Moni! Dzina langa ndine Dmitry Pavlov, ndimagwira ntchito , komanso ndine wodzipereka komanso wochita nawo PMC ku Apache Ignite komanso wothandizira mu Apache Training. Posachedwa ndidapereka ulaliki wokhudza ntchito ya ochita pa msonkhano wa Sberbank Open source. Ndi chitukuko cha gulu la opensource, mafunso ambiri adayamba kuwuka: momwe angakhalire odzipereka, ntchito ziti zomwe muyenera kuchita, ndi mizere ingati ya code yomwe iyenera kulembedwa kuti mupeze ntchitoyi. Tikaganizira za ochita, nthawi yomweyo timaganizira anthu amphamvu zonse komanso odziwa zonse omwe ali ndi korona pamutu pawo komanso buku la "Clean Code" m'malo mwa ndodo. Ndi choncho? Mu positi yanga, ndiyesetsa kuyankha mafunso onse ofunikira okhudza odzipereka kuti mumvetsetse ngati mukuzifunadi.
Onse obwera kumene ku gulu la opensource ali ndi malingaliro oti sadzakhala odzipereka. Kupatula apo, kwa ambiri, iyi ndi gawo lodziwika bwino lomwe lingapezeke mwapadera polemba matani a code. Koma sizophweka. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa odzipereka pamalingaliro a anthu ammudzi.
Ndani amene amadzipereka ndipo chifukwa chiyani wina amafunikira?
Tikapanga chinthu chatsopano chotsegula, nthawi zonse timalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndikuchifufuza, komanso kusintha ndi kugawa makope osinthidwa. Koma pamene kugawidwa kosalamulirika kwa makope a mapulogalamu ndi kusintha kumachitika, sitilandira zopereka ku maziko akuluakulu a code ndipo polojekitiyo siikula. Apa ndi pamene woperekayo akufunika, yemwe ali ndi ufulu wosonkhanitsa zopereka za ogwiritsa ntchito polojekitiyi.
Chifukwa chiyani kukhala wodzipereka?
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti kuchita ndi kuphatikiza kwa pitilizani, ndi oyamba m'munda wa mapulogalamu ndi kuphatikiza zazikulu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pofunsira ntchito amafunsa zitsanzo code.
Ubwino wachiwiri wosakayikitsa wakudzipereka ndi mwayi wolankhulana ndi akatswiri apamwamba ndikukokera malingaliro abwino kuchokera kugwero lotseguka kupita ku polojekiti yanu. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukudziwa chinthu china chotseguka bwino, mutha kupeza ntchito kukampani yomwe imathandizira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito. Palinso lingaliro loti ngati simutenga nawo gawo pazotseguka, simudzafika pamaudindo apamwamba.
Kuphatikiza pa mapindu okhudza ntchito ndi ntchito, kudzipereka pakokha kumasangalatsa. Mumadziwika ndi gulu la akatswiri, mukuwona bwino zotsatira za ntchito yanu. Osati monga mu chitukuko china chamakampani, pomwe nthawi zina simumvetsetsa chifukwa chomwe mukusunthira mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo mu XML.
M'madera otseguka mutha kukumana ndi akatswiri apamwamba ngati Linus Torvalds. Koma ngati simuli choncho, musaganize kuti palibe choti muchite kumeneko - pali ntchito zamagulu osiyanasiyana.
Chabwino, palinso mabonasi owonjezera: Apache commiters, mwachitsanzo, amalandira chilolezo chaulere cha IntelliJ Idea Ultimate (ngakhale ndi zoletsa zina).
Zoyenera kuchita kuti ukhale wodzipereka?
Ndi zophweka - muyenera kungodzipereka.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti palibe ntchito zanu pama projekiti, mukulakwitsa. Ingolowani mdera lomwe limakusangalatsani ndikuchita zomwe likufuna. Apache Software Foundation ili ndi zosiyana ndi zofunika kwa odzipereka.
Ndi mavuto ati amene mukuyenera kuwathetsa?
Zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku chitukuko mpaka kulemba mayeso ndi zolemba. Inde, inde, zopereka za oyesa ndi zolemba m'deralo zimayamikiridwa mofanana ndi zopereka za omanga. Pali ntchito zosagwirizana - mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa njira ya YouTube ndikuwuza ogwiritsa ntchito ena momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito chinthu chotseguka. Mwachitsanzo, Apache Software Foundation ili ndi yosiyana , pamene zisonyezedwa chithandizo chimene chikufunika.
Kodi ndifunika kulemba chinthu chachikulu kuti ndikhale wodzipereka?
Ayi. Izi sizofunikira konse. Woperekayo sayenera kulemba matani a code. Koma ngati munalemba chinthu chachikulu, zimakhala zosavuta kuti komiti yoyang'anira polojekiti ikuyeseni. Kuthandizira pagulu sikungokhudza mawonekedwe, mapulogalamu, ndi kuyesa. Ngati mulemba kalata ndikulankhula za vuto, perekani yankho lolingalira - izi ndizothandizira.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kudzipereka kumakhudza kudalira. Kaya kukupangani kukhala wodzipereka kapena ayi kumasankhidwa ndi anthu ngati inu kutengera malingaliro awo pa inu ngati munthu yemwe amabweretsa phindu pazogulitsa. Chifukwa chake, inu, kudzera muzochita zanu ndi zochita zanu mdera lanu, muyenera kupeza chidaliro chomwecho.
Kukhala ndi khalidwe?
Khalani olimbikitsa, abwino, aulemu komanso oleza mtima. Kumbukirani kuti pamalo otseguka aliyense ndi wodzipereka ndipo palibe amene ali ndi ngongole kwa wina aliyense. Sakuyankhani - dikirani ndikukumbutsani za funso lanu m'masiku 3-4. Samakuyankhani nthawi zonse - chabwino, gwero lotseguka ndi lodzifunira.
Osapempha wina kuti akuchitireni chinachake kapena inu. Anthu odziwa zambiri amakhala ndi chizoloΕ΅ezi cha "opempha" oterowo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala osagwirizana ndi omwe akufuna kukankhira ntchito yawo kwa iwo.
Ngati mutalandira chithandizo, ndibwino, koma musachigwiritse ntchito molakwika. Simuyenera kulemba: "Anyamata, konzani izi, apo ayi ndikutaya bonasi yanga yapachaka." Ndi bwino kufunsa komwe muyenera kupitanso, ndikutiuza zomwe mwafukula kale pankhaniyi. Ndipo ngati mulonjeza kuti mudzasintha wiki potengera zotsatira za kuthetsa vutoli, ndiye kuti mwayi woti akuyankheni udzawonjezeka kwambiri.
Pomaliza, werengani ndi kuphunzira .
Kodi mungapereke bwanji ngati simuli wodzipereka?
Ma projekiti nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chiwembu cha RTC, pomwe chilichonse chimayamba ndikuwunikiridwa, kenako zosinthazo zimaphatikizidwa kukhala mbuye. Ndi chiwembu ichi, aliyense amawunikidwa, ngakhale odzipereka. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuthandizira pantchito popanda kukhala wodzipereka. Ndipo kuti zikhale zosavuta kusankhidwa kukhala odzipereka atsopano, mutha kulangiza otenga nawo mbali atsopano, kugawana nzeru, ndikupanga zida zatsopano.
Kusiyanasiyana - phindu kapena kuvulaza?
Kusiyanasiyana - pakumvetsetsa kwa Apache Software Foundation, izi, mwa zina, ndi mgwirizano wa omwe atenga nawo gawo pantchito yotseguka ndi makampani angapo. Ngati aliyense akugwirizana ndi bungwe limodzi lokha, ndiye kuti ndi kutaya chidwi mu polojekitiyi, onse omwe akugwira nawo ntchito amathawa mwamsanga. Kusiyanasiyana kumapereka projekiti yanthawi yayitali, yokhazikika, zochitika zosiyanasiyana komanso malingaliro osiyanasiyana a omwe akutenga nawo mbali.
Kukonda kapena kufuna kusangalatsa?
M'mapulojekiti otseguka pali mitundu iwiri ya anthu: omwe amagwira ntchito m'bungwe lomwe limathandizira pa mankhwalawa, ndi omwe amagwira ntchito pano chifukwa cha chikondi, ndiko kuti, odzipereka. Ndi iti yomwe imapindulitsa kwambiri? Nthawi zambiri, otenga nawo mbali omwe amathandizira malonda kuchokera ku bungwe lomwe limapereka. Amangokhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo komanso chilimbikitso chomveka chofikira pansi pachowonadi, amayang'ana kwambiri ntchitoyo komanso kuyandikira kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Omwe amachita "chifukwa cha chikondi" amalimbikitsidwanso, koma mwanjira ina - amafunitsitsa kuphunzira ntchitoyi, kupanga dziko lapansi kukhala malo abwino. Ndipo ndi otenga nawo mbali omwe ali okhazikika komanso okhazikika kwanthawi yayitali, chifukwa omwe adabwera kumudzi mwakufuna kwawo sangathe kusiya tsiku limodzi.
Kodi kupeza bwino pakati pa zokolola ndi bata? Pali njira ziwiri. Njira yoyamba: pamene wogwira nawo ntchito akugwira ntchito ku kampani yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi polojekitiyi, ndipo imachita zina mwa izo, chifukwa cha zofuna zake - mwachitsanzo, kuthandiza obwera kumene. Njira yachiwiri ndi kampani yomwe yasintha poyera. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito pa ntchito yaikulu yamalonda masiku anayi pa sabata, ndipo nthawi yotsalayo amagwira ntchito poyera.
Wodzipereka - kukhala kapena kusakhala?
Kudzipereka ndi mutu wabwino komanso wothandiza, koma simuyenera kuyesetsa kuti mukhale odzipereka. Udindowu siudindo wotengera ma code ndipo suwonetsa chidziwitso chanu. Chinthu chokha chomwe chili chofunikira ndi ukatswiri, ndiko kuti, chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso chomwe mumapeza powerenga pulojekitiyi, kuyang'ana momwemo ndikuthandizira ena kuthetsa mavuto.
Source: www.habr.com