Momwe mungasamalire zoyenda mu Digital Substation LAN?

Digital Substation ndizomwe zikuchitika pagawo lamagetsi. Ngati muli pafupi ndi mutuwo, ndiye kuti mwina mwamvapo kuti kuchuluka kwa deta kumafalitsidwa ngati mitsinje yambirimbiri. Koma kodi mukudziwa momwe mungasamalire ma multicast awa? Ndi zida zotani zoyendetsera ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito? Kodi zolembedwa zamalamulo zimalangiza chiyani?

Aliyense amene akufuna kumvetsetsa mutuwu ndiwolandiridwa kwa mphaka!

Kodi deta imafalitsidwa bwanji pa netiweki komanso chifukwa chiyani mumayendetsa ma multicast?

Ndisanasamukire molunjika ku Digital Substation ndi ma nuances omanga LAN, ndimapereka pulogalamu yachidule yophunzitsira pamitundu yakusamutsa deta ndi ma protocol otumizirana ma data pogwira ntchito ndi ma multicast mitsinje. Tinabisa pulogalamu ya maphunziro ndi wowononga.

Mitundu yotengera deta
Mitundu yamagalimoto pa LAN

Pali mitundu inayi yosamutsa deta:

• Kuwulutsa - kuwulutsa.
• Unicast - mauthenga pakati pa zida ziwiri.
• Multicast - kutumiza mauthenga ku gulu linalake la zipangizo.
• Unknown Unicast - kuwulutsa ndi cholinga chopeza chida chimodzi.

Kuti tisasokoneze makhadi, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule mitundu itatu ya kufalitsa deta tisanapite ku multicast.

Choyamba, tiyeni tikumbukire kuti mkati mwa LAN, kulumikizana pakati pazida kumachitika potengera ma adilesi a MAC. Uthenga uliwonse womwe watumizidwa uli ndi magawo a SRC MAC ndi DST MAC.

SRC MAC - gwero la MAC - wotumiza adilesi ya MAC.

DST MAC - kopita MAC - adilesi ya MAC yolandila.

Kusinthaku kumatumiza mauthenga kutengera magawo awa. Imayang'ana DST MAC, imaipeza patebulo la adilesi ya MAC, ndikutumiza uthenga kudoko lomwe lili patebulo. Amayang'ananso SRC MAC. Ngati palibe adilesi ya MAC yotere patebulo, ndiye kuti "MAC adilesi - doko" yatsopano imawonjezedwa.

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane za mitundu kusamutsa deta.

Unicast

Unicast ndiye njira yotumizira mauthenga pakati pa zida ziwiri. M'malo mwake, uku ndikutumiza kwa data. M'mawu ena, zida ziwiri nthawi zonse ntchito Unicast kulankhulana.

Kutumiza kwa magalimoto a Unicast

Kuwulutsa

Kuwulutsa ndi uthenga wowulutsa. Iwo. kuwulutsa, pamene chipangizo chimodzi chimatumiza uthenga ku zipangizo zina zonse pa netiweki.

Kutumiza uthenga wowulutsa, wotumizayo amatchula adilesi ya DST MAC FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF.

Kufalitsa kwa magalimoto pamsewu

Unicast wosadziwika

Unicast yosadziwika, poyang'ana koyamba, ndiyofanana kwambiri ndi Broadcast. Koma pali kusiyana pakati pawo - uthengawo umatumizidwa kwa onse omwe ali nawo pa intaneti, koma cholinga chake ndi chipangizo chimodzi chokha. Zili ngati uthenga wopezeka m’malo ogulitsira zinthu akukupemphani kuti muyimitsenso galimoto yanu. Aliyense adzamva uthenga uwu, koma mmodzi yekha ndi amene adzayankhe.

Chosinthiracho chikalandira chimango ndipo sichingapeze Destination MAC kuchokera pa tebulo la adilesi ya MAC, chimangofalitsa uthengawu kumadoko onse kupatula omwe adachilandira. Chipangizo chimodzi chokha ndi chomwe chingayankhe pamakalata oterowo.

Kutumiza kwa magalimoto osadziwika a Unicast

Multicast

Multicast ndikutumiza uthenga ku gulu la zida zomwe "zikufuna" kulandira izi. Ndizofanana kwambiri ndi webinar. Imafalitsidwa pa intaneti yonse, koma ndi anthu okhawo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mutuwu omwe amalumikizana nawo.

Njira yosinthira detayi imatchedwa "Publisher - Subscriber". Pali Wofalitsa mmodzi yemwe amatumiza deta ndi Olembetsa omwe akufuna kulandira deta iyi amalembetsa.

Ndi kuwulutsa kwa ma multicast, uthenga umatumizidwa kuchokera ku chipangizo chenicheni. Gwero la MAC mu chimango ndi MAC ya wotumiza. Koma Destination MAC ndi adilesi yeniyeni.

Chipangizocho chiyenera kugwirizanitsa ndi gulu kuti chilandire deta kuchokera kwa icho. Kusinthaku kumawongolera zomwe zikuyenda pakati pazida - zimakumbukira kuti ndi madoko ati omwe deta imatumizidwa ndipo imadziwa kuti ndi madoko ati zomwe detayi iyenera kutumizidwa.

Kutumiza kwa Multicast traffic

Chofunikira ndichakuti ma adilesi a IP amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magulu enieni, koma popeza ... Popeza nkhaniyi ikunena za mphamvu, tikambirana za ma adilesi a MAC. M'banja la IEC 61850 la ma protocol omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Digital Substation, kugawidwa m'magulu kumatengera ma adilesi a MAC.

Pulogalamu yachidule yophunzitsa za adilesi ya MAC

Adilesi ya MAC ndi mtengo wa 48-bit womwe umazindikiritsa chipangizo mwapadera. Amagawidwa mu 6 octets. Octets atatu oyambirira ali ndi chidziwitso cha opanga. Octets 4, 5 ndi 6 amaperekedwa ndi wopanga ndipo ndi nambala ya chipangizocho.

Kapangidwe ka adilesi ya MAC

Mu octet yoyamba, gawo lachisanu ndi chitatu limatsimikizira ngati uthengawo ndi wa unicast kapena multicast. Ngati gawo lachisanu ndi chitatu ndi 0, ndiye kuti adilesi ya MAC iyi ndi adilesi ya chipangizo chenicheni.

Ndipo ngati gawo lachisanu ndi chitatu ndi 1, ndiye kuti adilesi ya MAC iyi ndi yeniyeni. Ndiko kuti, adilesi iyi ya MAC si ya chipangizo chenicheni, koma ndi gulu lenileni.

Gulu lenileni likhoza kuyerekezedwa ndi nsanja yowulutsira. Kampani ya wailesiyi imaulutsa nyimbo zina pansanja imeneyi, ndipo amene akufuna kumvetsera nyimbozo amamvetsera nyimbo zimene akufuna.

Komanso, mwachitsanzo, kamera ya kanema ya IP imatumiza deta ku gulu lenileni, ndipo zipangizo zomwe zikufuna kulandira detayi zimagwirizanitsa ndi gululi.

Gawo lachisanu ndi chitatu la octet yoyamba ya adilesi ya MAC

Ngati kuthandizira kwa ma multicast sikunayatsidwa pa switch, ndiye kuti iwona kuwulutsa kwa ma multicast ngati kuwulutsa. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali zotuluka zambiri zotere, tidzatsekereza maukonde mwachangu ndi magalimoto "opanda pake".

Kodi tanthauzo la multicast ndi chiyani?

Lingaliro lalikulu la multicast ndikuti kopi imodzi yokha yamagalimoto imatumizidwa kuchokera ku chipangizocho. Kusinthaku kumatsimikizira madoko omwe olembetsa ali nawo ndikutumiza deta kuchokera kwa wotumiza kupita kwa iwo. Chifukwa chake, ma multicast amakulolani kuti muchepetse kwambiri deta yomwe imafalitsidwa kudzera pa intaneti.

Kodi izi zimagwira ntchito bwanji pa LAN yeniyeni?

Zikuwonekeratu kuti sikokwanira kungotumiza kopi imodzi ya magalimoto ku adiresi ina ya MAC yomwe gawo lachisanu ndi chitatu la octet yoyamba ndi 1. Olembetsa ayenera kugwirizanitsa ndi gulu ili. Ndipo masinthidwe amayenera kumvetsetsa komwe madoko amachokera komanso ndi madoko omwe akuyenera kutumizidwa. Pokhapokha pomwe ma multicast apangitsa kuti zitheke kukhathamiritsa maukonde ndikuwongolera mayendedwe.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito izi, pali ma protocol ambiri. Zodziwika kwambiri:

• IGMP.
• PIM.

M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana tangentially za ambiri ntchito mfundo za ma protocol.

IGMP

Chosinthira chothandizira IGMP chimakumbukira doko lomwe mtsinje wa multicast umafika. Olembetsa ayenera kutumiza uthenga wa IMGP Join kuti alowe mgululi. Kusinthaku kumawonjezera doko lomwe IGMP Join idabwera pamndandanda wazolowera kumunsi ndikuyamba kutumiza mtsinje wa multicast pamenepo. Kusintha kumatumiza mauthenga a IGMP Query mosalekeza kumadoko akumunsi kuti awone ngati akufunika kupitiliza kutumiza deta. Ngati uthenga wa IGMP Chotsani udalandiridwa kuchokera padoko kapena palibe yankho ku uthenga wa IGMP Query, ndiye kuti kuyimitsidwa kumayimitsidwa.

PIM

Protocol ya PIM ili ndi njira ziwiri:

• PIM DM.
• Chithunzi cha PIM SM.

Protocol ya PIM DM imagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi IGMP. Kusinthaku kumatumiza mtsinje wa multicast ngati kuwulutsa kumadoko onse kupatula komwe adalandilidwa. Kenako imalepheretsa kuyenda kwa madoko omwe mauthenga adachokera kuti sanali ofunikira.

PIM SM imagwira ntchito pafupi ndi IGMP.

Kuti mufotokoze mwachidule mfundo zonse zoyendetsera ntchito zambiri - Wofalitsa amatumiza mtsinje wa multicast ku gulu linalake la MAC, olembetsa amatumiza zopempha kuti agwirizane ndi gululi, masinthidwe amayendetsa mitsinje iyi.

Chifukwa chiyani tidapita ku ma multicast mwachiphamaso kwambiri? Tiyeni tikambirane za Digital Substation LAN kuti timvetse izi.

Kodi Digital Substation ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani ma multicast amafunikira pamenepo?

Musanalankhule za Digital Substation LAN, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti Digital Substation ndi chiyani. Kenako yankhani mafunso:

• Ndani amene akukhudzidwa ndi kusamutsa deta?
• Ndi data iti yomwe imasamutsidwa ku LAN?
• Kodi mamangidwe amtundu wa LAN ndi chiyani?

Ndipo zitatha izi kambiranani za multicast ...

Kodi Digital Substation ndi chiyani?

Digital Substation ndi kagawo kakang'ono komwe makina onse amakhala ndi mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi. Zida zonse zachiwiri ndi zoyambirira za substation yotere zimayang'ana kwambiri kufalitsa deta ya digito. Kusinthana kwa data kumapangidwa motsatira njira zotumizira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu IEC 61850 standard.

Chifukwa chake, deta yonse imafalitsidwa ndi digito apa:

• Miyeso.
• Zambiri za matenda.
• Kulamulira malamulo.

Izi zalandira chitukuko chachikulu mu gawo la mphamvu zaku Russia ndipo tsopano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse. Mu 2019 ndi 2020, zikalata zambiri zowongolera zidawoneka zowongolera kupangidwa kwa Digital Substation pamagawo onse a chitukuko. Mwachitsanzo, STO 34.01-21-004-2019 PJSC "Rosseti" imatanthawuza tanthauzo ndi njira zotsatsira chapakati:

Tanthauzo:

Digital substation ndi kagawo kakang'ono kokhala ndi zidziwitso za digito ndi makina owongolera omwe amalumikizana munthawi imodzi ndikugwira ntchito popanda kukhala ndi anthu okhazikika.

Zofuna:

• kuyang'ana kutali kwa magawo ndi njira zogwirira ntchito za zida ndi machitidwe ofunikira kuti azigwira bwino ntchito popanda kukhalapo nthawi zonse ndi ogwira ntchito yosamalira;
• kupereka telecontrol pazida ndi machitidwe opangira ma substation popanda kukhalapo kosalekeza kwa ogwira ntchito ndi kukonza;
• mkulu mlingo wa automation wa zipangizo ndi kasamalidwe kachitidwe pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe anzeru kulamulira kwa njira ntchito zipangizo ndi machitidwe;
• kuwongolera kutali kwa njira zonse zaukadaulo munthawi imodzi;
• kusinthanitsa kwa digito pakati pa machitidwe onse aukadaulo mumtundu umodzi;
• kuphatikizika mu network yamagetsi ndi kasamalidwe ka bizinesi, komanso kuwonetsetsa kulumikizana kwa digito ndi mabungwe okhudzana ndi zomangamanga (okhala ndi zida zofananira);
• chitetezo chogwira ntchito ndi chidziwitso panthawi ya digito ya njira zamakono;
• kuwunika mosalekeza mkhalidwe wa zida zazikulu zaumisiri ndi machitidwe pa intaneti ndi kufalitsa kuchuluka kofunikira kwa data ya digito, magawo oyendetsedwa ndi ma sign.

Ndani amene akukhudzidwa ndi kusamutsa deta?

Digital Substation ili ndi machitidwe awa:

• Machitidwe a chitetezo cha relay. Chitetezo cha relay ndi "mtima" wa Digital Substation. Malo otetezedwa a relay amatenga mayendedwe aposachedwa komanso ma voltage kuchokera pamakina oyezera. Kutengera deta iyi, ma terminals amapanga malingaliro oteteza mkati. Ma terminal amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake kuti atumize zidziwitso zachitetezo chokhazikitsidwa, malo osinthira zida, ndi zina zambiri. Ma terminal amatumizanso zidziwitso za zochitika zomwe zachitika ku seva ya ICS. Pazonse, mitundu ingapo yolumikizirana ingasiyanitsidwe:
  ▸Kulumikizana kopingasa - kulumikizana pakati pa ma terminals.
  ▸Kulumikizana koyima - kulumikizana ndi seva yodziyimira payokha.
  ▸Miyeso - kulumikizana ndi zida zoyezera.

• Njira zoyezera magetsi zamalonda.Ma metering system amalumikizana ndi zida zoyezera.

• Dispatch control systems.Deta yapang'ono iyenera kutumizidwa kuchokera ku seva yodziyimira payokha komanso kuchokera ku seva yowerengera ndalama kupita kumalo owongolera.

Uwu ndi mndandanda wosavuta wamakina omwe amasinthanitsa data ngati gawo la Digital Substation. Ngati mukufuna kuzama mozama pamutuwu, lembani mu ndemanga.
Tikuwuzani izi mosiyana 😉

Ndi data iti yomwe imasamutsidwa ku LAN?

Kuphatikizira machitidwe omwe akufotokozedwa ndi wina ndi mzake ndikukonzekera kulankhulana kopingasa ndi kuima, komanso kusamutsidwa kwa miyeso, mabasi amapangidwa. Pakadali pano, tiyeni tivomereze kuti basi iliyonse ndi LAN yosiyana pama switch a Ethernet.

Chojambula cha block cha malo opangira magetsi molingana ndi IEC 61850

Chithunzi cha block chikuwonetsa matayala:

• Kuyang'anira/Kulamulira.
• Kutumiza kwa zizindikiro zachitetezo cha relay.
• Kutumiza kwa ma voltages ndi mafunde nthawi yomweyo.

Malo olumikizirana chitetezo amatenga nawo mbali pazolumikizana zopingasa komanso zoyima komanso amagwiritsa ntchito miyeso, motero amalumikizidwa ndi mabasi onse.

Kudzera mu basi ya "Transmission of relay protection sign", ma terminals amatumiza zidziwitso pakati pawo. Iwo. apa kulumikizana kopingasa kumayendetsedwa.

Kutumiza kwa miyeso kumayendetsedwa ndi mabasi a "Transmission of instantaneous values ​​of voltages and currents". Zida zoyezera - zosinthira zamakono ndi ma voltage, komanso ma terminals otetezedwa - zimalumikizidwa ndi basi iyi.

Komanso, seva ya ASKUE imalumikizidwa ndi basi ya "Transmission of instant values ​​​​voltages and currents", yomwe imatengeranso miyeso yowerengera.

Ndipo basi ya "Monitoring/Control" imakhala yolumikizana molunjika. Iwo. kupyolera mu izo, ma terminals amatumiza zochitika zosiyanasiyana ku seva ya ICS, ndipo seva imatumizanso malamulo olamulira kumaterminals.

Kuchokera pa seva yodziyimira payokha yoyendetsera, deta imatumizidwa ku malo owongolera.

Kodi mamangidwe amtundu wa LAN ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni tichoke pa chithunzi chodziwika bwino komanso chodziwika bwino kupita kuzinthu zamba komanso zenizeni.

Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa kamangidwe koyenera ka LAN ka Digital Substation.

Digital Substation Architecture

Pazigawo za 6 kV kapena 35 kV, maukonde adzakhala osavuta, koma ngati tikukamba za 110 kV, 220 kV ndi apamwamba, komanso LAN ya magetsi, ndiye kuti zomangamanga zidzagwirizana ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa.

Zomangamanga zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• Mulingo wa station/substation.
• Lowani mulingo.
• Njira mlingo.

Mulingo wa station/substation zikuphatikizapo zogwirira ntchito ndi ma seva.

Lowani mulingo zikuphatikizapo zipangizo zonse zamakono.

Njira mlingo zikuphatikizapo zida zoyezera.

Palinso mabasi awiri ophatikiza milingo:

• Basi ya station/substation.
• Njira basi.

Basi ya station/substation imaphatikiza ntchito za basi ya "Monitoring/Control" ndi basi ya "Relay Protection Signal Transmission". Ndipo basi yoyendetsera ntchito imagwira ntchito za basi "Transmission of instantaneous voltage and current values".

Mawonekedwe a Multicast kufala mu Digital Substation

Ndi data iti yomwe imafalitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma multicast?

Kuyankhulana kopingasa ndi kutumiza miyeso mkati mwa Digital Substation kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga za Publisher-Subscriber. Iwo. Malo otetezedwa ndi ma relay amagwiritsa ntchito mitsinje yambiri kuti atumize mauthenga pakati pawo, ndipo miyeso imafalitsidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito ma multicast.

Pamaso pa digito gawo lamagetsi mu gawo lamagetsi, kulumikizana kopingasa kunakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa point-to-point pakati pa ma terminal. Kaya chingwe chamkuwa kapena chowonekera chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe. Deta idatumizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma proprietary protocol.

Zofuna zapamwamba kwambiri zidayikidwa pa kulumikizana uku, chifukwa mayendedwe awa amatumiza zidziwitso zoyambitsa chitetezo, malo osinthira zida, ndi zina. Ma algorithm oletsa kutsekeka kwa ma terminals adatengera chidziwitso ichi.

Ngati deta imafalitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kapena osatsimikizika, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti imodzi mwa ma terminals sadzalandira zidziwitso zaposachedwa za momwe zinthu zilili pano ndipo zitha kutumiza chizindikiro kuti zizimitse kapena kuyatsa chosinthira, mwachitsanzo. , ntchito ina ikuchitika pa izo. Kapena kulephera kwa breaker sikungagwire ntchito munthawi yake ndipo dera lalifupi lidzafalikira kudera lonse lamagetsi. Zonsezi zimadzaza ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma komanso kuwopseza moyo wa munthu.

Chifukwa chake, datayo idayenera kuperekedwa:

• Wodalirika.
• Zotsimikizika.
• Mofulumira.

Tsopano, m'malo molumikizana ndi mfundo, basi ya station/substation imagwiritsidwa ntchito, i.e. LAN. Ndipo deta imafalitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito GOOSE protocol, yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi IEC 61850 standard (mu IEC 61850-8-1, kuti ikhale yolondola kwambiri).

GOOSE imayimira General Object Oriented Substation Event, koma kumasulira uku sikulinso koyenera ndipo sikunyamula katundu wa semantic.

Monga gawo la protocol iyi, ma terminals otetezedwa otumizirana mauthenga amasinthanitsa mauthenga a GOOSE wina ndi mnzake.

Kusintha kochokera ku mfundo kupita ku LAN sikunasinthe njira. Deta ikufunikabe kufalitsidwa modalirika, motetezeka komanso mwachangu. Choncho, mauthenga a GOOSE amagwiritsa ntchito njira yachilendo yotumizira deta. Zambiri za iye pambuyo pake.

Miyeso, monga tafotokozera kale, imafalitsidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito ma multicast mitsinje. Mu terminology ya DSP, mitsinje iyi imatchedwa SV mitsinje (Sampled Value).

Mitsinje ya SV ndi mauthenga omwe ali ndi deta inayake ndipo amafalitsidwa mosalekeza ndi nthawi inayake. Uthenga uliwonse uli ndi muyeso pa nthawi yake. Miyezo imatengedwa pafupipafupi - ma frequency a sampling.

Sampling frequency ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo za chizindikiro chopitilira nthawi mukachiyesa.

Zitsanzo mlingo 80 zitsanzo pa sekondi

Mapangidwe a mitsinje ya SV akufotokozedwa mu IEC61850-9-2 LE.

Mitsinje ya SV imafalitsidwa kudzera pa basi yoyendera.

Process bus ndi netiweki yolumikizirana yomwe imapereka kusinthana kwa data pakati pa zida zoyezera ndi zida zolumikizirana. Malamulo osinthanitsa deta (nthawi yomweyo ndi ma voltage values) akufotokozedwa mu IEC 61850-9-2 muyezo (pakali pano mbiri ya IEC 61850-9-2 LE ikugwiritsidwa ntchito).

Mitsinje ya SV, monga mauthenga a GOOSE, iyenera kufalitsidwa mwachangu. Ngati miyeso imaperekedwa pang'onopang'ono, ma terminals sangalandire panopa kapena magetsi omwe amafunikira kuti ateteze chitetezo panthawi, ndipo dera lalifupi lidzafalikira ku gawo lalikulu la magetsi a magetsi ndikuwononga kwambiri.

Chifukwa chiyani ma multicast amafunikira?

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuti tikwaniritse zofunikira zotumizirana mauthenga opingasa, GOOSE amafalitsidwa mwanjira yachilendo.

Choyamba, amafalitsidwa pamlingo wolumikizira deta ndipo ali ndi Ethertype yawo - 0x88b8. Izi zimatsimikizira mkulu deta kutengerapo mitengo.

Tsopano m'pofunika kutseka zofunikira za chitsimikizo ndi kudalirika.

Mwachiwonekere, kutsimikizirani, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa ngati uthengawo unaperekedwa, koma sitingathe kukonza kutumiza zitsimikizo za kulandila, monga, mwachitsanzo, ku TCP. Izi kwambiri kuchepetsa deta kutengerapo liwiro.

Chifukwa chake, zomangamanga za Publisher-Subscriber zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa GOOSE.

Publisher-Subscriber Architecture

Chipangizocho chimatumiza uthenga wa GOOSE ku basi ndipo olembetsa amalandira uthengawo. Kuphatikiza apo, uthengawo umatumizidwa ndi nthawi yokhazikika T0. Ngati chochitika china chikuchitika, uthenga watsopano umapangidwa, mosasamala kanthu kuti nthawi yapitayi T0 yatha kapena ayi. Uthenga wotsatira wokhala ndi deta yatsopano umapangidwa pakapita nthawi yochepa kwambiri, kenako patapita nthawi yayitali, ndi zina zotero. Zotsatira zake, nthawi imakwera mpaka T0.

Mfundo yotumizira mauthenga a GOOSE

Wolembetsa amadziwa kuchokera kwa omwe amalandira mauthenga, ndipo ngati sanalandire uthenga kuchokera kwa wina pambuyo pa nthawi T0, ndiye kuti amapanga uthenga wolakwika.

Mitsinje ya SV imafalitsidwanso pamlingo wogwirizanitsa deta, imakhala ndi Ethertype yawo - 0x88BA ndipo imafalitsidwa molingana ndi chitsanzo cha "Publisher - Subscriber".

Ma nuances of multicast transmission mu Digital substation

Koma "mphamvu" multicast ili ndi ma nuances ake.

Zindikirani 1. GOOSE ndi SV ali ndi magulu awo a multicast omwe amafotokozedwa

Kwa "mphamvu" multicast, magulu awo ogawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mu telecom, mitundu 224.0.0.0/4 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa ma multicast (kupatulapo kawirikawiri, pali ma adilesi osungidwa). Koma muyezo wa IEC 61850 wokha komanso mbiri yamakampani ya IEC 61850 kuchokera ku PJSC FGC imatanthauzira magawo awo ogawa ambiri.

Kwa mitsinje ya SV: kuchokera ku 01-0C-CD-04-00-00 mpaka 01-0C-CD-04-FF-FF.

Kwa mauthenga a GOOSE: kuchokera ku 01-0C-CD-04-00-00 mpaka 01-0C-CD-04-FF-FF.

Mfundo 2. Ma terminals sagwiritsa ntchito ma protocol ambiri

Nuance yachiwiri ndiyofunikira kwambiri - malo otetezedwa olandirira samathandizira IGMP kapena PIM. Ndiye amagwira ntchito bwanji ndi multicast? Iwo akungoyembekezera kuti chidziwitso chofunikira chitumizidwe ku doko. Iwo. ngati akudziwa kuti adalembetsa ku adilesi inayake ya MAC, amavomereza mafelemu onse omwe akubwera, koma amangokonza zofunikira zokha. Zina zonse zimangotayidwa.

Mwanjira ina, chiyembekezo chonse chimakhazikika pa zosintha. Koma kodi IGMP kapena PIM idzagwira ntchito bwanji ngati ma terminal satumiza ma Joyina mauthenga? Yankho ndi losavuta - palibe njira.

Ndipo mitsinje ya SV ndi data yolemetsa. Mtsinje umodzi umalemera pafupifupi 5 Mbit/s. Ndipo ngati zonse zitasiyidwa momwe zilili, zimakhala kuti mtsinje uliwonse uulutsidwa. Mwanjira ina, tidzakoka mitsinje 20 yokha pa 100 Mbit / s LAN imodzi. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa SV kumayenda pamalo ocheperako kumayesedwa mu mazana.

Ndiye yankho lake ndi chiyani?

Zosavuta - gwiritsani ntchito ma VLAN akale otsimikiziridwa.

Komanso, IGMP mu Digital Substation LAN imatha kusewera nthabwala zankhanza, ndipo mosemphanitsa, palibe chomwe chingagwire ntchito. Kupatula apo, zosintha sizingayambe kutumiza mitsinje popanda pempho.

Chifukwa chake, titha kuwunikiranso lamulo losavuta - "Kodi maukonde sakugwira ntchito? - Letsani IGMP!

Zoyang'anira

Koma mwina ndizothekabe kupanga LAN ya Digital Substation kutengera ma multicast? Tiyeni tiyesetse kutembenukira ku zolembedwa zamalamulo pa LAN. Makamaka, nditchula zotuluka mu ma STO awa:

• STO 34.01-21-004-2019 - DIGITAL POWER CENTER. ZOFUNIKA KUPANGA NTCHITO YA NTCHITO YA NTCHITO YA DIGITAL NDI VOLTAGE 110-220 kV NDI NODE DIGITAL SUBSTATIONS NDI VOLTAGE 35 kV.
• STO 34.01-6-005-2019 - KUSINTHA KWA NTCHITO ZA MPHAMVU. General luso zofunika.
• STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020 - Zofunikira zaukadaulo zapagulu komanso magwiridwe antchito aukadaulo wama LAN mumayendedwe owongolera a UNEG substation.

Tiyeni tiwone kaye zomwe zingapezeke m'malo ochezera awa okhudza ma multicast? Zimangotchulidwa mu STO yaposachedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku PJSC FGC UES. Pamayesero ovomerezeka a LAN, malo ogwiritsira ntchito akukufunsani kuti muwone ngati ma VLAN akonzedwa bwino ndikuwona kuti palibe magalimoto ambiri pamadoko osinthira omwe sanatchulidwe m'malemba ogwirira ntchito.

Chabwino, malo operekera chithandizo amalamulanso kuti ogwira ntchito ayenera kudziwa chomwe ma multicast ndi.

Ndizo zonse za multicast ...

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe mungapeze m'malo ochezera awa za VLAN.

Apa, malo onse atatu amavomereza kuti masiwichi ayenera kuthandizira ma VLAN kutengera IEEE 802.1Q.

STO 34.01-21-004-2019 imanena kuti ma VLAN ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuyenda, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi ma VLAN, magalimoto ayenera kugawidwa muchitetezo cha relay, makina owongolera njira, AIIS KUE, kuyang'anira makanema, kulumikizana, ndi zina.

STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020, kuwonjezera apo, imafunanso kukonzekera mapu ogawa a VLAN panthawi yopanga. Nthawi yomweyo, malo ochitira chithandizo amapereka ma adilesi a IP ndi ma VLAN a zida za DSP.

STO imaperekanso tebulo lazofunikira zofunika pama VLAN osiyanasiyana.

Gulu lazofunikira za VLAN kuchokera ku STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020

Kuchokera ku kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Ngakhale pali zambiri zoti tikambirane m'malo operekera chithandizowa - kuchokera kumapangidwe osiyanasiyana kupita ku L3 - tidzachita izi, koma nthawi ina.

Tsopano tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka LAN ya Digital Substation.

Pomaliza

Mu Digital Substation, ngakhale kuti mitsinje yambirimbiri imafalikira, njira zoyendetsera magalimoto ambiri (IGMP, PIM) sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi ndichifukwa choti zida zomaliza sizigwirizana ndi ma protocol amtundu uliwonse.

Ma VLAN abwino akale amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuyenda. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito VLAN kumayendetsedwa ndi zolemba zowongolera, zomwe zimapereka malingaliro opangidwa bwino.

Maulalo othandiza:

Maphunziro a "Digital substation from Phoenix Contact".
Mayankho a DSP kuchokera ku Phoenix Contact.

Source: www.habr.com