Momwe mungasankhire zosungirako popanda kudziwombera pamapazi

Mau oyamba

Yakwana nthawi yogula zosungirako. kuti utenge uti, ndi kumvera ndani? Wogulitsa A amalankhula za wogulitsa B, ndiyeno pali wogwirizanitsa C, yemwe akunena zosiyana ndikulangiza wogulitsa D. Zikatero, ngakhale mutu wa womangamanga wodziwa zambiri udzazungulira, makamaka ndi ogulitsa onse atsopano ndi SDS ndi hyperconvergence zomwe ziri zapamwamba. lero.

Ndiye, mumazindikira bwanji zonse ndipo simudzakhala chitsiru? Ife (AntonVirtual Anton Zhbankov ndi gulu Evgeniy Elizarov) tiyeni tiyese kulankhula za izi m'Chirasha.
Nkhaniyi ili ndi zofanana zambiri ndipo ndiyowonjezera "Virtualized data center design” pankhani yosankha njira zosungira ndikuwunikanso matekinoloje osungira. Tidzayang'ana mwachidule chiphunzitso chonse, koma tikupangira kuti muwerengenso nkhaniyi.

Chifukwa

Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona momwe munthu watsopano amabwera pabwalo kapena macheza apadera, monga Storage Discussions, ndikufunsa funso: "apa amandipatsa njira ziwiri zosungira - ABC SuperStorage S600 ndi XYZ HyperOcean 666v4, mumalimbikitsa chiyani? ?”

Ndipo chisokonezo chimayamba ponena za yemwe ali ndi zinthu zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zoopsa komanso zosamvetsetseka, zomwe kwa munthu wosakonzekera ndizo Chinese.

Chifukwa chake, funso lofunikira komanso loyamba lomwe muyenera kudzifunsa nthawi yayitali musanafanizire zomwe mukufuna kutsatsa ndi chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chiyani makina osungira awa ali ofunikira?

Yankho lidzakhala losayembekezereka, komanso mawonekedwe a Tony Robbins - kusunga deta. Zikomo, Captain! Ndipo komabe, nthawi zina timafika mozama kwambiri pakufanizira zambiri kotero kuti timayiwala chifukwa chomwe tikuchitira zonsezi poyamba.

Chifukwa chake, ntchito yamakina osungira deta ndikusunga ndikupereka mwayi wa DATA ndi magwiridwe antchito. Tiyamba ndi data.

deta

Mtundu wa data

Kodi tikufuna kusunga deta yamtundu wanji? Funso lofunika kwambiri lomwe lingathe kuthetsa machitidwe ambiri osungiramo ngakhale kulingalira. Mwachitsanzo, mukukonzekera kusunga mavidiyo ndi zithunzi. Mutha kudumpha nthawi yomweyo makina opangidwa kuti azitha kulowa mwachisawawa m'mabwalo ang'onoang'ono, kapena makina omwe ali ndi eni ake pakuponderezana / kubwereza. Izi zitha kukhala machitidwe abwino kwambiri, sitikufuna kunena zoyipa. Koma mu nkhani iyi, mphamvu zawo mwina kufooka (kanema ndi zithunzi si wothinikizidwa) kapena kungowonjezera kwambiri mtengo wa dongosolo.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ngati ntchito yomwe ikufunidwa ndi DBMS yotanganidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti njira zabwino zotsatsira ma multimedia zomwe zimatha kupereka ma gigabytes pamphindi imodzi zidzakhala zolakwika.

Voliyumu ya data

Kodi tikufuna kusunga deta yochuluka bwanji? Kuchuluka nthawi zonse kumakula kukhala khalidwe; izi siziyenera kuyiwalika, makamaka mu nthawi yathu ya kukula kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa deta. Machitidwe a kalasi ya Petabyte sakhalanso achilendo, koma kukula kwa mphamvu ya petabyte, ndondomekoyi imakhala yodziwika bwino, zochepetsera zopezeka kawirikawiri za machitidwe ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati opezeka mwachisawawa. Ndizochepa chifukwa matebulo owerengera owerengera okha amakhala okulirapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa RAM pa owongolera. Osatchulanso compression / tiering. Tiyerekeze kuti tikufuna kusintha ma aligorivimu a compression kuti akhale amphamvu kwambiri ndikupondaponda ma data 20 petabytes. Zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji: miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chaka?

Kumbali ina, bwanji mukuvutikira ngati mukufuna kusunga ndi kukonza 500 GB ya data? 500 okha. Ma SSD apanyumba (okhala ndi DWPD otsika) akukula uku samawononga chilichonse. Bwanji kumanga fakitale ya Fiber Channel ndikugula njira zosungiramo zakunja zapamwamba zomwe zimawononga ndalama zofanana ndi mlatho wachitsulo?

Kodi ndi maperesenti otani a zonse zomwe zili zotentha? Kodi kuchuluka kwa data kumasiyana bwanji? Apa ndipamene luso losungiramo tiered kapena Flash Cache lingakhale lothandiza kwambiri ngati kuchuluka kwa deta yotentha kuli kochepa poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero. Kapena mosiyana, ndi katundu wa yunifolomu mu voliyumu yonse, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu machitidwe osakanikirana (kuyang'anira mavidiyo, machitidwe ena a analytics), matekinoloje oterewa sangapereke chilichonse ndipo adzangowonjezera mtengo / zovuta za dongosolo.

IP

Mbali ina ya deta ndi ndondomeko ya chidziwitso yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito deta. IS ili ndi zofunikira zomwe zimatengera cholowa cha data. Kuti mumve zambiri za IS, onani "Virtualized Data Center Design."

Zofunikira pakukhazikika/zopezeka

Zofunikira pakulekerera zolakwika / kupezeka kwa data zimatengera ku IS pogwiritsa ntchito iwo ndipo zimawonetsedwa mu manambala atatu - RPO, Mtengo wa RTO, kupezeka.

Kupezeka - kugawana kwa nthawi yomwe deta ikupezeka kuti mugwire nawo ntchito. Kawirikawiri amawonetsedwa ngati chiwerengero cha 9. Mwachitsanzo, ziwiri zisanu ndi zinayi pachaka zikutanthauza kuti kupezeka ndi 99%, kapena mwinamwake maola 95 osapezeka pachaka amaloledwa. Atatu asanu ndi anayi - maola 9,5 pachaka.

RPO / RTO sizizindikiro zonse, koma pazochitika zilizonse (ngozi), mosiyana ndi kupezeka.

RPO - kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe yatayika panthawi ya ngozi (maola). Mwachitsanzo, ngati zosunga zobwezeretsera zimachitika kamodzi patsiku, ndiye kuti RPO = maola 24. Iwo. Pakachitika tsoka komanso kutayika kwathunthu kwa zosungirako, deta mpaka maola 24 imatha kutayika (kuyambira nthawi yosunga zobwezeretsera). Kutengera RPO yotchulidwa ku IS, mwachitsanzo, malamulo osunga zobwezeretsera amalembedwa. Komanso, kutengera RPO, mutha kumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa ma synchronous / asynchronous data replication yomwe ikufunika.

Mtengo wa RTO - nthawi yobwezeretsa ntchito (kupeza deta) pakachitika tsoka. Kutengera mtengo wa RTO womwe wapatsidwa, titha kumvetsetsa ngati gulu la metro likufunika, kapena ngati kubwereza kwapadziko lonse ndikokwanira. Kodi mukufunikira makina osungira owongolera ambiri?

Zofunika Kuchita

Ngakhale ili ndi funso lodziwikiratu, ndipamene zovuta zambiri zimayambira. Kutengera ngati muli ndi mtundu wina wa zomangamanga kapena ayi, njira zosonkhanitsira ziwerengero zofunika zidzamangidwa.

Muli ndi makina osungira kale ndipo mukuyang'ana yolowa m'malo kapena mukufuna kugula ina kuti mukulitse. Zonse ndi zophweka apa. Mumamvetsetsa zomwe muli nazo kale komanso zomwe mukufuna kuzigwiritsa ntchito posachedwa. Kutengera ndi ntchito zapano, muli ndi mwayi wopeza ziwerengero zantchito. Sankhani pa nambala yomwe ilipo ya IOPS ndi latency yapano - zizindikiro izi ndi ziti ndipo ndizokwanira pantchito zanu? Izi zikhoza kuchitika pa dongosolo losungiramo deta lokha komanso kuchokera kwa makamu omwe akugwirizana nawo.

Komanso, muyenera kuyang'ana osati pa katundu panopa, koma kwa nthawi (makamaka mwezi). Onani zomwe nsonga zapamwamba zimakhala masana, zomwe zosunga zobwezeretsera zimapanga, ndi zina. Ngati makina anu osungiramo zinthu kapena mapulogalamu ake sakukupatsani mndandanda wathunthu wa deta iyi, mungagwiritse ntchito RRDtool yaulere, yomwe ingagwire ntchito ndi machitidwe ambiri osungiramo zosungirako zosungirako ndi zosinthika ndipo ingakupatseni ziwerengero zatsatanetsatane za ntchito. Ndikoyeneranso kuyang'ana katundu pa makamu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi makina osungira awa, makina enieni enieni, kapena zomwe zikuyenda pa gulu ili.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa padera kuti ngati kuchedwa kwa voliyumu ndi sitolo yomwe ili pa voliyumuyi ikusiyana kwambiri, muyenera kumvetsera pa intaneti yanu ya SAN, pali mwayi waukulu kuti pali zovuta ndi izo musanagule zatsopano. dongosolo, m'pofunika kuyang'ana pa nkhaniyi , chifukwa pali mwayi waukulu wowonjezera ntchito ya dongosolo lamakono.

Mukumanga maziko kuyambira pachiyambi, kapena mukugula dongosolo la ntchito zina zatsopano, zomwe simukuzidziwa. Pali zosankha zingapo: lankhulani ndi anzako pazinthu zapadera kuti muyese kupeza ndikudziwiratu za katunduyo, funsani wogwirizanitsa yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso pakukhazikitsa ntchito zofanana ndi zomwe zingakuwerengereni katunduyo. Ndipo njira yachitatu (yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kwambiri, makamaka ngati ikukhudza ntchito zolembera kunyumba kapena zosowa) ndikuyesa kupeza zofunikira za magwiridwe antchito kuchokera kwa opanga makinawo.

Ndipo, chonde dziwani, njira yolondola kwambiri kuchokera pakuwona momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi woyendetsa pazida zamakono, kapena zida zoperekedwa kuti ziyesedwe ndi wogulitsa / wophatikiza.

Zofunikira zapadera

Zofunikira zapadera ndizo zonse zomwe sizikugwera pansi pa zofunikira kuti zigwire ntchito, kulekerera zolakwika ndi ntchito yokonzekera mwachindunji ndi kupereka deta.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zosavuta kwambiri zosungirako deta zimatha kutchedwa "alienable storage media." Ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimadziwikiratu kuti makina osungira detawa ayenera kukhala ndi laibulale ya tepi kapena kungoyendetsa tepi komwe kopi yosungirako imatayidwa. Pambuyo pake munthu wophunzitsidwa mwapadera amasaina tepiyo ndi kuinyamula monyadira kupita nayo pamalo otetezeka apadera.
Chitsanzo china cha chofunikira chapadera ndi kapangidwe kotetezedwa ndi shockproof.

Kumeneko

Chigawo chachiwiri chachikulu posankha dongosolo linalake losungirako ndi chidziwitso chokhudza KUTI dongosolo losungirako lidzakhalapo. Kuyambira pa geography kapena nyengo, ndikumaliza ndi ogwira ntchito.

Makasitomala

Kodi makina osungira awa akukonzera ndani? Funsoli lili ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:

Makasitomala aboma/malonda.
Wogula malonda alibe zoletsa ndipo sakakamizidwa ngakhale kukhala ndi ma tender, kupatula motsatira malamulo ake amkati.

Makasitomala aboma ndi nkhani yosiyana. 44 Federal Law ndi zina zimakondwera ndi ma tender ndi ukadaulo womwe ungatsutsidwe.

Wogulayo ali pansi pa zilango
Chabwino, funso apa ndi losavuta kwambiri - kusankha kumangokhala ndi zopereka zomwe zimapezeka kwa kasitomala wopatsidwa.

Malamulo amkati / ogulitsa / zitsanzo zololedwa kugula
Funso ndilosavuta kwambiri, koma muyenera kulikumbukira.

Kumene mwathupi

Mu gawo ili tikuwona zovuta zonse za geography, njira zolumikizirana, ndi microclimate m'malo okhalamo.

Antchito

Ndani adzagwire ntchito ndi makina osungira awa? Izi sizofunikira kwenikweni kuposa zomwe makina osungira amatha kuchita.
Ziribe kanthu momwe kusungirako kuchokera kwa wogulitsa A ndikodalirika, kozizira komanso kodabwitsa, mwina palibe chifukwa choiyika ngati ogwira ntchito amadziwa kugwira ntchito ndi wogulitsa B, ndipo palibe mapulani ogulanso ndi kugwirizana kosalekeza ndi A.

Ndipo zowona, mbali ina ya funso ndi momwe anthu ophunzitsidwa amapezekera pamalo omwe apatsidwa mwachindunji mukampani komanso mwina pamsika wantchito. Kwa madera, kusankha makina osungira omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kapena kuthekera kokhazikitsa kasamalidwe patali kumatha kupanga zomveka. Apo ayi, nthawi zina zimakhala zowawa kwambiri. Intaneti ili ndi nkhani zambiri za momwe wogwira ntchito watsopano yemwe anafika, wophunzira dzulo, adakonza chinthu choterocho kuti ofesi yonseyo inawonongedwa.

Zachilengedwe

Ndipo, ndithudi, funso lofunika ndiloti malo osungira awa adzagwira ntchito.

• Nanga bwanji za magetsi/kuzizira?
• kugwirizana bwanji
• Idzakhazikitsidwa kuti?
• Ndi zina zotero.

Nthawi zambiri mafunsowa amatengedwa mopepuka komanso osaganiziridwa makamaka, koma nthawi zina ndi omwe amatha kutembenuza chilichonse.

Chiani

Wogulitsa

Kuyambira lero (pakati pa 2019), msika waku Russia wosungirako ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 5:

1. Gawo lapamwamba kwambiri ndi makampani okhazikika omwe ali ndi mashelefu osiyanasiyana a disk kuyambira osavuta mpaka kumapeto (HPE, DellEMC, Hitachi, NetApp, IBM / Lenovo)
2. Gawo lachiwiri - makampani omwe ali ndi mzere wocheperako, osewera a niche, ogulitsa kwambiri a SDS kapena obwera kumene (Fujitsu, Datacore, Infinidat, Huawei, Pure, etc.)
3. Gawo lachitatu - mayankho a niche otsika, SDS yotsika mtengo, zinthu zapamwamba zochokera ku ceph ndi ntchito zina zotseguka (Infortrend, Starwind, etc.)
4. Gawo la SOHO - makina osungira ang'onoang'ono komanso ang'onoang'ono anyumba / ofesi yaying'ono (Synology, QNAP, etc.)
5. Machitidwe osungira olowetsedwera m'malo - izi zikuphatikizapo zida zonse za gawo loyamba ndi zolemba zolembedwanso, ndi oimira osowa achiwiri (RAIDIX, tidzawapatsa chachiwiri pasadakhale), koma makamaka ichi ndi gawo lachitatu (Aerodisk, Baum, Depo, etc.)

Kugawanikaku kumakhala kosasinthasintha, ndipo sizikutanthauza kuti gawo lachitatu kapena la SOHO ndiloipa ndipo silingagwiritsidwe ntchito. M'mapulojekiti apadera omwe ali ndi deta yodziwika bwino komanso mbiri ya katundu, amatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kuposa gawo loyamba la chiwerengero cha mtengo / khalidwe. Ndikofunika kusankha kaye zolinga zanu, kukula kwake, ndi magwiridwe antchito - ndiye Synology idzakutumikirani mokhulupirika, ndipo tsitsi lanu lidzakhala lofewa komanso losalala.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika posankha wogulitsa ndi malo omwe alipo. Ndi makina angati osungira omwe muli nawo kale ndi makina osungira omwe mainjiniya anu angagwire nawo ntchito. Kodi mukufuna wogulitsa wina, malo ena olumikizirana, kodi mudzasamutsa katundu wonsewo pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kwa wogulitsa A kupita kwa wogulitsa B?

Munthu sayenera kutulutsa mabungwe kuposa momwe angafunikire.

iSCSI/FC/Fayilo

Palibe mgwirizano pakati pa mainjiniya pankhani ya njira zolumikizirana, ndipo mkanganowo umafanana ndi zokambirana zambiri zamulungu kuposa zaukadaulo. Koma kawirikawiri, mfundo zotsatirazi zikhoza kuzindikirika:

FCoE akufa kwambiri kuposa amoyo.

FC vs iSCSI. Chimodzi mwazabwino zazikulu za FC mu 2019 posungira IP, fakitale yodzipatulira yofikira deta, imathetsedwa ndi netiweki yodzipereka ya IP. FC ilibe maubwino apadziko lonse lapansi pamanetiweki a IP, ndipo IP ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga makina osungira amtundu uliwonse wa katundu, mpaka machitidwe a DBMS olemetsa pamabanki akuluakulu a banki yayikulu. Kumbali ina, imfa ya FC yanenedweratu kwa zaka zingapo tsopano, koma chinachake chikulepheretsa. Masiku ano, mwachitsanzo, osewera ena pamsika wosungiramo zinthu akupanga mwachangu muyezo wa NVMEoF. Nthawi idzauza ngati adzagawana tsogolo la FCoE.

Kufikira mafayilo sichinthunso chosayenera kuchiganizira. NFS/CIFS imachita bwino m'malo opangira zokolola ndipo, ngati idapangidwa bwino, ilibe madandaulo kuposa ma protocol a block.

Hybrid / All Flash Array

Makina osungira akale amabwera m'mitundu iwiri:

1. AFA (All Flash Array) - machitidwe okometsedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito SSD.
2. Hybrid - kukulolani kugwiritsa ntchito HDD ndi SSD kapena kuphatikiza.

Kusiyanitsa kwawo kwakukulu ndi matekinoloje osungira omwe amathandizidwa bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito (high IOPS ndi low latency). Machitidwe onsewa (mumitundu yawo yambiri, osawerengera gawo lotsika) amatha kugwira ntchito ngati zida za block ndi mafayilo. Magwiridwe othandizira amadalira mulingo wa dongosolo, ndipo kwa zitsanzo zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimachepetsedwa kukhala zochepa. Izi ndi zofunika kumvetsera pamene mukuphunzira makhalidwe a chitsanzo, osati mphamvu za mzere wonsewo. Komanso, ndithudi, makhalidwe ake luso, monga purosesa, kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira, posungira, chiwerengero ndi mitundu madoko, etc., zimadaliranso mlingo wa dongosolo. Kuchokera pakuwona kasamalidwe, ma AFA amasiyana ndi machitidwe osakanizidwa (disk) pokhapokha pakukhazikitsa njira zogwirira ntchito ndi ma drive a SSD, ndipo ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito SSD pamakina osakanizidwa, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mudzatha. kukwaniritsa mlingo wa ntchito pa mlingo wa AFA dongosolo . Komanso, nthawi zambiri, njira zosungiramo zosungiramo zogwiritsira ntchito bwino zimayimitsidwa pamakina osakanizidwa, ndipo kuphatikizika kwawo kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito.

Machitidwe apadera osungira

Kuphatikiza pamakina osungira zinthu, omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakukonza deta, pali makina apadera osungira omwe ali ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse (low latency, high IOPS):

Media.

Machitidwewa adapangidwa kuti asungidwe ndikukonza mafayilo akulu atolankhani. Resp. kuchedwa kumakhala kosafunika kwenikweni, ndipo kuthekera kotumiza ndi kulandira deta mu gulu lalikulu m'mitsinje yambiri yofanana kumabwera patsogolo.

Kuchotsa machitidwe osungira ma backups.

Popeza makope osunga zobwezeretsera amasiyanitsidwa ndi kufanana kwawo kwa wina ndi mnzake, zomwe sizichitika kawirikawiri (nthawi zambiri zosunga zosunga zobwezeretsera zimasiyana ndi zomwe zidachitika dzulo ndi 1-2%), gulu ili la machitidwe limayika bwino kwambiri zomwe zidalembedwa pawokha pang'ono. kuchuluka kwa media media. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina, kupsinjika kwa data kumatha kufika 200 mpaka 1.

Machitidwe osungira zinthu.

Makina osungira awa alibe ma voliyumu ofikira a block ndi magawo amafayilo, ndipo koposa zonse amafanana ndi database yayikulu. Kufikira ku chinthu chosungidwa mudongosolo loterolo kumachitidwa ndi chizindikiritso chapadera kapena ndi metadata (mwachitsanzo, zinthu zonse zamtundu wa JPEG zokhala ndi deti lopangidwa pakati pa XX-XX-XXXX ndi YY-YY-YYYY).

Kutsatira dongosolo.

Iwo sali ofala kwambiri ku Russia lero, koma akuyenera kutchulidwa. Cholinga cha machitidwe osungira oterowo ndikutsimikiziridwa kusungidwa kwa deta kuti zigwirizane ndi ndondomeko zachitetezo kapena zofunikira zoyendetsera. Machitidwe ena (mwachitsanzo EMC Centera) akhazikitsa ntchito yoletsa kufufutidwa kwa data - fungulo likangotembenuzidwa ndikulowa munjira iyi, palibe woyang'anira kapena wina aliyense amene angathe kuchotsa deta yomwe yalembedwa kale.

Tekinoloje zaumwini

Flash cache

Flash Cache ndi dzina lodziwika bwino pamakina onse ogwiritsira ntchito ma flash memory ngati cache yachiwiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito cache ya flash, makina osungira nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa kuti apereke katundu wokhazikika kuchokera ku maginito disks, pamene nsonga imatumizidwa ndi cache.

Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kumvetsa katundu mbiri ndi mlingo wa kumasulira kupeza midadada midadada yosungirako. Flash cache ndi ukadaulo wochulukira ntchito wokhala ndi mafunso opezeka m'malo ambiri, ndipo ndi wosagwira ntchito pama voliyumu odzaza mofanana (monga makina owerengera).

Pali njira ziwiri zosungira cache zomwe zikupezeka pamsika:

• Werengani Pokha. Pankhaniyi, kuwerengera kokha kumasungidwa, ndipo kulemba kumapita mwachindunji ku disks. Opanga ena, monga NetApp, amakhulupirira kuti kulembera makina awo osungirako kuli bwino kale, ndipo posungira sikungathandize konse.
• Werengani/Lembani. Osangowerenga kokha, komanso kulemba kumasungidwa, zomwe zimakulolani kuti muchepetse mtsinjewo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya Chilango cha RAID, ndipo chifukwa chake mumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito onse osungira omwe ali ndi njira yolembera yocheperako.

Tiering

Kusungidwa kwamitundu ingapo (yotopetsa) ndiukadaulo wophatikizira magawo okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana, monga SSD ndi HDD, kukhala dziwe la disk limodzi. Pakakhala kutchulidwa kosagwirizana kwa mwayi wofikira midadada ya data, dongosololi lidzatha kulinganiza midadada ya data, kusuntha zonyamulidwa kupita kumlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, ndi ozizira, m'malo mwake, mpaka pang'onopang'ono.

Machitidwe osakanikirana a magulu apansi ndi apakati amagwiritsa ntchito kusungirako kwamitundu yambiri ndi deta yosuntha pakati pa milingo pa ndandanda. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kukula kwa chipika chosungiramo ma multilevel kwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri ndi 256 MB. Izi sizimatilola kuti tiganizire ukadaulo wosungira zinthu ngati ukadaulo wowonjezera zokolola, monga momwe anthu ambiri amakhulupilira molakwika. Kusungirako kwamitundu yambiri m'machitidwe otsika ndi apakati ndi teknoloji yowonjezeretsa ndalama zosungiramo makina omwe ali ndi vuto losafanana.

Chidule

Ziribe kanthu momwe tingalankhulire za kudalirika kwa machitidwe osungirako, pali mwayi wambiri wotaya deta yomwe siidalira mavuto a hardware. Izi zitha kukhala ma virus, ma hackers kapena kufufutidwa mwangozi / kuwonongeka kwa data. Pachifukwa ichi, kusunga deta yopangira ndi gawo lofunikira la ntchito ya injiniya.

Chithunzi chojambula ndi chithunzi cha voliyumu nthawi ina. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi machitidwe ambiri, monga virtualization, databases, etc. tikuyenera kutenga chithunzithunzi chotere chomwe tidzakopera deta ku kopi yosunga zobwezeretsera, pomwe IS yathu idzatha kupitiliza kugwira ntchito ndi bukuli. Koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti sizithunzi zonse zomwe zili zothandiza mofanana. Ogulitsa osiyanasiyana ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zithunzithunzi zokhudzana ndi zomangamanga zawo.

CoW (Koperani-Kulemba). Mukayesa kulemba chipika cha data, zomwe zili zoyambirira zimakopera kudera lapadera, pambuyo pake zolembazo zimayenda bwino. Izi zimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa data mkati mwa chithunzithunzi. Mwachilengedwe, chinyengo chonse cha "parasitic" ichi chimayambitsa katundu wowonjezera pamakina osungira ndipo pachifukwa ichi, ogulitsa omwe ali ndi machitidwe ofanana samalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri, komanso osazigwiritsa ntchito pamavoliyumu odzaza kwambiri.

RoW (Kulozeranso-pa-Kulemba). Pankhaniyi, voliyumu yoyambirira imaundana mwachilengedwe, ndipo poyesa kulemba chipika cha data, dongosolo losungirako limalemba deta kudera lapadera laulere, kusintha malo a chipikachi patebulo la metadata. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa ntchito zolemberanso, zomwe pamapeto pake zimachotsa kutsika kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikuchotsa zoletsa pazithunzi ndi nambala yawo.

Zithunzi zilinso zamitundu iwiri pokhudzana ndi mapulogalamu:

Kusasinthika kwa ntchito. Panthawi yopanga chithunzithunzi, makina osungirako amakoka wothandizira mu makina ogwiritsira ntchito ogula, omwe amakakamiza mokakamiza ma cache a disk kuchoka pamtima kupita ku disk ndikukakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito izi. Pankhaniyi, pobwezeretsa kuchokera ku chithunzithunzi, deta idzakhala yofanana.

Kuwonongeka kosasintha. Pankhaniyi, palibe chomwe chimachitika ndipo chithunzithunzi chimapangidwa momwe chilili. Pankhani yochira kuchokera ku chithunzi chotere, chithunzicho ndi chofanana ndi zomwe zingachitike ngati mphamvuyo idazimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi ndipo kutayika kwina kwa data kumatheka, kumangika mu cache ndipo osafika pa disk. Zithunzi zoterezi ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo sizimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ntchito, koma ndizodalirika.

Chifukwa chiyani zithunzithunzi zimafunikira pamakina osungira?

• Zosunga zosunga zobwezeretsera mwachindunji kuchokera pamakina osungira
• Pangani malo oyesera potengera deta yeniyeni
• Pankhani yamakina osungira mafayilo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga malo a VDI pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zosungiramo zosungira m'malo mwa hypervisor.
• Onetsetsani ma RPO otsika popanga zithunzi zokonzedwa pafupipafupi kwambiri kuposa zosunga zobwezeretsera

Mgwirizano

Volume cloning - imagwira ntchito pa mfundo yofanana ndi zithunzi, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati powerenga deta, komanso pogwira ntchito nayo mokwanira. Timatha kupeza kopi yeniyeni ya voliyumu yathu, ndi deta yonse pa izo, popanda kupanga kopi yakuthupi, yomwe idzapulumutse malo. Nthawi zambiri, kupanga voliyumu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Test&Dev kapena ngati mukufuna kuwona momwe zosintha zina zimagwirira ntchito pa IS. Cloning idzakulolani kuti muchite izi mofulumira komanso mwachuma momwe mungathere ponena za disk resources, chifukwa Zosintha zokha za data zidzalembedwa.

Kubwereza / Kulemba

Kubwereza ndi njira yopangira kopi ya data panjira ina yosungiramo thupi. Kawirikawiri, wogulitsa aliyense ali ndi luso lamakono lomwe limagwira ntchito mkati mwa mzere wake. Koma palinso mayankho a chipani chachitatu, kuphatikiza omwe amagwira ntchito pamlingo wa hypervisor, monga VMware vSphere Replication.

Kugwira ntchito kwa matekinoloje a eni eni komanso kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopambana padziko lonse lapansi, koma kumakhala kosagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, pakufunika kupanga chofanana kuchokera ku NetApp kupita ku HP MSA.

Kubwereza kumagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

Zolumikizana. Pankhani ya kubwereza kwa synchronous, ntchito yolembera imatumizidwa ku dongosolo lachiwiri losungirako nthawi yomweyo ndipo kuphedwa sikutsimikiziridwa mpaka makina osungira akutali atsimikizira. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchedwerako kumawonjezeka, koma tili ndi chithunzi chenicheni cha data. Iwo. RPO = 0 pakatayika kosungirako kwakukulu.

Asynchronous. Kulemba ntchito kumachitidwa kokha pazitsulo zazikulu zosungirako ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa nthawi yomweyo, pamene panthawi imodzimodziyo zikuwunjikana mu buffer kwa kupatsirana kwa batch kumalo osungirako akutali. Kubwereza kotereku kumakhala kofunikira paza data yocheperako, kapena pamakanema okhala ndi bandwidth yotsika kapena latency yayikulu (yomwe ili pamtunda wopitilira 100 km). Chifukwa chake, RPO = paketi yotumiza pafupipafupi.

Nthawi zambiri, pamodzi ndi kubwerezabwereza, pali njira kudula mitengo ntchito za disk. Pankhaniyi, malo apadera amaperekedwa kwa kudula mitengo ndi kujambula ntchito za kuya kwina mu nthawi, kapena zochepa ndi voliyumu chipika, amasungidwa. Pamatekinoloje ena a eni, monga EMC RecoverPoint, pali kuphatikiza ndi pulogalamu yamapulogalamu yomwe imakulolani kulumikiza ma bookmarks ku chipika china. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizotheka kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa voliyumu (kapena kupanga chojambula) osati pa Epulo 23, maola 11 masekondi 59 13 milliseconds, koma mpaka pano "KUGWETSA MATABWA ONSE; DZIPEREKA.”

Gulu la Metro

Metro cluster ndiukadaulo womwe umakulolani kuti mupange kubwereza kofanana pakati pa makina awiri osungiramo kuti kuchokera kunja awiriwa amawoneka ngati makina osungira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magulu okhala ndi manja olekanitsidwa pamalo otalikirana ndi metro (osakwana 100 km).

Kutengera chitsanzo chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo owoneka bwino, metrocluster imakulolani kuti mupange malo osungirako zinthu zakale okhala ndi makina enieni, opezeka kuti mujambule kuchokera kumalo awiri a data nthawi imodzi. Pankhaniyi, gulu limapangidwa pamlingo wa hypervisor, wopangidwa ndi makamu m'malo osiyanasiyana a data, olumikizidwa ndi sitolo iyi. Zomwe zimakulolani kuchita izi:

• Kukonzekera kwathunthu kwa njira yobwezeretsa pambuyo pa imfa ya imodzi mwa malo opangira deta. Popanda ndalama zowonjezera, ma VM onse omwe ali m'malo osungiramo data omwe anamwalira adzayambikanso mu otsalawo. RTO = nthawi yokwanira yopezeka yamagulu (masekondi 15 a VMware) + nthawi yotsitsa makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndikuyamba ntchito.
• Kupewa masoka kapena, mu Russian, kupewa masoka. Ngati ntchito yopangira magetsi ikukonzedwa mu data center 1, ndiye kuti tili ndi mwayi wosamukira katundu wonse wofunikira ku data center 2 osayimitsa pasadakhale, ntchito isanayambe.

Virtualization

Kusungirako kosungirako ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito ma voliyumu kuchokera kumalo ena osungirako ngati ma disks. Virtualizer yosungira imatha kusamutsa voliyumu ya munthu wina kwa ogula ngati yake, ndikuyiyika pagalasi kumalo ena osungira, kapena kupanga RAID kuchokera kumavoliyumu akunja.
Oyimilira akale m'gulu losungirako zosungirako ndi EMC VPLEX ndi IBM SVC. Ndipo zowonadi, makina osungira omwe ali ndi magwiridwe antchito - NetApp, Hitachi, IBM / Lenovo Storwize.

N'chifukwa chiyani zingakhale zofunikira?

• Redundancy pamlingo wosungirako. Galasi imapangidwa pakati pa ma voliyumu, ndipo theka limodzi likhoza kukhala pa HP 3Par, ndi linalo pa NetApp. Ndipo virtualizer ikuchokera ku EMC.
• Sunthani deta ndi kutsika kochepa pakati pa makina osungira kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana. Tiyerekeze kuti deta iyenera kusamutsidwa kuchokera ku 3Par yakale, yomwe idzalembedwe, kupita ku Dell yatsopano. Pankhaniyi, ogula amachotsedwa ku 3Par, mavoliyumu amasamutsidwa pansi pa VPLEX ndipo amaperekedwa kwa ogula kachiwiri. Popeza palibe kusintha pang'ono pa voliyumu, ntchito ikupitilira. Njira yowonetsera voliyumu ku Dell yatsopano imayambira kumbuyo, ndipo ikamaliza, galasiyo imasweka ndipo 3Par imayimitsidwa.
• Bungwe la metroclusters.

Kuponderezana/kuchepetsa

Ma compression ndi deduplication ndi matekinoloje omwe amakulolani kuti musunge malo a disk pamayendedwe anu osungira. Ndikoyenera kutchula nthawi yomweyo kuti sizinthu zonse zomwe zimapanikizidwa ndi / kapena kuchotsedwa, pamene mitundu ina ya deta imapanikizidwa ndikuchotsedwa bwino, ndipo ina - mosemphanitsa.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya kuponderezana ndi deduplication:

Motsatana - Kupanikizana ndi kubwereza kwa midadada ya data kumachitika musanalembe izi ku disk. Chifukwa chake, dongosololi limangowerengera hashi ya chipika ndikufanizira patebulo ndi zomwe zilipo. Choyamba, imathamanga kuposa kungolembera ku diski, ndipo kachiwiri, sitiwononga malo owonjezera a disk.

Post - izi zikachitika pazida zojambulidwa kale zomwe zili pa disks. Chifukwa chake, detayo imayamba kulembedwa ku diski, ndiye pokhapokha hashi imawerengedwa ndipo midadada yosafunikira imachotsedwa ndipo zida za disk zimamasulidwa.

Ndikoyenera kunena kuti ogulitsa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse iwiri, yomwe imawalola kuwongolera njirazi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zawo. Ogulitsa ambiri osungira ali ndi zida zomwe zimakulolani kusanthula ma data anu. Zidazi zimagwira ntchito molingana ndi malingaliro omwewo omwe amakhazikitsidwa muzosungirako, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito kudzakhala komweko. Komanso, kumbukirani kuti mavenda ambiri ali ndi mapulogalamu otsimikizira magwiridwe antchito omwe amalonjeza kuti azichita bwino pamitundu ina ya data (kapena yonse). Ndipo musanyalanyaze pulojekitiyi, chifukwa powerengera dongosolo la ntchito zanu, poganizira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino dongosolo linalake, mukhoza kusunga voliyumu. Ndikoyeneranso kulingalira kuti mapulogalamuwa amapangidwira machitidwe a AFA, koma chifukwa cha kugula kwa ma SSD ang'onoang'ono kuposa ma HDD mu machitidwe apamwamba, izi zidzachepetsa mtengo wawo, ndipo ngati sizili zofanana ndi mtengo wa disk system, ndiye yandikira kwambiri kwa icho.

lachitsanzo

Ndipo apa tabwera ku funso lolondola.

"Amandipatsa njira ziwiri zosungira - ABC SuperStorage S600 ndi XYZ HyperOcean 666v4, mumalimbikitsa chiyani?"

Asandulika "Apa amandipatsa njira ziwiri zosungira - ABC SuperStorage S600 ndi XYZ HyperOcean 666v4, mumalimbikitsa chiyani?

Katundu wandalama ndi makina osakanikirana a VMware okhala ndi malupu opangira / kuyesa / chitukuko. Mayeso = opindulitsa. 150 TB iliyonse yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a 80 IOPS 000kb block 8% mwachisawawa kupeza 50/80 kuwerenga-lemba. 20 TB yachitukuko, 300 IOPS ndiyokwanira, 50 mwachisawawa, 000 kulemba.

Kupanga bwino mu metrocluster RPO = mphindi 15 RTO = ola limodzi, chitukuko cha asynchronous replication RPO = maola 1, kuyesa patsamba limodzi.

Padzakhala 50TB DBMS, kudula mitengo kungakhale kwabwino kwa iwo.

Tili ndi ma seva a Dell kulikonse, makina akale osungira a Hitachi, sangathe kupirira, tikukonzekera kuwonjezera katunduyo ndi 50% potengera kuchuluka ndi magwiridwe antchito. "

Monga akunenera, funso lopangidwa bwino lili ndi 80% ya mayankho.

zina zambiri

Zomwe muyenera kuwerenganso molingana ndi olemba

Mabuku

• Olifer ndi Olifer "Makompyuta apakompyuta". Bukhuli lithandiza kukonza mwadongosolo komanso kumvetsetsa bwino momwe njira yotumizira ma data pamakina osungira a IP / Ethernet imagwirira ntchito
• "EMC Information Storage and Management." Buku labwino kwambiri pazoyambira zosungirako, ma whys, hows and wherefores.

Mabwalo ndi macheza

• Zokambirana Zosungira
• Nutanix / IT Russian Discussion Club
• VMware User Group Russia
• Russian Backup User Group

Malingaliro aakulu

Mndandanda wamtengo

Tsopano, ponena za mitengo - kawirikawiri, ngati pali mitengo yazinthu zosungirako, nthawi zambiri zimakhala Mndandanda wa mitengo, zomwe kasitomala aliyense amalandira kuchotsera payekha. Kukula kwa kuchotsera kumakhala ndi magawo ambiri, kotero ndizosatheka kuneneratu mtengo womaliza womwe kampani yanu idzalandira popanda kufunsa wogawa. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, posachedwapa zitsanzo zotsika zayamba kuonekera m'masitolo okhazikika apakompyuta, monga, mwachitsanzo ndi.ru kapena xcom-shop.ru. Apa mutha kugula nthawi yomweyo dongosolo lomwe mukulikonda pamtengo wokhazikika, monga zida zilizonse zamakompyuta.

Koma ndikufuna kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti kufananitsa mwachindunji ndi TB/$ sikulondola. Ngati tiyiyandikira kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, ndiye kuti njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri idzakhala yophweka ya JBOD + seva, yomwe siidzapereka kusinthasintha kapena kudalirika komwe dongosolo losungiramo zinthu zonse, loyang'anira kawiri limapereka. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti JBOD ndi yonyansa komanso chinyengo chonyansa, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito yankho ili ndi zolinga ziti. Nthawi zambiri mumamva kuti palibe chomwe chingaswe mu JBOD, pali ndege imodzi yokha. Komabe, ndege zam'mbuyo nthawi zina zimalephera. Chilichonse chimasweka posachedwa.

Chiwerengero

Ndikoyenera kufananitsa machitidwe ndi wina ndi mzake osati ndi mtengo, kapena osati ndi ntchito, koma ndi chiwerengero cha zizindikiro zonse.

Gulani HDD kokha ngati mukutsimikiza kuti mukufuna HDD. Kwa katundu wochepa komanso mitundu yosawerengeka ya data, apo ayi, ndi bwino kutembenukira ku mapulogalamu otsimikizira kusungirako kwa SSD, omwe ogulitsa ambiri ali nawo (ndipo amagwira ntchito, ngakhale ku Russia), koma zonse zimadalira mapulogalamu ndi deta yomwe idzapezeke. pa makina osungira awa.

Osapita pamtengo wotsika mtengo. Nthawi zina izi zimabisa nthawi zambiri zosasangalatsa, imodzi mwa zomwe Evgeniy Elizarov adafotokoza m'nkhani zake. Infortrend. Ndipo kuti, pamapeto pake, kutsika mtengo uku kumatha kukubwezerani. Musaiwale - "wopanda malipiro amalipira kawiri."

Chitsime: www.habr.com