Zazinsinsi za Data, IoT ndi Mozilla WebThings

Kuchokera kwa womasulira: kubwereza mwachidule za nkhaniyiKuyika pakati pazida zanzeru zakunyumba (monga Apple Home Kit, Xiaomi ndi ena) ndizoyipa chifukwa:

1. Wogwiritsa ntchito amadalira wogulitsa wina, chifukwa zipangizo sizingathe kuyankhulana kunja kwa wopanga yemweyo;
2. Ogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito mwakufuna kwawo, osasiya kusankha kwa wogwiritsa ntchito;
3. Centralization imapangitsa wogwiritsa ntchito kukhala pachiwopsezo, chifukwa pakachitika chiwopsezo cha hacker, mamiliyoni a ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala pachiwopsezo nthawi imodzi.

Mozilla adachita kafukufuku pomwe adapeza:

1. Ogwiritsa ntchito ena ali okonzeka kusiya zinsinsi za data kuti athandize;
2. Ambiri amazoloŵera kukhala ndi deta yosonkhanitsidwa za iwo ndipo amadabwa pamene izi sizichitika;
3. Ambiri mwa ogwiritsa ntchito angafune kusiya kutsatiridwa, koma alibe chochita.

Mozilla ikupanga mulingo wawo wanzeru wakunyumba, ndipo ikulimbikitsa aliyense kuti asunthike ndikudzipatula. Zawo Chipata cha WebThings sichisonkhanitsa deta konse, ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito yokha.

Zambiri, maulalo, ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wa Mozilla zitsatira.

Zida zapakhomo zanzeru zimathandizira kuti moyo ukhale wosavuta, koma nthawi yomweyo, kuti ugwire ntchito, umafunika kuti upereke chiwongolero cha chidziwitso chanu kumakampani awo opanga. MU nkhani yaposachedwa от New York Times Privacy Project poteteza zinsinsi zapaintaneti, wolemba adalimbikitsa kugula zida za IoT pokhapokha wogwiritsa ntchito "akufuna kusiya zinsinsi zina kuti zimuthandize."

Uwu ndi upangiri wabwino chifukwa makampani omwe amayang'anira zida zanu zanzeru zakunyumba amadziwa kuti muli kunyumba, osati mukangowauza. Posachedwapa adzagwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni omwe amakhala akuyatsidwa nthawi zonse ndi kumvetsera kwenikweni kuyetsemula kulikonse, ndikukupatsani mankhwala ozizira kuchokera kwa ogulitsa omwe ali nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kufuna kuti deta isamutsidwe ndikukonzedwanso pamaseva ake omwe amachepetsa kuthekera kwa nsanja zosiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane. Makampani otsogola adzachotsa kuthekera kwa ogula kusankha matekinoloje omwe akufuna.

Ku Mozilla, timakhulupirira kuti wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu pazida zawo. и deta yomwe zipangizozi zimapanga. Inu ayenera kukhala ndi deta ndiwe muyenera kulamulira kumene iwo akupita, ndiwe akhale ndi mwayi sinthani mbiri yanu ngati ili yolakwika.

Mozilla WebThings ayenera kukhala zachinsinsi pa mlingo wa zomangamanga, mndandanda wa mfundo zochokera Dr. Ann Cavoulian, zomwe zimaganizira kusunga chinsinsi cha deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito panthawi yonse ya mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala. Kuyika zofunikira za anthu pamwamba pa phindu, tikupangira njira ina yofikira pa intaneti ya Zinthu yomwe ili yachinsinsi ndipo imapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera deta yawo.

Malingaliro a ogwiritsa ntchito pazachinsinsi komanso IoT

Tisanayang'ane kamangidwe ka WebThings, tiyeni tikambirane za momwe ogwiritsa ntchito amaganizira zachinsinsi pazida zanzeru zakunyumba, komanso chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupatsa mphamvu anthu kuti aziyang'anira.

Masiku ano, mukagula chipangizo chanzeru chakunyumba, mumapeza luso lowongolera ndikuwunika nyumba yanu kudzera pa intaneti. Mutha kuzimitsa magetsi kunyumba mukakhala muofesi. Mutha kuyang'ana kuti muwone ngati chitseko cha garage chasiyidwa chotseguka. Kafukufuku Wam'mbuyo adawonetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito mosasamala (ndipo nthawi zina mwachangu) amavomereza kusinthanitsa zinsinsi kuti zithandizire kasamalidwe kanyumba. Pamene wogwiritsa ntchito alibe njira ina yopezera mwayi posinthanitsa ndi kutayika kwachinsinsi, amavomereza monyinyirika kusinthanitsa koteroko.

Komabe, pamene anthu akugula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zapakhomo, sizikutanthauza kuti ali omasuka kukhala ndi momwe zilili. Kafukufuku wina waposachedwa wa ogwiritsa ntchito adapeza izi Pafupifupi theka (45%) la eni nyumba anzeru 188 anali ndi nkhawa ndi chinsinsi kapena chitetezo cha zida zawo..

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa ogwiritsa ntchito

Kumapeto kwa 2018, gulu lathu la ofufuza lidachita kafukufuku wa diary, momwe ogwiritsa ntchito 11 ochokera ku US ndi UK adatenga nawo mbali. Tinkafuna kudziwa momwe polojekiti yathu ya WebThings ilili yabwino komanso yothandiza. Tidapatsa aliyense wotenga nawo mbali Raspberry Pi yokhala ndi WebThings 0.5 yoyikiratu ndi zida zingapo zanzeru.

Zida zanzeru zimaperekedwa kuti aphunzire nawo

Tidawona (patsamba kapena pavidiyo) momwe aliyense wa ophunzira adadutsa gawo lonse loyika ndi makonda anzeru kunyumba. Kenako tinapempha otenga nawo mbali kuti asunge diary kuti alembe momwe amachitira ndi nyumba yanzeru, komanso mavuto aliwonse omwe adabuka m'njira. Patapita milungu iwiri, tinakambirana ndi wophunzira aliyense za maganizo awo. Otenga nawo mbali angapo, omwe lingaliro la nyumba yanzeru linali latsopano, anali okondwa ndi kuthekera kwa IoT kufewetsa ntchito zanthawi zonse; ena anakhumudwa chifukwa chosowa kudalirika kwa zipangizo zina. Malingaliro a ena onse anali penapake pakati: ogwiritsa ntchito amafuna kupanga ma algorithms ndi malamulo ovuta kwambiri, ndipo amafuna kuti pulogalamu ya smartphone ilandire zidziwitso.

Kuphatikiza apo, taphunzira za momwe amaonera kusonkhanitsa deta. Chodabwitsa chathu, onse 11 omwe adatenga nawo gawo adatsimikiza kuti tikusonkhanitsa zambiri za iwo.. Iwo aphunzira kale kuyembekezera kusonkhanitsa deta koteroko, chifukwa ichi ndi chitsanzo chomwe chimakhala pa nsanja zambiri ndi mautumiki apa intaneti. Ena mwa omwe adatenga nawo mbali adakhulupirira kuti deta idasonkhanitsidwa kuti zithandizire kukonza kapena kufufuza. Komabe, ataphunzira kuti palibe deta yomwe ikusonkhanitsidwa ponena za iwo, awiri mwa ophunzirawo adapeza mpumulo - anali ndi chifukwa chimodzi chocheperako chodera nkhawa kuti deta yawo idzagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika m'tsogolomu.

motsutsana, panali otenga nawo mbali omwe sanali okhudzidwa konse ndi kusonkhanitsa deta: amakhulupirira kuti makampani alibe chidwi ndi chidziwitso chochepa chotere, monga kuyatsa kapena kuzimitsa babu. Sanaone zotsatira za momwe deta yosonkhanitsira ingagwiritsire ntchito motsutsana nawo. Izi zidatiwonetsa kuti tikuyenera kuchita ntchito yabwino yowonetsera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zomwe akunja angaphunzire kuchokera ku data kuchokera kunyumba yanu yanzeru. Mwachitsanzo, sikovuta kudziwa ngati simuli kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito deta yochokera ku sensa ya pakhomo.

Zipika za sensa ya pakhomo zimatha kusonyeza pamene wina palibe

Kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu, taphunzira zomwe anthu amaganiza pazinsinsi za data yopangidwa ndi nyumba zanzeru. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngati palibe njira ina, iwo ali okonzeka kupereka chinsinsi kuti atonthozedwe. Ndipo ena samakhudzidwa ndi zachinsinsi, osawona zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kusonkhanitsa deta. Ife timakhulupirira zimenezo chinsinsi chiyenera kukhala choyenera kwa aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe cha anthu kapena luso laukadaulo. Tsopano tikuuzani momwe timachitira izi.

Kugawikana kwa kasamalidwe ka data kumapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito zinsinsi

Opanga zida zanzeru zapanyumba apanga zinthu zawo kuti ziwathandize kwambiri kuposa makasitomala. Pogwiritsa ntchito stack wamba wa IoT, pomwe zida sizimatha kulumikizana mosavuta, zimatha kupanga chithunzi chodalirika cha machitidwe a ogwiritsa ntchito, zokonda ndi zochita kuchokera pazomwe adasonkhanitsa pa seva zawo.

Tengani chitsanzo chosavuta cha babu lanzeru. Mumagula babu ndikutsitsa pulogalamu ya smartphone. Mungafunike kukhazikitsa chipangizo chotumizira deta kuchokera pa bulbu kupita pa intaneti, ndipo mwinamwake kukhazikitsa "kulembetsa kwa akaunti ya ogwiritsa ntchito mumtambo" ndi wopanga mababu kuti aziyang'anira kunyumba kapena kutali. Tsopano lingalirani zaka zisanu kuchokera pano mutayika zida zambiri kapena mazana anzeru - zida zapanyumba, zida zopulumutsira mphamvu, masensa, makina otetezera. Ndi mapulogalamu ndi maakaunti angati omwe mudzakhala nawo panthawiyo?

Njira yamakono yogwiritsira ntchito ikufuna kuti mupereke deta yanu kwa makampani opanga kuti zipangizo zanu zizigwira ntchito bwino. Izi, zimafuna kuti muzigwira ntchito ndi zida ndi ntchito zochokera kumakampani awa - mwanjira zotere nkhokwe zokhala ndi mipanda.

Yankho la Mozilla limabwezeretsa deta m'manja mwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Pa Mozilla WebThings, palibe ma seva amtambo amakampani omwe amasunga zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito mamiliyoni ambiri. Zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito zimasungidwa kunyumba ya wogwiritsa ntchito. Zosunga zobwezeretsera zitha kusungidwa kulikonse. Kufikira kwakutali kwa zida kumachitika kuchokera ku mawonekedwe amodzi. Wogwiritsa safunikira kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ambiri, ndipo deta yonse imayendetsedwa kudzera mu subdomain yachinsinsi ndi HTTPS encryption, yomwe wopangidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito mwiniwake .

Deta yokhayo yomwe Mozilla imalandira ndi pomwe tsamba laling'ono limayang'ana seva yathu pakusintha kwa WebThings. Wogwiritsa ntchito sangapatse zida mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti konse ndikuwongolera komweko.

Kugawidwa kwa zipata za WebThings kumatanthauza kuti wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense ali ndi "data center" yakeyake. Khomo limakhala dongosolo lapakati lamanjenje lanyumba. Pamene owerenga 'anzeru chipangizo deta amasungidwa kunyumba kwawo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa hackers kupeza angapo wosuta deta nthawi imodzi. Njira yogawanitsa anthu imapereka maubwino awiri akulu: chinsinsi chonse cha zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi kusungidwa kotetezedwa kumbuyo kwa encryption yabwino kwambiri.https.

Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikufanizira njira ya Mozilla ndi ya wopanga zida zanzeru zapanyumba.

Kuyerekeza njira ya Mozilla ndi wopanga nyumba wanzeru

Njira ya Mozilla imapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito njira ina yofananira ndi zomwe akupereka pano ndikuwonetsetsa zachinsinsi chawo и kusavuta kwa zida za IoT.

Ntchito zoonjezera za kugawa mayiko

Popanga Mozilla WebThings, tidapatula dala anthu ogwiritsa ntchito ku maseva omwe angatole data yawo, kuphatikiza ma seva athu a Mozilla, popereka yankho logwirizana ndi IoT. Lingaliro lathu losasonkhanitsa deta ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ntchito yathu ndipo limazindikiranso chidwi chomwe gulu lathu likuchita ndiukadaulo watsopano. Decentralization monga njira yowonjezera chithandizo cha ogwiritsa ntchito.

Ma Webthings akuphatikiza ntchito yathu yowona chitetezo chaumwini ndi zinsinsi pa intaneti ngati ufulu wofunikira, kubwezera mphamvu m'manja mwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Malingana ndi Mozilla, matekinoloje apakati amatha kuwononga "maulamuliro" apakati ndikubwezeranso maufulu ambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito okha..

Kugawiranso mphamvu kwa anthu ochepa kukhoza kukhala chifukwa cha ntchito za chikhalidwe, ndale ndi zamakono zogawiranso mphamvu kuchokera kwa anthu ochepa kupita kwa ambiri. Titha kukwaniritsa izi poganiziranso ndikumanganso maukonde. Polola zida za IoT kuti zizigwira ntchito pa netiweki yakomweko popanda kufunikira kotumiza zidziwitso kumaseva akunja, timagawa mawonekedwe a IoT omwe alipo.

Ndi Mozilla WebThings, tikupanga chitsanzo cha momwe dongosolo logawira anthu kudzera pa intaneti lingakhudzire chilengedwe cha IoT. Gulu lathu lapanga kale zolemberaMafotokozedwe a API a WebThing, kuthandizira kukhazikika kwazomwe zikuchitika pa intaneti pazida zina za IoT ndi zipata.

Ngakhale iyi ndi njira imodzi yopezera madera, pali ntchito zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi zolinga zofanana pamagawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko kuti abwezeretse mphamvu m'manja mwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Zizindikiro za osewera ena amsika monga FreedomBox Foundation, Daplie иDouglass, kusonyeza kuti anthu, mabanja ndi madera akufunafuna njira zowongolera deta yawo.

Poyang'ana anthu poyamba, Mozilla WebThings amapatsa anthu kusankha mmbuyo: za momwe amafunira kuti deta yawo ikhale yachinsinsi komanso zida zomwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito pamakina awo.

Zolemba Zofananira:
Mozilla WebThings - Kukhazikitsa kwa Gateway
Mozilla WebThings pa Raspberry Pi - Poyambira
Mozilla yapanga khomo lotseguka la intaneti ya Zinthu

Source: www.habr.com