Zida za Apple zili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a Airdrop - amapangidwira kutumiza deta pakati pazida. Pankhaniyi, palibe kukhazikitsa kapena kulumikiza koyambirira kwa zida komwe kumafunikira; chilichonse chimagwira ntchito m'bokosi ndikudina kawiri. Zowonjezera pa Wi-Fi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa deta, choncho deta imasamutsidwa mofulumira kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pogwiritsa ntchito zidule, simungathe kutumiza mafayilo okha, komanso kupeza nambala ya foni ya munthu yemwe ali m'galimoto imodzi yapansi panthaka ndi inu.
Kwa chaka chatha ndakhala ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi kupanga mabwenzi osangalatsa popita kuntchito, pamayendedwe apagulu, komanso m'malo odyetsera anthu onse. Pa avareji, ndimadziwana ndi anthu angapo tsiku lililonse, ndipo nthawi zina ndimachoka m'sitima yapansi panthaka ndili ndi munthu watsopano.
Pansi pa odulidwa ndikuwuzani za ma persimmons onse.
Kodi AirDrop imagwira ntchito bwanji?
AirDrop ndi protocol yosinthira mafayilo mkati mwa netiweki ya anzawo. Itha kugwira ntchito pa intaneti wamba komanso pamlengalenga pakati pa zida zilizonse za Apple. Tidzasanthula chomaliza, pamene zida ziwiri sizikulumikizidwa ndi netiweki wamba, koma zili pafupi, mwachitsanzo, anthu awiri okhala ndi mafoni akuyenda m'galimoto yapansi panthaka ndipo sagwirizana ndi Wi-Fi wamba.
Gawo loyamba la kufalitsa kudzera pa AirDrop ndikutumiza paketi ya BLE
Kuti muyambitse kusamutsa deta kudzera pa AirDrop, foni ya woyambitsayo imatumiza paketi yowulutsa ya BLE, yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso chachangu cha akaunti ya iCloud ndi nambala yafoni ya eni ake zida zoyambitsa, ndi lingaliro lokhazikitsa kulumikizana kudzera pa AWDL (Apple Wireless Direct Link). ) protocol, ngati Wi-Fi Fi Direct kuchokera kudziko la Android. Mapangidwe a paketi ya BLE iyi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri, tipendanso.
Kumbali ya wolandira, AirDrop ikhoza kukhala m'magawo atatu:
- Yazimitsa - sichidzazindikirika konse
- Kwa olumikizana nawo okha - vomerezani mafayilo kuchokera kwa omwe ali m'buku lanu la maadiresi okha. Pachifukwa ichi, kukhudzana kumatengedwa kuti ndi nambala ya foni kapena imelo yomwe akaunti ya icloud imalumikizidwa. Lingaliro lomwelo lolumikizira maakaunti limagwira ntchito pano monga ndi messenger ya iMessages.
- Kwa onse - foni idzawoneka kwa aliyense
Zokonda zachinsinsi za AirDrop. Zosasintha zakhazikitsidwa kuti "Kwa olumikizana nawo".
Kutengera makonda anu achinsinsi, foni ipitiliza kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kudzera pa AWDL kapena kungonyalanyaza paketi ya BLE. Ngati AirDrop yakhazikitsidwa "kwa aliyense", ndiye mu sitepe yotsatira zipangizo zidzalumikizana wina ndi mzake kudzera pa AWDL, pangani IPv6 network pakati pawo, momwe AirDrop idzagwira ntchito ngati ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito mDNS pa protocol ya IP.
Pazoyeserera, mutha kuwona momwe AWDL imagwirira ntchito pa MacBook. Kusinthanitsa konse pansi pa protocol iyi kumachitika kudzera mu mawonekedwe awodl0, yomwe imatha kugwidwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito Wireshark kapena tcpdump.
Pa nthawi ino tikudziwa magulu atatu:
Phukusi la Bluetooth LowEnergy (BLE). - paketi iyi imakhala ndi data kutengera zomwe foni imasankha ngati woyambitsayo ali pamndandanda wake kapena ayi.
Apple Wireless Direct Link (AWDL) - cholowa m'malo mwa Wi-Fi Direct kuchokera ku Apple, chotsegulidwa ngati kulumikizana kudzera pa BLE kudachitika bwino.
AirDrop - pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe imagwira ntchito pa intaneti ya IP yokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito mDNS, HTTP, ndi zina. Itha kugwira ntchito mkati mwa netiweki iliyonse ya Ethernet.
BLE paketi kapangidwe
Zitha kuwoneka kuti paketi ya BLE imawuluka kamodzi kokha kuchokera kwa woyambitsa kupita kwa wolandila, ndiyeno kusinthanitsa kumachitika kudzera pa AWDL. Zowonadi, kulumikizana kwa AWDL kumakhala ndi moyo waufupi kwambiri, mphindi zochepa kapena zochepa. Chifukwa chake, ngati wolandila fayiloyo akufuna kukuyankhani, adzachitanso ngati woyambitsa ndikutumiza paketi ya BLE.
Kodi foni yolandila imamvetsetsa bwanji ngati nambala/imelo ya woyambitsayo ili pamndandanda wake kapena ayi? Ndinadabwa kwambiri nditapeza yankho: woyambitsa amatumiza nambala yake ndi imelo ngati sha256 hash, koma osati kwathunthu, koma 3 mabayiti oyambirira okha.
Mapangidwe a paketi ya BLE kuchokera kwa woyambitsa AirDrop. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma hashes ochokera ku nambala ya foni ndi imelo, woyankhayo amamvetsetsa ngati woyambitsayo ali pamndandanda wake wolumikizana nawo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati akaunti yanu ya Apple (aka iCloud, aka iMessages) ilumikizidwa ndi nambala +79251234567, hashi yochokera pamenepo idzawerengedwa motere:
echo -n "+79251234567" | shasum -a 256
07de58621e5d274f5844b6663a918a94cfd0502222ec2adee0ae1aed148def36
Zotsatira zake, mtengo wa paketi ya BLE udzawuluka Zinachukwu kwa nambala yafoni. Izi sizikuwoneka zokwanira, koma nthawi zambiri ma byte atatuwa amakhala okwanira kuti adziwe nambala yeniyeni ya foni.
Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti makonda achinsinsi a AirDrop samakhudza zomwe zili mu paketi ya BLE. Hashi ya nambala ya foni idzakhala momwemo, ngakhale makonda a "Kwa aliyense" akhazikitsidwa. Komanso, paketi ya BLE yokhala ndi hashi ya nambala ya foni imatumizidwa pomwe zenera la Gawani litsegulidwa ndipo mawu achinsinsi a netiweki ya Wi-Fi alowa.
Kuti muwunike mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe ka mapaketi a BLE ndi zomwe zingachitike, werengani phunziroli ndi Russian .
Kafukufuku wa Apple Bleee adasindikiza zolemba za python zopangidwa kale kuti zizitha kusanthula deta mu mapaketi a BLE. Ndikupangira kuyang'ana kafukufuku ndikuyesa mapulogalamu, pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa kunja uko.
AWDL (Apple Wireless Direct Link)
AWDL ndi pulogalamu yowonjezera ya Apple ku Wi-Fi wamba yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zina ngati Wi-Fi Direct. Sindikudziwa bwino momwe zimagwirira ntchito, pali njira yapadera yolengezera ndi kugwirizanitsa mayendedwe, ndipo imagwira ntchito pa madalaivala a Apple okha. Ndiye kuti, MacBooks/iPhones okha angalumikizane kudzera pa AWDL.
Zachisoni eni mafoni a Android akadali akulotabe ntchito yoyenera ya Wi-Fi Direct.
Koma osati kale kwambiri anyamata ochokera adalemba kukhazikitsidwa kotseguka kwa AWDL ndikuyitcha (OWL). Kuti muthamangitse OWL, adaputala ya Wi-Fi iyenera kuthandizira mawonekedwe owunikira ndi jekeseni wa paketi, kotero simayendera pa hardware iliyonse. Tsambali lili ndi zitsanzo za kasinthidwe pa Raspberry pi. Izi zimagwira ntchito moyipa kwambiri kuposa AWDL yoyambirira, mwachitsanzo, nthawi yolumikizira imakulitsidwa ndi ~ masekondi 10 m'malo mwa masekondi angapo apachiyambi, koma imagwira ntchito.
Komanso, anyamatawa adalemba kuyambira pachiyambi kukhazikitsidwa kwa protocol ya AirDrop ku Python, yotchedwa . Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi OWL kukhazikitsa AirDrop pa Linux komanso ndi AWDL yoyambirira pa macOS.
Momwe mungayendetsere kudzera pa AirDrop
Mkhalidwe wofananira ndikugudubuza kudzera pa AirDrop
Chiphunzitso chokwanira chotopetsa, ndi nthawi yoti muyambe kuchita. Chifukwa chake muli ndi zida zonse zofunikira ndipo mwakonzeka kupita patsogolo ndikukweza mipira pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba.
Choyamba muyenera kukumbukira mfundo zazikulu:
- AirDrop imagwira ntchito ngati foniyo sikiyidwa - ndibwino ngati chandamale chikuyang'ana foni nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika m'malo otopetsa, mwachitsanzo mu metro.
- Pakufunika nthawi - nthawi zambiri, kutembenuka kwabwino kumachitika pa chithunzi cha 3-5 chotumizidwa, kotero mumafunika mphindi 5 za nthawi yabata pamalo amodzi. Ndikuwona kutembenuka kwabwino kukhala nthawi yomwe mudavomera kudzera pa AirDrop kuti mupitilize kulankhulana ndi mesenjala. Izi ndizovuta kukhazikitsa pa ntchentche, chifukwa sizidziwikiratu kuti ndani adalandira malipiro anu, ndipo mwinamwake mudzatenthedwa musanagwirizane pa chinachake.
- Zopanga mwamakonda zimagwira ntchito bwino - Ndimatcha payload zomwe mumatumiza kudzera pa AirDrop. Chithunzi chokha chokhala ndi meme sichingapite kulikonse; zomwe zilimo ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi momwe zinthu zilili komanso kuyitanidwa kuti achitepo kanthu.
The tingachipeze powerenga njira - basi foni
Oyenera aliyense amene ali ndi iPhone, sikutanthauza luso lililonse lapadera kupatula anthu ocheza nawo. Timasinthira AirDrop kukhala aliyense ndikutsikira ku subway. Patsiku labwinobwino (ndisanadzipatula) m'galimoto ya metro ya ku Moscow, ndidawona chonga ichi:
Mndandanda wa zolinga
Monga mukuonera, pafupifupi mafoni onse amaulutsa dzina la mwiniwake, momwe tingadziwire mosavuta jenda lake ndikukonzekera malipiro oyenera.
Malipiro
Monga ndalembera pamwambapa, malipiro apadera amagwira ntchito bwino. Momwemo, chithunzicho chiyenera kutchula mwiniwake ndi dzina. M'mbuyomu, ndimayenera kufotokoza zaluso pogwiritsa ntchito chojambula chojambula muzolemba ndi mtundu wina wa mafoni a Photoshop stub. Chotsatira chake, panthawi yomwe chithunzi chofunikira chinajambula, kunali kofunikira kale kutuluka m'galimoto.
Mnzanga Anya , makamaka pa pempho langa, adalemba telegalamu bot yomwe imapanga zithunzi zofunikira ndi mawu omveka pa ntchentche: . Ndimamuthokoza kwambiri chifukwa choti tsopano ndimatha kugubuduza mipira mwaukadaulo kuposa kale.
Ndikokwanira kutumiza bot mzere wamalemba, ndipo ipanga mawonekedwe a chithunzi chomwe chimagwirizana ndendende ndi chiwonetsero chazithunzi pawindo la AirDrop. Mutha kusankha munthu pachithunzichi podina mabatani. Mukhozanso kusankha kuwonjezera malowedwe anu a Telegraph pa chithunzi chomwe chili pakona.
Payload jenereta
Choyipa kwambiri chinali chakuti chithunzicho chinawonetsedwa nthawi yomweyo pazenera la wozunzidwa popanda kuchitapo kanthu. Simunachite ngakhale kudina "kuvomereza". Mutha kuwona momwe zimakhalira pankhope pokweza katunduyo. Tsoka ilo, kuyambira pa iOS 13, zithunzi zochokera kwa anthu osadziwika siziwonetsedwanso pazenera. Izi ndi zomwe zinkawoneka kale:
Malipiro amaperekedwa pa iOS β€12
Tsopano, m'malo mowoneratu, ndi dzina lokha la chipangizo cha wotumiza. Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo yolumikizirana ndi wozunzidwa ndi iOS β₯13 ndi dzina ndikuyiyika pazokonda pazida zanu, mwachitsanzo, imbani foni "Yulia, moni." Malangizo: Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito emoji m'dzina la chipangizocho. Zoonadi, njirayi si yowala ngati chithunzi, koma imawonjezera kwambiri mwayi wodula batani "kuvomereza".
Kufotokozera kwina kwazomwe zachitikazo sikungatheke ndi nkhani yaukadaulo ndipo zimangotengera malingaliro anu, kusintha komanso nthabwala. Ndikhoza kunena kuti omwe amalowa nawo masewerawa ndikuyamba kukuyankhani ndi zithunzi kapena kutumiza zolemba nthawi zambiri amakhala okondwa, omasuka komanso osangalatsa. Awo amene, atatha kuyangβana chithunzicho, samayankha, kapena choipitsitsa, amangokana uthengawo, kaΕ΅irikaΕ΅iri amakhala otopetsa ndi otukwana. Chochititsa mantha nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi gawo: anthu osalimba, amantha amawopa kuyanjana ndi mlendo wodzikuza wosadziwika.
Makina osankha okha
Ngati ndinu waulesi kwambiri kuti mupange ndikutumiza zolipirira pamanja, ndipo mukufuna kusinthiratu ntchitoyi, mutha kupanga makina osankha mawu, omwe kumbuyo kwake amatumiza zithunzi kudzera pa AirDrop kwa aliyense yemwe ali pakati. Tidzagwiritsa ntchito rasipiberi pi zero ngati nsanja ya hardware, koma kompyuta iliyonse yokhala ndi Linux idzachita, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti khadi la Wi-Fi limathandizira mawonekedwe owunikira ndi jekeseni wa paketi.
Wotumiza wolankhula kudzera pa Airdrop kutengera rasipiberi pi zero w + UPS Lite chishango cha batri
Pali mapulogalamu a AirDrop osefukira a Jailbreak iPhones, amagwira ntchito mokhazikika kuposa matembenuzidwe otseguka pa rasipiberi pi.
Kukhazikitsa OWL pa rasipiberi pi akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pa , koma ndimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito Kali Linux kumanga kwa Raspberry Pi Zero chifukwa ili ndi zigamba za nexmon zomwe zayikidwa kuti zithandizire mawonekedwe a Wi-Fi pa rpi0.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti Airdrop (kapena m'malo AWDL) imatsegulidwa kwa odwala pokhapokha atalandira paketi ya BLE. Choncho, tiyenera kutumiza pa intervals masekondi angapo. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyo . Pogwiritsa ntchito start_le_advertising() ntchito, ndimatumiza chingwe kuchokera ku zitsanzo za apple bleee: 000000000000000001123412341234123400.
Mukakhala ndi daemon ya OWL yogwira ntchito, mutha kuyambitsa foloko yanga . Pali script m'nkhokwe flooder.py, zomwe zimatumiza aliyense chithunzi kak_dela.jpeg.
Malinga ndi zomwe ndawonera, rasipiberi pi zero w ndi yosakhazikika pamawonekedwe owunika. Pambuyo pa mphindi 20 zogwira ntchito zosefukira, makina a Wi-Fi amawonongeka. Vutoli likufotokozedwa ndi wolemba , ndipo mwina amayamba chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kupereka wowonera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokhazikika
Maniacello mode - Ndikudziwa nambala yanu
Ngati mukufuna kudziwonetsa ngati munthu wosakwanira komanso kulepheretsa chikhumbo chofuna kupitiriza kulankhulana nanu, mukhoza kuyesa kupeza nambala ya foni ya munthu amene ali pafupi.
Monga taphunzirira kale, mapaketi a BLE omwe adatumizidwa ndi woyambitsa amakhala ndi ma byte atatu oyamba a nambala yafoni ya sha256. Hashi iyi imatha kugwidwa pamene wozunzidwayo akudina batani la "share" ndikuyamba kuyang'ana zida za airdrop kapena kugwiritsira ntchito mawu achinsinsi a Wi-Fi pa intaneti yatsopano mu gawo lolowetsamo (motere, Apple imayang'ana mabwenzi omwe mungawafunse. password ya network).
Muyenera kuyambitsa uthenga wa hashi kuchokera kwa wozunzidwayo ndikuwugwira. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera kumalo osungirako zinthu . Popeza ma adilesi a Bluetooth MAC pazida amakhala mwachisawawa komanso akusintha mosalekeza, muyenera kupeza njira ina yodziwira chipangizo chomwe mukufuna pamndandandawu. Ntchitoyi imakhala yosavuta chifukwa iOS imawulutsa momwe foni ilili pano monga: chophimba, chophimba, loko chophimba, kutsegulidwa, ndi zina. Chifukwa chake, pongowona zochita za wozunzidwayo, mutha kuyerekeza momwe chipangizocho chilili ndi chipangizo chomwe chili patebulo. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kugwira nthawi yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatulutsa foni m'thumba mwake, kuyatsa chinsalu ndikutsegula foni ndi chala kapena nkhope yake. Zonsezi zitha kuwoneka m'mutu wamtsogolo.
chizindikirochi Π₯ zikutanthauza kuti paketi yokhala ndi ma hashes a foni idagwidwa.
Zolemba zawo nthawi zina zimasweka, koma nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito. Sindidzafotokozanso zomwe zili pachiwopsezo, popeza zidawunikiridwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi olemba a Apple Blee, ndingofotokoza zomwe ndakumana nazo. Ndingonena kuti ndimagwiritsa ntchito adaputala ya USB Bluetooth pa chipangizo cha CSR 8510, popeza imagwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa ine kuposa adaputala ya Bluetooth yomangidwa mu MacBook ndikuyika mu makina enieni.
Chifukwa chake tidagwira hashi kuchokera pafoni ya wozunzidwayo ndikulandila ma byte atatu omwe amasilira kuchokera ku hashi ya nambala yafoni.
Paketi ya BLE yolandidwa yokhala ndi nambala yafoni hashi pogwiritsa ntchito chida
Tikudziwa kuti ku Russia manambala onse am'manja amayamba ndi nambala +79 ndipo, mwina, foni ya wozunzidwayo ili ndi nambala yomweyo. Zikuoneka kuti tili ndi manambala osiyanasiyana kuyambira +79000000000 mpaka +79999999999, pafupifupi biliyoni.
Kuti tichepetse kuchuluka, timatenga ma code okha omwe amalembetsedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense ndikutaya ena onse. Zotsatira zake, mtunduwo umakhala theka lalikulu, pafupifupi theka la biliyoni.
Kenako, timapanga sha256 kuchokera ku manambala onse ndikusunga ma byte atatu okha kuchokera ku hashi iliyonse. Timalowetsa mndandandawu mu database ya Sqlite ndikupanga index kuti tifulumizitse kusaka.
Izi ndi zomwe data yomwe ili mu database imawonekera:
Nambala zonse za foni zaku Russia ndi ma byte atatu oyamba a hashi
Chotsatira, pokhala ndi hashi ya wozunzidwayo, tikhoza kufufuza machesi onse mu database. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala machesi 15-30 pa hashi iliyonse.
Manambala onse omwe amafanana ndi hashi ya wozunzidwayo
Mwachiwonekere, si manambala onsewa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni. Titha kudula zosafunikira pogwiritsa ntchito pempho la HLR kapena SMS yosaoneka. Mwa manambala 30, 5 adapezeka pa intaneti.
Zotsatira za pempho la HLR. Nambala za netiweki zimawonetsedwa zobiriwira.
Nditha kupitiliza kusefa manambala, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera onse ku Telegraph / whatsapp ndikuyang'ana ma avatar, fufuzani nkhokwe monga Getcontact ndi zina zotero. Koma zidakhala zosavuta kungoyimba manambala onse asanu imodzi ndi imodzi ndikuwonera foni ya wozunzidwayo ikaita.
Cholinga chapezeka
Zonse
- Madzi osefukira pa rasipiberi pi ndi osakhazikika, muyenera kuyesa matabwa ena amodzi.
- Madzi osefukira a iOS angakhale abwinoko, koma sindinapeze imodzi yomwe imagwira ntchito pa iOS 12-13 ngakhale ndi ndende.
- Zolemba za flooder.py ndizopusa kwambiri. Itha kupanga chithunzi chamunthu potenga dzina kuchokera pazida za wolandila ndikudula mawu akuti iPhone.
- Njira yodziwira nambala yafoni ikhoza kukonzedwa poyang'ana kuti chiwerengerocho chikugwirizana ndi iMessage. Izi zitha kukupatsani pafupifupi 100% kugunda.
Pomaliza
Izi ndiye zosangalatsa zabwino za metro. Pali wow zotsatira, anthu achidwi ndi chidwi ndi izi. Panali zosinthika zambiri, panali milandu yoseketsa kwambiri. Zikuoneka kuti anthu ambiri ali okonzeka kusewera limodzi ngakhale kuletsa mapulani awo kuti atsike pa siteshoni yanu ya metro ndikupita kukamwa khofi. Mβkupita kwa chaka, ndinakumana ndi anthu ambiri ndipo ndikupitirizabe kulankhula ndi ena a iwo.
Nthawi zina ndimatseka malowedwe a Telegraph ndikusangalala .
Source: www.habr.com