchain posachedwapa kwadutsa chizindikiro cha 2TB. Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi kudzakhala kotchuka kwambiri, maukonde a Ethereum adzakhala osakhazikika kwambiri.

Dongosolo la blockchain lotereli limatha kuyika anthu akunja chifukwa cha kupanda tsankho komanso kusowa kwapakati, zabwino zazikulu zaukadaulo wa blockchain. Koma blockchain imakhalanso ndi zinthu zina - imagawidwa ndipo sinalembedwenso, izi ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri, koma muyenera kuwalipira pa liwiro ndi ntchito.

Chifukwa chake, opanga ma dapp ayenera kuwunika mosamala ngati gawo lililonse lomwe likugwiritsa ntchito blockchain likufunikadi kugawa komanso kusalemba.

Mwachitsanzo: ndi phindu lanji pogawa deta ya hotelo iliyonse pamakina mazana ambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndikusunga komweko kosatha? Kodi ndizofunikira kuti mbiri yakale pamitengo yazipinda ndi kupezeka nthawi zonse ikuphatikizidwa mu blockchain? Mwina ayi.

Tikayamba kufunsa mafunso ngati awa, tidzayamba kuona kuti sitifunikira zinthu zonse zodula za blockchain pazantchito zathu zonse. Ndiye, njira ina ndi iti?

Njira #2: Zomangamanga Zolimbikitsidwa ndi Blockstack

Ngakhale kutsindika kwakukulu Chokwanira pa mapulogalamu omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala eni ake a data (mwachitsanzo, monga Zolemba, BentenSound, Image Optimizer kapena Graphite), blockstack imakhalanso ndi filosofi yogwiritsira ntchito blockchain mopepuka-pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira. Mtsutso wawo waukulu ndi wakuti blockchain ndi yochedwa komanso yokwera mtengo, choncho iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika limodzi kapena zosawerengeka. Zina zonse zokhudzana ndi mapulogalamu ziyenera kuchitika kudzera mwa anzawo, i.e. ogwiritsa ntchito m'malo mogawana deta mwachindunji wina ndi mnzake, osati kudzera mu blockchain. Kupatula apo, mapulogalamu akale kwambiri komanso opambana kwambiri monga BitTorrent, imelo ndi Tor adapangidwa lingaliro la blockchain lisanakhale.

Kumanzere: Njira yoyamba, yomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amalumikizana kudzera pa blockchain. Kumanja: Ogwiritsa ntchito amalumikizana mwachindunji, ndipo blockchain imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikiritsa ndi zina zotero.

Tiyeni tibwerere ku chitsanzo chosungitsa mahotelo. Tikufuna ndondomeko yopanda tsankho, yodziyimira payokha komanso yotseguka yolumikizira alendo ndi mahotela. Mwanjira ina, tikufuna kuchotsa munthu wapakati. Sitifunika, mwachitsanzo, kusunga mitengo yazipinda nthawi zonse mu leja yogawa.

Bwanji osangolola alendo ndi mahotela kuti azilumikizana mwachindunji osati kudzera pa blockchain. Mahotela amatha kusunga mitengo yawo, kupezeka kwa zipinda ndi zidziwitso zina zilizonse kwinakwake komwe zitha kupezeka kwa aliyense - mwachitsanzo, IPFS, Amazon S3, kapena seva yawoyawo. Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa blockstack's decentralized storage system Gaia. Zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha komwe akufuna kuti deta yawo isungidwe ndikuwongolera omwe angayipeze kudzera munjira yotchedwa kusungirako anthu ambiri.

Kuti mukhazikitse chidaliro, zidziwitso zonse za hotelo zimasainidwa mwachinsinsi ndi hoteloyo yokha. Mosasamala kanthu komwe deta iyi imasungidwa, kukhulupirika kwake kungatsimikizidwe pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi a anthu onse okhudzana ndi chidziwitso cha hoteloyo yosungidwa pa blockchain.

Pankhani ya Blockstack, zidziwitso zanu zokha zimasungidwa pa blockchain. Zambiri za momwe mungapezere deta ya wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense zimasungidwa m'mafayilo a zone ndikugawidwa kudzera pa intaneti ya anzawo pogwiritsa ntchito node. Ndipo kamodzinso, simukusowa kudalira deta yomwe node imapereka, chifukwa mukhoza kutsimikizira kuti ndi yowona poyerekezera ndi ma hashes omwe amasungidwa mu blockchain ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ena.

M'njira yosavuta, alendo adzagwiritsa ntchito intaneti ya Blockstack peer-to-peer kuti afufuze mahotela ndikupeza zambiri za zipinda zawo. Ndipo zowona ndi kukhulupirika kwa data yonse yomwe mumalandira zitha kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi apagulu ndi ma hashi osungidwa pafupifupi dera Blockstack.

Zomangamangazi ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa njira yoyamba ndipo zimafuna zomangamanga zowonjezereka. M'malo mwake, apa ndipamene Blockstack imabwera, ndikupereka zigawo zonse zofunika kuti apange dongosolo lokhazikika.

Ndi zomangamanga, timangosunga deta pa blockchain yomwe imayenera kugawidwa osati kulembedwa. Pankhani ya Blockstack, mumangofunika zochitika pa blockchain kuti mulembetse ndikuwonetsa komwe deta yanu iyenera kusungidwa. Mungafunike kupanga zochulukirapo ngati mukufuna kusintha chilichonse mwazomwezi, koma izi sizochitika mobwerezabwereza.

Komanso, malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito, mosiyana ndi njira yoyamba, amayendera mbali ya kasitomala osati pamakontrakitala anzeru. Izi zimalola wopanga mapulogalamu kuti asinthe malingalirowa popanda zosintha zotsika mtengo kapena nthawi zina ngakhale zosatheka za makontrakitala anzeru. Ndipo posunga zidziwitso zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi malingaliro opanda unyolo, mapulogalamu okhazikika amatha kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito komanso kuchuluka kwa machitidwe apakati.

Pomaliza

Mapulogalamu omwe akuyenda pa Blockstack amatha kukhala bwino kwambiri kuposa mapulogalamu wamba a blockchain, koma ndi njira yaying'ono yokhala ndi zovuta zake komanso mafunso osayankhidwa.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati ntchito yokhazikitsidwa ndi boma silikuyenda pamakontrakitala anzeru, ndiye kuti izi zimachepetsa kufunika kwa ma tokeni. Izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto kwa mabizinesi poganizira kuti ma ICO akhala gwero lalikulu landalama zoyendetsera ntchito (kuphatikiza Blockstack yokha)

Palinso zovuta zamakono pano. Mwachitsanzo, ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa ntchito yosungitsa mahotelo mumgwirizano wanzeru, pomwe pochita ma atomiki, kusungitsa zipinda kumapangidwa posinthanitsa ndi ma tokeni. Ndipo sizodziwikiratu momwe kusungitsa kudzagwirira ntchito mu blockstack popanda makontrakitala anzeru.

Mapulogalamu omwe amayang'ana misika yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi kuthekera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mamiliyoni ambiri ayenera kukhala bwino kwambiri kuti achite bwino. Ndi kulakwitsa kudalira kokha blockchains kukwaniritsa mlingo uwu wa scalability posachedwapa. Kuti muthe kupikisana ndi osewera akulu amsika apakati monga Booking.com, opanga mapulogalamu omwe ali mgululi akuyenera kuganizira njira zina zopangira mapulogalamu awo, monga zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi Blockstack.

Source: www.habr.com