Ndawona cholakwika ichi (kapena, ngati mukufuna, kusiyana) ndikuyang'ana kumasulira kwa NETGEAR. Zoona zake nβzakuti pomasulira mawuwa "thumba" m'pofunika kuganizira kumasulira kwa amene wogulitsa amatsatira - Cisco kapena HP, chifukwa pali tanthauzo losiyana kwambiri laukadaulo pakati pawo.
Tiyeni timvetse bwino.
Tiyeni tiwone vuto pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zotsatirazi:
1 Cisco
2.HP
Wowerenga mwachidwi adzazindikira zimenezo "thumba" ali ndi tanthauzo losiyana mu zitsanzo izi.
Tiyeni tikumbe.
Cisco version
Cisco pansi "thunthu'om' amamvetsa njira yoloza ndi nsonga (njira yolumikizirana yolumikiza zida ziwiri), yomwe imagwirizanitsa chosinthira ndi chipangizo china cha intaneti, monga chosinthira china kapena rauta. Ntchito yake ndi dutsani ma VLAN angapo kudzera panjira imodzi ndikuwapatsa mwayi wofikira pa netiweki yonse. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "thumba", zomwe ziri zomveka.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chiyani VLAN?
Zithunzi za VLAN akuyimira Netiweki yapafupi yapafupi kapena netiweki yapafupi. Uwu ndiukadaulo womwe umakupatsani mwayi wogawa maukonde amodzi kukhala angapo omveka omwe amagwira ntchito mosadalira wina ndi mnzake. Mwachitsanzo, pali kampani Dipatimenti ya Human Resources, kuwerengera ndalama ΠΈ Dipatimenti ya IT. Amakhala ndi masiwichi awo, omwe amalumikizidwa kudzera pa switch yapakati kupita ku netiweki imodzi, ndipo ndi maukonde a madipatimenti awa omwe amafunika kupatulidwa wina ndi mnzake. Ndipamene ukadaulo wa VLAN umabwera kudzapulumutsa.
Umu ndi momwe netiweki imawonekera, yogawidwa kukhala ma VLAN (ma intaneti enieni).
Nthawi zambiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza VLAN.
Chifukwa chake madoko omwe ali ndi zobiriwira ali mu VLAN imodzi, ndipo madoko omwe ali ndi zofiira ali mumtundu wina. Ndiye makompyuta omwe ali mu VLAN yemweyo amatha kulankhulana kokha ndi wina ndi mzake, koma sangathe ndi makompyuta a VLAN ina.
Kusintha kwa tebulo losinthira mu VLAN
Popanga ma VLAN, gawo lina limawonjezedwa patebulo losinthira ma switch, momwe zizindikiritso za VLAN zimawonetsedwa. Zosavuta zikuwoneka motere:
Apa tikuwona kuti madoko 1 ndi 2 ndi a VLAN 2, ndipo madoko 3 ndi 4 ndi a VLAN 10.
Chitani zomwezo. Pa data link layer, data imatumizidwa mu mawonekedwe a mafelemu (mafelemu). Mukatumiza mafelemu kuchokera ku switch imodzi kupita ku ina, pakufunika zambiri za VLAN yomwe chimango china chake ndi chake. Chidziwitsochi chikuwonjezedwa ku chimango chofalitsidwa. Pakadali pano, muyezo wotseguka umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa izi. IEEE 802.1Q. Kusinthika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chimango mu VLAN
- Kompyutayo imapanga ndikutumiza chimango chokhazikika (chimango, chomwe chimatchedwanso paketi pamlingo wolumikizira, mwachitsanzo, pamlingo wosinthira)popanda kuwonjezera kalikonse. Fungo ili likuwoneka motere:
- Chosinthira chimalandira chimango. Mogwirizana ndi tebulo losinthira, limamvetsetsa kuti chimangocho chinachokera pa kompyuta iti komanso kuti ndi VLAN yanji kompyutayi. Ndiye lophimba palokha akuwonjezera utumiki zambiri chimango, otchedwa tag. Chizindikiro ndi gawo pambuyo pa adilesi ya MAC ya wotumiza, yomwe ili ndi nambala ya VLAN. Umu ndi momwe chimango chokhala ndi tag chimawonekera:
Kusinthako kumatumiza chimango ichi ku switch ina.
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Kusintha komwe kumalandira chimango kumatulutsa zambiri za VLAN kuchokera pamenepo, ndiko kuti, kumamvetsetsa kuti chimangochi chiyenera kutumizidwa ku kompyuta iti, chimachotsa zidziwitso zonse zautumiki pa chimango ndikuzitumiza ku kompyuta ya wolandila.
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Chimango chimafika pakompyuta ya wolandira popanda chidziwitso chilichonse chautumiki.
Tsopano tiyeni tibwerere kwathuthunthu'uwu'. Sinthani madoko omwe amathandizira ma VLAN amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
- Madoko olembedwa (kapena madoko a thunthu Ρ Cisco)
- Madoko osadziwika (kapena kulowa madoko)
Timakonda madoko olembedwa kapena ma doko akuluakulu. Amatumikira ndendende doko limodzi zinali zotheka kutumiza deta ya osiyana VLAN ndi kulandira deta kuchokera ku VLAN zingapo pa doko limodzi (Timakumbukira kuti nthawi zambiri madoko ochokera ku VLAN osiyanasiyana samawonana).
M'chithunzichi, madoko olembedwa ndi nambala 21 ΠΈ 22, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa masiwichi awiri. Mafelemu, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pakompyuta, adzadutsa mwa iwo Π ku kompyuta Π, zomwe zili mu VLAN yomweyi, malinga ndi ndondomeko yomwe tafotokozayi.
Chifukwa chake, njira yolumikizirana pakati pa madoko awa ndi Cisco ndicho chimene chimatchedwa"thunthu'ohm'.
Mtundu HP
Kodi kampaniyo imatanthauzira bwanji mawu awa?
Sitikulankhula za VLAN pano konse. Ngati HP tikulankhula zaukadaulo wophatikiza njira. Ali ndi "thumba" - ndi njira yomveka, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa njira zingapo zakuthupi. Kuphatikiza uku kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera kutulutsa ndi kudalirika kwa njirayo. Tiyeni tione ndi chitsanzo. Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi masiwichi awiri, iliyonse ili ndi madoko anayi ndipo madokowa amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi mawaya anayi.
Ngati musiya zonse momwe zilili - zolumikizirana pakati pa masiwichi - ndiye kuti maulalo awa azitumizana mafelemu mozungulira, mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe. malupu (ndipo mafelemu owulutsa adzabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza, ndikubweretsa masiwichi mumkuntho wowulutsa).
Kulumikizana kobwerezabwereza kotereku kumaganiziridwa zosafunikira, ndipo ayenera kuchotsedwa, STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) ilipo chifukwa cha ichi. Kenako pamalumikizidwe athu anayi, STP idzazimitsa atatu chifukwa imawawona ngati osafunikira, ndipo kulumikizana kumodzi kokha kudzatsala.
Chifukwa chake, ngati tiphatikiza njira zinayi zakuthupi, padzakhala njira imodzi yomveka yokhala ndi bandwidth yowonjezereka pakati pa ma switch (liwiro lalikulu la kufalitsa uthenga panjira yolumikizirana pagawo la nthawi). Ndiko kuti, ma tchanelo anayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi, ndipo vuto la maulumikizidwe ochulukirapo limathetsedwa. Ndi njira yomveka (yophatikiza) yomwe imatchedwa HP "thunthu'ohm'.
Kuphatikizika kwa ulalo kumatha kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa masiwichi awiri, chosinthira ndi rauta. Ma tchanelo ofikira asanu ndi atatu atha kuphatikizidwa kukhala njira imodzi yomveka bwino. Ndikofunikira kuti madoko onse omwe aphatikizidwa kukhala njira yophatikizika akhale ndi magawo ofanana:
- mtundu wapakatikati yopatsira (zopindika, ma fiber optical, etc.),
- liwiro,
- control flow ndi duplex mode.
Ngati limodzi la madoko pa ulalo wophatikizika likulephera, ulalowo upitiliza kugwira ntchito. Madoko a njira yophatikizika amawonedwa ngati gawo limodzi, lomwe limafanana ndi lingaliro la njira yomveka.
Ndipo kuti tifotokoze bwino chithunzicho, tikuwona kuti teknoloji yotereyi ili nayo Cisco wotchedwa EtherChannel. EtherChannel - ukadaulo wophatikiza njira wopangidwa ndi Cisco. Tanthauzo ndilofanana, limakupatsani mwayi wophatikiza njira zingapo za Ethernet zakuthupi kukhala imodzi yomveka.
Choncho mawu thunthu limamasuliridwa kutengera nkhani motere:
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mu zolemba zosintha Cisco - thumba lalikulu, doko lolembedwa, doko la thunthu;
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mu zolemba zosintha HP - doko lophatikizana, njira yophatikizika.
Ngati mukufuna kumvetsetsa mutuwo mwatsatanetsatane, pansipa pali mndandanda wazinthu zochepa.
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Cisco: (kapena monga izi:
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HB:
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VLAN:
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Kuphatikiza ma Channel:
Source: www.habr.com