Zolemba zoyamba za mawonekedwe a CFP optical pluggable modules zinayamba kuwonekera pafupifupi zaka 5-6 zapitazo. Panthawiyo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo mu makina opangira ma multiplexing kunali kwatsopano ndipo kunali njira yothetsera vutoli. Tsopano, patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ma module awa adalowa m'dziko la telecom ndipo akupitiriza kutchuka. Zomwe iwo ali, momwe amasiyanirana ndi zomwe amapereka potengera iwo (ndipo ndithudi zithunzi pansi pa owononga) - zonsezi ziri pansi pa odulidwa. Kuti muwerenge nkhaniyi, mufunika kumvetsetsa mfundo zazikuluzikulu za machitidwe a DWDM.
Ulendo wamfupi wam'mbuyomu.
Zakale, mawonekedwe oyambirira a ma modules optical pluggable omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chotumizira cha 100G chinali CFP, ndipo inakhalanso njira yoyamba yothetsera CFP-WDM. Panthawiyo panali njira ziwiri pamsika:
1. CFP kuchokera (yomwe tsopano ndi gawo la IPG photonics) imakulolani kuti mutumize mayendedwe a 4 osiyana a 28Gbps pamzere mu gridi yokhazikika ya DWDM 50GHz pogwiritsa ntchito pulse modulation. Sizinapezeke kutchuka, ngakhale kwenikweni zinali ndi mwayi wosangalatsa womanga ma metro network. Sitiganiziranso ma module oterowo m'nkhaniyi.
2. CFP kuchokera kwa apainiya - Acacia , yomangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wozindikira panthawiyo pogwiritsa ntchito DP-QPSK modulation.
Kupambana kwa ma module kuchokera ku Acacia kunali chiyani: - iyi inali gawo loyamba lamakampani lomwe limapereka njira yosiyana ya 50GHz 100Gbit DP-QPSK
- zosinthika kwathunthu mu C-band
Izi zisanachitike, mayankho oterowo nthawi zonse amawoneka ngati chonchi: mzere wa laser unali chinthu chosachotsedwa pa bolodi, pomwe panali cholumikizira chimodzi chokha cha kasitomala optical module. Zinkawoneka motere:
Ndikukumbutseni kuti nthawi imeneyo inali 2013.
Mtundu woterewu udalowa m'malo mwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa DWDM wamtundu wamtundu wapa transponder womwe umagwira ntchito mu C-band, yomwe imatha kukulitsidwa, kuchulukitsa, ndi zina zambiri.
Tsopano mfundo zomanga maukonde ogwirizana zakhala muyezo wa zomangamanga m'makampani ndipo izi sizingadabwitse aliyense, ndipo kachulukidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makina ophatikizira owoneka bwino awonjezeka nthawi zambiri.
Zigawo za module
Gawo lawo loyamba (Acacia) linali mtundu wa CFP-ACO. Pansipa pali chidule cha momwe ma module a CFP amasiyanirana. Koma kuti muchite izi, choyamba muyenera kupanga kamutu kakang'ono ndikutiuza pang'ono za DSP, yomwe m'njira zambiri ndi mtima waukadaulo uwu.
pang'ono za module ndi DSPModule nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zigawo zingapo
- Narrowband tunable laser
- Coherent Dual Polarization Modulator
- Digital to analog converter (DAC/ADC) ndi DAC yomwe imasintha chizindikiro cha digito kukhala chizindikiro cha kuwala ndi kumbuyo.
- Digital signal processor (DSP) - imabwezeretsanso chidziwitso chothandiza kuchokera ku siginecha, ndikuchotsamo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chizindikiro chothandiza pakufalitsa. Makamaka:
- Chromatic dispersion compensation (CMD). Komanso, malipiro ake a masamu ali ndi malire. Ndipo izi ndizabwino, chifukwa kubweza kwa CMD nthawi zonse kwadzetsa mavuto ambiri, chifukwa kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa zotsatira zopanda mzere mu ulusi. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za zotsatira zopanda malire pa intaneti kapena mu
- Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) chipukuta misozi. Kulipira kumapezekanso m'njira ya masamu, koma chifukwa cha zovuta za chikhalidwe cha PMD, iyi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri ndipo ndi PMD yomwe tsopano ndi imodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zochepetsera machitidwe a optical optical (kuphatikiza pa kuchepetsedwa). ndi zotsatira zopanda malire).
DSP Imagwira ntchito pazithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri, m'machitidwe aposachedwa awa ndi liwiro la dongosolo la 69 Gbaud.
Ndiye amasiyana bwanji?
Ma module ophatikizika amasiyanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi malo a DSP:
- CFP-ACO - Gawo lokhalo la kuwala lili pa module. Zamagetsi zonse zili pa bolodi (khadi; bolodi) la zida zomwe gawoli layikidwa. Panthawiyo, panalibe ukadaulo womwe ungalole kuyika DSP mkati mwa module ya optical. Kwenikweni, awa ndi ma module a m'badwo woyamba.
- CFP-DCO - Pankhaniyi, DSP ili mu gawo kuwala palokha. Module ndi "boxed solution" wathunthu. Awa ndi ma module a m'badwo wachiwiri.
Kunja, ma modules ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndendende. Koma ali ndi kudzazidwa kosiyana, kumwa (DCO pafupifupi kawiri) ndi kutulutsa kutentha. Chifukwa chake, opanga mayankho amakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwina - ACO imalola kusakanikirana kozama kwa mayankho, DCO imakulolani kuti mupeze yankho "kunja kwa bokosi", pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la kuwala ngati njerwa ya Lego kuti mupange yankho lanu. Mfundo yosiyana ndi yakuti nthawi zambiri, ntchito ya awiri a DSPs ndi yotheka kuchokera kwa wopanga yemweyo. Izi zimayika zoletsa zina ndi .
Chisinthiko cha yankho
Popeza patsogolo saima ndi ikupanga miyezo yatsopano nthawi zonse, mawonekedwe aposachedwa kwambiri momwe zinali zotheka kuyika DSP ndi CFP2. Ndipotu iwo ali, ndikukhulupirira, ali pafupi ndi sitepe yotsatira. Nayi CFP4-ACOMwangozi ndinazipeza izi : Koma sindikudziwa zamalonda okhudzana ndi ma modules.
Fomu factor (CFP2) tsopano ndiyomwe imayang'anira zinthu zonse zamalonda zakunja. Izi ndi zolumikizira zomwe mwina mwaziwona pazida zapa telecom, ndipo ambiri amasokonezedwa ndi mfundo yoti zolumikizira izi ndizokulirapo kuposa QSFP28 zomwe ambiri amazidziwa. Tsopano mukudziwa imodzi mwa njira zowagwiritsira ntchito (koma ndi bwino kuwonjezera kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zingathe kugwira ntchito ndi CFP2-ACO / DCO).
kuyerekeza kwa zolumikizira za QSFP28 ndi CFP2 pogwiritsa ntchito Juniper AXC6160 monga chitsanzo
Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwapang'onopang'ono, njira zosinthira zikusinthanso. Zinthu zonse za CFP2-ACO/DCO zomwe ndikudziwa kuti zimathandizira osati kusintha kwa DP-QPSK, komanso QAM-8 / QAM-16. Ndicho chifukwa chake ma modules amatchedwa 100G / 200G. Wogula mwiniwakeyo akhoza kusankha kusinthasintha komwe kumamuyenerera malinga ndi ntchitozo. Posachedwapa, ma modules othandizira kuthamanga kwa 400G pa njira ya kuwala ayenera kuwonekera.
Kusintha kwa mayankho a Acacia
Komabe, nthawi zambiri, mayankho a Ultra long haul (ULH) amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osagwirizana ndi ma modular, omwe amapereka utali wautali, OSNR yabwinoko komanso milingo yayikulu yosinthira. Chifukwa chake, gawo lalikulu logwiritsira ntchito ma module ogwirizana makamaka ndi ma merto/regional network. Ngati muyang'ana , ndiye zikuwonekeratu kuti mwina ali nazo ziyembekezo zabwino:
Opanga DSP
Opanga padziko lonse lapansi ma DSP ogwirizana omwe amawagulitsa kumakampani ena ndi:
Opanga CFP2-ACO/DCO
Opanga ma module ogwirizana a ACO/DCO:
- CFP2-ACO; CFP2-DCO; Chithunzi cha CFP-DCO
- Oclaro (yopezedwa ndi Lumentum panthawi yolemba)
- CFP2-ACO ndi CFP2-DCO
- Chithunzi cha CFP-DCO
- CFP2-ACO; Mtengo wa CFP4-ACO
Poganizira kuti ena mwa makampaniwa ali mumkhalidwe wa ndi kupeza, msika wa opereka mayankho oterowo, zikuwoneka kwa ine, udzachepa. Kupanga ma module oterowo ndikupanga kwaukadaulo kovutirapo, kotero sikungatheke pakadali pano ndipo ndikuganiza kwa nthawi yayitali kuti ndigule kuchokera kwa ogulitsa mu Ufumu wakumwamba.
Zotsatira pamakampani
Kuwonekera kwa ma module oterowo kudapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha pang'ono kwachilengedwe kwamayankho omwe amaperekedwa pamsika.
- Choyamba
Opanga anayamba kuwagwiritsa ntchito mu njira zamakono (transponder) za DWDM, monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse. Atalandira bonasi ya modularity, kusinthasintha komanso kuchepetsa mtengo (mwa njira, mayankho otere nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ngati Alien Wavelength). Mwachitsanzo:
- (Juniper)
- (Infinera)
- Kachiwiri
opanga omwe akupereka kale zida zama telecom - ma switch ndi ma routers, akulitsa mtundu wawo wazinthu ndikuwonjezera chithandizo cha ma module ngati amenewa, kuphatikiza . Mwachitsanzo:
- Juniper (MX/QFX/ACX)
- Cisco (NCS/ASR)
- Nokia (SR)
- Arista (7500R)
- Edge-Core (Cassini AS7716-24SC)
Onse opanga omwe adatchulidwa kale ali ndi matabwa a ma routers kapena kusinthana muzitsulo zawo zomwe zimathandizira ma modules a CFP2.
- Payokha
Ndikoyenera kutchula zochitika zosangalatsa zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo polojekitiyi chimodzi mwazolinga zake ndi chitukuko . Kupanga maukonde oterowo kudzalola kuphatikizika kwa zida mumayendedwe owongolera magwero otseguka, kupanga kulumikizana pakati pa opanga makina owoneka bwino komanso otseguka. Kuonjezera apo, pazida zomwezo (zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito ma modules a DCO ndi ROADM / EDFA) zikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo. ). Chifukwa chake, zomwe zikuchitika m'zaka zaposachedwa zikadali kulumikizana kwa gawo la mayankho komanso kusiyanasiyana kwazomwe zachitika pamapulogalamu, momwe kubetcherana kwakukulu kumapangidwa pagwero lotseguka.
Zikomo chifukwa cha chidwi chanu, ndikukhulupirira kuti mwapeza nkhaniyi yosangalatsa komanso yothandiza. Mutha kufunsa mafunso owonjezera mu ndemanga kapena pamaso panu. Ngati muli ndi chilichonse chowonjezera pamutuwu, ndikhala wokondwa kwambiri.
Chithunzi chachikulu cha nkhaniyi chatengedwaKuchokera patsamba , ndikuyembekeza kuti sadandaula.
Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. chonde.
Kodi mumakonda mitu ya DWDM?
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Inde, iyi ndi ntchito yanga (kapena gawo lake)!
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Inde, nthawi zina zimakhala zosangalatsa kuwerenga za DYVYDYEM yanu iyi.
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Ayi, ndikuchita chiyani pano? (Travolta.gif)
Ogwiritsa 3 adavota. Palibe zodziletsa.
Source: www.habr.com