Zolinga omvera
Kodi ndinu wopanga mapulogalamu omwe mukuyang'ana kuti musinthe ntchito yanu ku mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa DevOps? Kodi ndinu injiniya wapamwamba wa Ops ndipo mukufuna kudziwa zomwe DevOps amatanthauza? Kapena simunakhalepo ndipo, mutatha nthawi yayitali mukugwira ntchito mu IT, mukufuna kusintha ntchito ndipo simukudziwa komwe mungayambire?
Ngati inde, pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe momwe mungakhalire mainjiniya apakati pa DevOps m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi! Pomaliza, ngati mwakhala mukuchita nawo DevOps kwa zaka zambiri, mupezabe zambiri munkhani ino kuti mudziwe komwe makampani ophatikiza ndi makina opangira makina ali pano komanso komwe akulowera.
Kodi zonsezi ndi chiyani?
Choyamba, kodi DevOps ndi chiyani? Mutha matanthauzo a Google ndikudutsa m'mawu onse, koma dziwani kuti matanthauzidwe ambiri ndi mawu ophatikizika omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owongolera. Choncho, ndikupatsani chidule cha matanthauzo onsewa: DevOps ndi njira yoperekera mapulogalamu omwe mutu ndi udindo zimagawidwa pakati pa onse okhudzidwa. Ndizomwezo.
Chabwino, koma chidule ichi chikutanthauza chiyani? Zikutanthauza kuti mwachizolowezi, Madivelopa (anthu omwe amapanga mapulogalamu) alimbikitsidwa kuti agwire ntchito yawo ndi zolimbikitsa zomwe zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi za Opaleshoni (anthu omwe amayendetsa mapulogalamu). Mwachitsanzo, monga wopanga, ndikufuna kupanga zatsopano zambiri mwachangu momwe ndingathere. Kupatula apo, iyi ndi ntchito yanga ndipo izi ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna! Komabe, ngati ndine munthu wa Ops, ndiye kuti ndikufunika zatsopano zochepa momwe ndingathere, chifukwa chatsopano chilichonse ndikusintha, ndipo kusintha kulikonse kumakhala ndi mavuto. Chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa zolimbikitsazi, DevOps idabadwa.
Ma DevOps amayesa kuphatikiza chitukuko ndi ntchito (zophatikiza ndi zodzichitira) kukhala gulu limodzi. Lingaliro ndiloti gulu limodzi lidzagawana zowawa ndi udindo (ndipo mwina mphotho) zomanga, kutumiza, ndi kupanga ndalama kuchokera ku mapulogalamu omwe amayang'ana makasitomala.
Oyeretsa adzakuuzani kuti palibe "injiniya wa DevOps." Iwo angakuuzeni kuti: "DevOps ndi chikhalidwe, osati udindo." Zoonadi, kuchokera ku luso lamakono iwo ali olondola, koma, monga momwe zilili. Nthawi zambiri, mawuwa achoka m'manja Kupitilira tanthauzo lake loyambirira, injiniya wa DevOps ali ngati "katswiri wamakina 2.0." Mwanjira ina, iye ndi munthu yemwe amamvetsetsa kayendedwe ka moyo wa mapulogalamu ndikupanga zida ndi njira zopangira mapulogalamu. kuthetsa mavuto akale ogwirira ntchito.
DevOps pamapeto pake amatanthawuza kupanga mapaipi a digito omwe amatenga ma code kuchokera pa laputopu ya wopanga ndikusandutsa ndalama kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito chomaliza, ndizomwe zimakhalira. Dziwani kuti kusankha ntchito ya DevOps kumalipidwa kwambiri ndi mphotho zandalama, pafupifupi kampani iliyonse "yochita DevOps" kapena kudzinenera kuti ndi imodzi. Mosasamala komwe makampaniwa ali, mwayi wantchito monga DevOps ndiwokwera kwambiri ndipo umapereka ntchito "zosangalatsa" komanso zopindulitsa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi.
Komabe, samalani ndi makampani omwe amalemba ntchito "gulu la DevOps" kapena "dipatimenti ya DevOps." Kunena zoona, zinthu zoterezi siziyenera kukhalapo, chifukwa pamapeto pake DevOps akadali chikhalidwe ndi njira yoperekera mapulogalamu, osagwira ntchito gulu latsopano kapena kupanga dipatimenti dzina lokongola.
Zotsutsa
Tsopano tiyeni tiyike kapu ya Kool-Aid pambali kwa kamphindi ndi kuganizira zotsatirazi. Kodi mudamvapo mwambi wakale "palibe mainjiniya a DevOps?" Ngati sichoncho, dziwani kuti iyi ndi trope yotchuka pa Reddit ndi StackOverflow. Koma zikutanthauza chiyani?
Mwachidule, mawuwa akutanthauza kuti zimatenga zaka zambiri zachidziwitso kuphatikiza ndi kumvetsetsa kolimba kwa zida kuti pamapeto pake mukhale akatswiri a Senior DevOps. Ndipo, mwatsoka, palibe njira yachidule yokwaniritsa cholingacho. Chifukwa chake uku sikuyesa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi - sindikuganiza kuti ndizotheka kudziyesa ngati injiniya wamkulu wa DevOps wokhala ndi miyezi ingapo yodziwa zambiri pantchitoyi. Kukwaniritsa kumvetsetsa kwamphamvu kwa zida ndi njira zomwe zikusintha mwachangu kumafuna zaka zambiri, ndipo palibe kuzizungulira. Komabe, pali mndandanda wa zida ndi malingaliro omwe makampani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ndizomwe tikhala tikulankhula.
Apanso, zida ndi zosiyana ndi luso, kotero pamene mukuphunzira zida, onetsetsani kuti simukunyalanyaza luso lanu (kufufuza, kugwirizanitsa, kulankhulana molemba, kuthetsa mavuto, etc.). Chofunika kwambiri, musaiwale zomwe tikufuna kupeza - njira yopangira mapaipi a digito omwe amatenga malingaliro ndikuwasandutsa ma code opangira ndalama. Awa ndiye mawu omaliza ofunika kwambiri m'nkhani yonseyi!
Macheza okwanira, ndingayambe liti?
Pansipa pali mapu a DevOps Fundamental Knowledge. Popeza mwadziwa zonse zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pamenepo, mutha kudzitcha kuti ndinu injiniya wa DevOps! Kapena injiniya wamtambo ngati simukonda dzina "DevOps".
Mapuwa akuyimira lingaliro langa (ndipo mwina anthu ambiri omwe akugwira ntchito pamalowa) pazomwe injiniya waluso wa DevOps ayenera kudziwa. Komabe, awa ndi malingaliro chabe, ndipo ndithudi padzakhala omwe sakugwirizana nawo. Izi nzabwino! Sitikukakamira ungwiro pano, tikuyesetsa kukhala ndi maziko olimba omwe tingamangepo.
Muyenera kudutsa njira iyi pang'onopang'ono, wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza. Tiyeni tiyambe (ndi kupitiriza!) ndi zoyambira poyamba kuphunzira za zinthu zabuluu-Linux, Python, ndi AWS. Ndiye, ngati nthawi kapena kufunikira kwa msika wa ntchito kumalola, chitani zinthu zofiirira - Golang ndi Google Cloud.
Moona mtima, gawo lofunikira pamwamba ndi chinthu chomwe muyenera kuphunzira mpaka kalekale. OS Linux ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimatenga zaka kuti zitheke. Python imafuna kuyeserera nthawi zonse kuti ikhalebe yaposachedwa. AWS ikukula mwachangu kotero kuti zomwe mukudziwa lero zingokhala gawo la chidziwitso chanu chonse chaka kuchokera pano. Mukaphunzira zoyambira, pitani ku luso lenileni. Chonde dziwani kuti pali mizati ya buluu ya 6 (Kukonzekera, Kumasulira, Kuyika, Kutumiza, Kuyambitsa, Kuwunika), kamodzi pamwezi wamaphunziro.
Inu, ndithudi, mwawona kusowa kwa gawo lofunikira mu payipi yathu ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi - kuyesa. Ine mwadala sindinayiphatikizepo mumsewu chifukwa kulemba gawo, kugwirizanitsa ndi kuvomereza mayesero sikophweka ndipo mwachizolowezi kumagwera pamapewa a omanga. Ndipo kudumpha gawo la "mayesero" akufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti cholinga cha misewu iyi ndikudziΕ΅a luso loyambira ndi zida mwamsanga. Kupanda chidziwitso choyesera, malinga ndi wolemba, ndi cholepheretsa chaching'ono kugwiritsa ntchito bwino DevOps.
Komanso, kumbukirani kuti sitikuphunzira kubwebweta kwaukadaulo kosagwirizana pano, koma kumvetsetsa zida zomwe zimasonkhana kuti apange nkhani yomveka bwino. Nkhaniyi ikukhudza malekezero mpaka kumapeto -mzere wolumikizira wa digito womwe umayenda pang'onopang'ono ngati chingwe cholumikizira. Simukufuna kuphunzira zida zambiri ndikuyimitsa! Zida za DevOps zimasintha mwachangu, koma malingaliro amasintha pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida ngati ma proxies ophunzitsira pamalingaliro apamwamba.
Chabwino, tiyeni tikumbe mozama pang'ono!
Chidziwitso chofunikira
Pansi pa sitepe yapamwamba yomwe imati Foundation, mutha kuwona maluso omwe injiniya aliyense wa DevOps amayenera kuchita bwino. Maluso awa ndikugwira ntchito molimba mtima pazipilala zitatu zamakampani, zomwe ndi: makina ogwiritsira ntchito, chilankhulo cha pulogalamu komanso mtambo wapagulu. Zinthu izi sizomwe mungaphunzire mwachangu ndikupitilira. Maluso awa amafunika kuwongolera nthawi zonse ndikuphunzitsidwa bwino kuti mukhale patsogolo pamakampani komanso okhudzana ndi malo omwe ali ndi akatswiri akuzungulirani. Tiyeni tidutsemo mmodzimmodzi.
Linux ndi pomwe zonse zimagwira ntchito. Kodi mungakhale katswiri wodabwitsa wa DevOps mutakhalabe mkati mwa Microsoft ecosystem? Zedi mungathe! Palibe lamulo lomwe limalamula kuti mugwiritse ntchito Linux yokha. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti ngakhale zinthu zonse za Linux zitha kuchitika mu Windows, zimachitika mopweteka kwambiri komanso osagwira ntchito pang'ono. Pakadali pano, ndibwino kuganiza kuti popanda kudziwa Linux, ndizosatheka kukhala katswiri weniweni wa DevOps, kotero Linux ndichinthu chomwe muyenera kuphunzira ndi kuphunzira.
Moona mtima, njira yabwino yochitira izi ndikungoyika Linux (Fedora kapena Ubuntu) kunyumba ndikuigwiritsa ntchito momwe mungathere. Zachidziwikire, mudzaphwanya zinthu zambiri, mudzakakamira pantchito, muyenera kukonza chilichonse, koma mudzaphunzira Linux!
Mwa njira, mitundu ya RedHat ndiyofala kwambiri ku North America, kotero ndizomveka kuyamba ndi Fedora kapena CentOS. Ngati mukuganiza ngati muyenera kugula KDE kapena Gnome edition, sankhani KDE. Izi ndi zomwe Linus Torvalds mwiniwake amagwiritsa ntchito.
Python ndiye chilankhulo chodziwika bwino chakumbuyo masiku ano. Ndiosavuta kuyambitsa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Python ndiyofala kwambiri pankhani yanzeru zopanga komanso kuphunzira pamakina, kotero ngati mungafune kupita kumunda wina wotentha, mudzakhala okonzeka kwathunthu.
Amazon Web Services: Apanso, ndizosatheka kukhala katswiri wazaka za DevOps popanda kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mtambo wa anthu umagwirira ntchito. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za izi, yang'anani mu Amazon Web Services. Ndiwosewera wotsogola pantchito imeneyi ndipo amapereka zida zogwirira ntchito zolemera kwambiri.
Kodi ndizotheka kuyamba ndi Google Cloud kapena Azure m'malo mwake? Ndithudi mungathe! Koma kukumbukira mavuto otsiriza azachuma, ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti AWS ndiyo njira yotetezeka kwambiri, osachepera mu 2018, chifukwa imakulolani kulembetsa akaunti kwaulere ndikuyamba kufufuza mwayi wa mautumiki amtambo. Kuphatikiza apo, AWS console imapatsa wogwiritsa ntchito menyu yosavuta komanso yomveka kuti asankhe. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti simuyenera kudziwa ukadaulo wonse wa Amazon kuti muchite izi.
Yambani ndi zotsatirazi: VPC, EC2, IAM, S3, CloudWatch, ELB (Elastic Load Balancing pansi pa ambulera ya EC2) ndi Security Group. Zinthu izi ndizokwanira kuti muyambitse, ndipo bizinesi iliyonse yamakono yozikidwa pamtambo imagwiritsa ntchito zidazi mwachangu. Malo ophunzitsira a AWS ndi malo abwino oyambira.
Ndikupangira kuti mumathera mphindi 20-30 tsiku lililonse kuphunzira ndikuyeserera ndi chilankhulo cha Python, makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux, ndi ntchito yamtambo ya AWS kuphatikiza pazinthu zina zomwe muyenera kuphunzira. Ponseponse, ndikukhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ola limodzi patsiku, kasanu pa sabata ndikokwanira kumvetsetsa zamakampani a DevOps m'miyezi ya 6 kapena kuchepera. Pali zigawo zikuluzikulu za 6, zomwe zimafanana ndi mwezi wa maphunziro. Ndizo zonse zomwe mukufunikira kuti mudziwe zambiri.
M'nkhani zotsatirazi, tiwona gawo lotsatira la zovuta: momwe mungasinthire makonzedwe, kusintha, kuyika, kutumiza, kuyendetsa ndi kuyang'anira mapulogalamu.
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