Pa Habr!
Tili ndi mutu watsopano wofunikira - chitukuko chapamwamba cha zinthu za IT. Pa HighLoad ++ nthawi zambiri timalankhula za momwe tingapangire ntchito zotanganidwa mwachangu, ndipo ku Frontend Conf timalankhula za mawonekedwe osavuta ogwiritsa ntchito omwe samachedwetsa. Nthawi zonse timakhala ndi mitu yokhudzana ndi kuyesa, ndi DevOpsConf yokhudza kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuyesa. Koma za zomwe tingatchule kuti khalidwe labwino, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito momveka bwino - ayi.
Tiyeni tikonze izi - Tikhala ndi chikhalidwe choganizira za mtundu wa chinthu chomaliza kwa wogwiritsa ntchito pagawo lililonse lachitukuko. ChizoloΕ΅ezi chosayang'ana gawo lanu laudindo, ndikugwirizanitsa khalidwe osati ndi oyesa okha.
Pansi pa odulidwawo tidzakambirana ndi mutu wa komiti ya pulogalamuyo, mtsogoleri woyesa ku Tinkoff.Business, mlengi wa gulu la anthu olankhula Chirasha la QA. Anastasia Aseeva-Nguyen za chikhalidwe cha makampani a QA ndi ntchito ya msonkhano watsopano.
- Nastia moni. Chonde tiuzeni za inu nokha.
Anastasia: Ndimatsogolera zoyesa kubanki ndipo ndimayang'anira gulu lalikulu kwambiri - ndife anthu opitilira 90. Tili ndi mzere wofunikira wamabizinesi; tili ndi udindo pa chilengedwe cha mabungwe ovomerezeka.
Ndinaphunzira umakaniko ndi masamu ndipo poyamba ndinkafuna kudzakhala katswiri wopanga mapulogalamu. Koma nditalandira mwayi wosangalatsa, ndinaganiza zodziyesa ndekha. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, uku kudakhala kuyitanira kwanga. Tsopano ndikuwona ntchito yanga yonse mumakampani awa.
Ndine wolimbikira kwambiri pamaphunziro a Quality Assurance. Ndimasamala za zomwe zimapangidwira, momwe khalidwe limagwiritsidwira ntchito mu kampani, mu gulu, ndipo, makamaka, pakupanga chitukuko.
Ndizodziwikiratu kwa ine zimenezo anthu am'dera lino sali okhwima mokwanira, makamaka ku Russia. Sitikumvetsetsa nthawi zonse kuti kutsimikizika kwabwino sikungoyesa kuyesa pulogalamu kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira. Ndikufuna kusintha izi.
- Mumagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti Chitsimikizo Chabwino ndi kuyesa. M'maso mwa munthu wamba, mawu awiriwa nthawi zambiri amafanana. Kodi amasiyana bwanji ngati mukukumba mozama?
Anastasia: M'malo mwake, iwo sali osiyana. Kuyesa ndi gawo la Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino, ndizochitika zachindunji - mfundo yakuti ndikuyesa chinachake. Pali mitundu yambiri yoyesera, ndipo anthu osiyanasiyana ali ndi udindo woyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma kuno ku Russia, pamene funde la otuluka kunja adawonekera omwe amapereka oyesa kumakampani, kuyesa kudachepetsedwa kukhala mtundu umodzi.
Nthawi zambiri, amangoyesa kuyesa kogwira ntchito: amawona kuti zomwe opanga adalemba zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndipo ndizomwezo.
- Chonde tiuzeni ndi njira zina zotsimikizira zamtundu wanji zomwe zilipo? Ndi chiyani china, kupatula kuyesa, chomwe chikuphatikizidwa apa?
Anastasia: Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino ndicho, choyambirira, chokhudza kupanga chinthu chabwino. Ndiko kuti, timadzifunsa kuti ndi makhalidwe ati omwe mankhwala athu ayenera kukhala nawo. Chifukwa chake, ngati timvetsetsa izi, ndiye kuti titha kufananiza omwe amakhudza mikhalidwe iyi. zilibe kanthu, wopanga, woyang'anira polojekiti kapena katswiri wazogulitsa ndi munthu amene amakhudza chitukuko cha mankhwala, zotsalira zake, ndi njira zake.
Woyesa amazindikira kwambiri za udindo wake. Amamvetsetsa kuti ntchito yake sikungoyesa kutsata zofunikira, komanso kuyesa zofunikira, kukayikira zopanga zomwe zimachokera kwa katswiri wazogulitsa, ndikuwulula zonse zofunikira ndi zomwe kasitomala amayembekeza. Tikapereka magwiridwe antchito atsopano kwa makasitomala athu, tiyenera kukwaniritsa zomwe amayembekeza ndikuthetsa ululu wawo. Ngati tiganizira za makhalidwe onse abwino, kasitomala adzakhutitsidwa ndikumvetsetsa kuti kampani yomwe mankhwala ake amagwiritsa ntchito amasamala za zomwe amakonda ndipo sakugwira ntchito pa mfundo ya "kungotulutsa chinthu."
- Zikuwoneka kuti zomwe mwafotokozazi ndi ntchito ya katswiri wamankhwala. Izi, kwenikweni, sizokhudza kuyesa osati zamtundu - nthawi zambiri zimakhudza kasamalidwe kazinthu, ayi?
Anastasia: kuphatikizapo. Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino si chilango chimene munthu mmodzi yekha ali ndi udindo. Tsopano pali njira yotchuka pakuyesa, njira yotchedwa Kuyesa kwa Agile. Tanthauzo lake likunena momveka bwino kuti ndi njira yamagulu yoyesera, yomwe imaphatikizapo machitidwe ena. Gulu lonse lili ndi udindo wogwiritsa ntchito njirayi; sikofunikira kuti pagulu pakhale woyesa. Gulu lonse likuyang'ana kwambiri popereka mtengo kwa kasitomala ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mtengo ukukwaniritsa zomwe kasitomala amayembekeza.
- Zikuoneka kuti khalidwe intersects pafupifupi onse ozungulira amalanga, kuika chimango pa chirichonse mozungulira?
Anastasia: Kulondola. Tikamaganizira kuti tikufuna kupanga chinthu chabwino, timayamba kuganizira za makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, momwe tingatsimikizire kuti tapangadi chinthu chomwe kasitomala wathu amafunikira.
Apa ndipamene mayeso amtunduwu amabwera: UAT (kuyesa kuvomereza kwa ogwiritsa ntchito). Tsoka ilo, sizimachitika kawirikawiri ku Russia, koma nthawi zina zimapezeka m'magulu a SCRUM ngati chiwonetsero cha kasitomala womaliza. Uwu ndi mtundu wamba woyeserera m'makampani akunja. Tisanatsegule magwiridwe antchito kwa makasitomala onse, timayamba kuchita UAT, ndiko kuti, timayitana wogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kuti ayese ndipo nthawi yomweyo apereke ndemanga ngati mankhwalawa amakwaniritsa zoyembekeza ndikuthetsa ululu. Pokhapokha izi ndi makulitsidwe kwa makasitomala ena onse zotheka.
Ndiko kuti, timayang'ana pa bizinesi, pa kasitomala wotsiriza, koma nthawi yomweyo musaiwale zaukadaulo. Ubwino wa mankhwalawa umadaliranso kwambiri ukadaulo. Ngati tili ndi zomangamanga zoyipa, sitingathe kumasula zinthu mwachangu ndikukwaniritsa zomwe makasitomala amayembekeza. Pakhoza kukhala zolakwika zambiri poyesa kukulitsa, kapena poyesa kukonzanso, tikhoza kuswa chinachake. Zonsezi zidzakhudza kukhutira kwamakasitomala.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, zomangamanga ziyenera kukhala kotero kuti tikhoza kulemba code yoyera yomwe idzatilola kuti tisinthe mofulumira komanso osaopa kuti tidzaphwanya chirichonse. Kuti tiwonetsetse kuti kubwerezanso sikupitilira miyezi ingapo chifukwa choti tili ndi cholowa chochuluka, tiyenera kuchita magawo aatali oyesa.
- Pazonse, opanga, omanga, asayansi azinthu, oyang'anira zinthu, ndi oyesa okha akutenga nawo mbali. Ndani winanso amene akukhudzidwa ndi kachitidwe kakutsimikizira kuti ali ndi khalidwe labwino?
Anastasia: Tsopano tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti tapereka kale mawonekedwe kwa kasitomala. Mwachiwonekere, ubwino wa mankhwalawo uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ngakhale pamene akupanga kale. Panthawi imeneyi, zinthu zomwe zili ndi zochitika zosadziwika bwino, zomwe zimatchedwa nsikidzi, zikhoza kuwoneka.
Funso loyamba ndilakuti timachita bwanji ndi nsikidzi titatulutsa kale mankhwalawa? Mwachitsanzo, kodi timatani tikapanikizika ndi nkhawa? Wothandizira sangasangalale kwambiri ngati tsambalo litenga masekondi opitilira 30 kuti liyike.
Apa ndipamene kudyerana masuku pamutu kumayamba kugwira ntchito, kapena momwe amatchulira tsopano. DevOps. Ndipotu, awa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi udindo wogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa pamene akupanga kale. Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowunika. Palinso mtundu woyeserera - kuyesa pakupanga, tikadzilola kuti tisayese china chake tisanatulutsidwe ndikuchiyesa nthawi yomweyo pakupanga. Uwu ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimachokera pakukonza zomanga zomwe zimakulolani kuyankha mwachangu pazochitika, kuzikoka, ndikuzikonza.
Zomangamanga nazonso ndizofunikira. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika pamene, poyesedwa, sizingatheke kutsimikizira kuti tili ndi zonse zomwe tingafune kupereka kwa kasitomala. Timayika pakupanga ndikuyamba kugwira zinthu zomwe sizikuwonekera. Ndipo zonse chifukwa zomanga zomwe zikuyesedwa sizikugwirizana ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimapangidwira. Izi zimabweretsa kuyesedwa kwa mtundu watsopano - kuyesa kwa zomangamanga. Izi zikuphatikiza masinthidwe osiyanasiyana, makonda, kusamuka kwa database, ndi zina.
Izi zikubweretsa funso - mwina gulu liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga ngati ma code.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti zomangamanga zimakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa mankhwala.
Ndikuyembekeza kuti padzakhala lipoti lokhala ndi vuto lenileni pamsonkhanowo. Tilembereni ngati muli okonzeka kutiuza zomwe mwakumana nazo m'mene zomangamanga monga ma code zimakhudzira khalidwe. Zomangamanga monga ma code zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyang'ana makonda onse ndikuyesa zinthu zomwe sizingatheke. Choncho, ntchito imakhudzidwanso pakupanga chinthu chabwino.
- Nanga bwanji ma analytics ndi zolemba?
Anastasia: Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pamabizinesi machitidwe. Tikakamba za bizinesi, anthu monga akatswiri ndi akatswiri ofufuza machitidwe nthawi yomweyo amabwera m'maganizo. Nthawi zina amatchedwa akatswiri olemba. Amalandira ntchito yolemba ndondomeko ndi kuimaliza, mwachitsanzo, kwa mwezi umodzi.
Zatsimikiziridwa mobwerezabwereza kuti kulemba zolemba zotere kumabweretsa kubwereza kwachitukuko kwautali komanso kuwonjezereka kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa panthawi yoyesera nsikidzi zimazindikiridwa ndipo zobwerera zimayamba. Zotsatira zake, pali malupu ambiri omwe amawonjezera mtengo wa chitukuko. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zitha kuyambitsa zovuta. Zikuwoneka kuti talemba zolemba, koma kenako tidapanga zosintha zomwe zimasokoneza kamangidwe koganiziridwa bwino.
Zotsatira zake, zotsatira zake sizinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa zigamba zakhala zikuwonekera kale muzomangamanga, kachidindo m'malo ena sichikuphimbidwa mokwanira ndi mayesero, chifukwa masiku omalizira akupita, nsikidzi zonse ziyenera kutsekedwa mofulumira. Ndipo zonse chifukwa chakuti ndondomeko yoyambayo sinaganizire mfundo zonse zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa.
Madivelopa si tizirombo ndipo salemba ma code ndi zolakwika dala.
Tikadakhala kuti tidaganiza zoyambira zomwe zidafotokoza mfundo zonse zofunika, ndiye kuti zonse zikadakhazikitsidwa momwe zimafunikira. Koma izi ndi utopia.
Mwina ndi zosatheka kulemba tsatanetsatane wamasamba 100. Ndichifukwa chake ayenera kuganizira njira zina zolembera zolemba, mafotokozedwe, ziganizo za ntchito zomwe zingatifikitse pafupi ndi kuwonetsetsa kuti wopangayo akuchita zomwe zikufunika.
Apa ndipamene njira za Agile zimakumbukira - nkhani za ogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili ndi njira zovomerezeka. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa magulu omwe akukula pang'onopang'ono.
- Nanga bwanji kuyezetsa magwiritsidwe, magwiritsidwe ntchito, kapangidwe?
Anastasia: Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa pali okonza gulu. Nthawi zambiri, opanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ntchito - mwina ndi dipatimenti yokonza mapulani kapena wopanga kunja. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika zomwe zimawoneka kuti wopanga adamvera wasayansi wazogulitsa ndikuchita zomwe amamvetsetsa. Koma tikayamba kubwerezabwereza, zimakhala kuti zomwe zidachitika sizinali zomwe zimayembekezereka: wopanga anaiwala chinachake, sanaganize mokwanira ndi khalidwe, chifukwa sanali pa gulu osati mu nkhani, kapena kutsogolo. -mapeto opanga sanamvetsetse bwino masanjidwe ake. Zitha kutenga kubwereza kangapo chifukwa pali vuto ndi kumvetsetsa kwa wopanga kutsogolo pamapangidwewo.
Komanso pali vuto linanso. Machitidwe opangira mapangidwe tsopano akupeza kutchuka. Iwo ali pa hype, koma zopindulitsa kuchokera kwa iwo sizowonekera kwathunthu.
Ndikuyang'anizana ndi lingaliro lakuti machitidwe opangira, kumbali imodzi, amathandizira chitukuko, koma kumbali ina, amaika zoletsa zambiri pa mawonekedwe.
Zotsatira zake, sitimapanga mawonekedwe omwe kasitomala akufuna, koma omwe ndi abwino kwa ife, chifukwa tili ndi ma cubes ena omwe titha kupanga.
Ndikuganiza kuti m'pofunika kulabadira nkhani imeneyi ndi kudabwa ngati poyesa kufewetsa kamangidwe ntchito kwenikweni kuthetsa ululu kasitomala.
- Pali mitu yambiri yodabwitsa yokhudzana ndi Chitsimikizo Chabwino. Kodi pali msonkhano ku Russia komwe onse angakambirane?
Anastasia: Pali msonkhano wakale kwambiri wokhudza kuyezetsa magazi, womwe udzachitike kwa nthawi ya 25 chaka chino ndipo umatchedwa Quality Assurance Conference SQA Days. Imakambirana makamaka zida ndi njira zenizeni zoyesera kwa oyesa ntchito. Monga lamulo, malipoti a SQA Days amawunika mozama madera ena omwe ali ndi udindo wa oyesa okha, koma osati zovuta.
Izi zimathandiza kwambiri kumvetsetsa zida ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, momwe mungayesere nkhokwe, ma API, ndi zina. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kumbali imodzi, sizimalimbikitsa kuphatikizira zambiri kuposa kungoyesa pakupanga mankhwala abwino. Kumbali ina, oyesa sakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ndondomekoyi kuti aganizire za cholinga cha padziko lonse cha mankhwala ndi gawo lake la bizinesi.
Ndimayendetsa dipatimenti yayikulu ndikuchita zoyankhulana zambiri, zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso pamakampani onse. Monga lamulo, anyamata athu amagwira ntchito m'mabizinesi, ndipo ali ndi gawo lodziwika bwino laudindo. Anzake omwe amagwira ntchito m'mapulojekiti akunja amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyesera: iwo eni amatha kuyesa zolemetsa, kuyesa magwiridwe antchito, komanso nthawi zina kuyesa chitetezo, chifukwa amathandizadi gulu kuwonetsetsa kuti malondawo ndi abwino.
Ndikufuna kuti anyamata aku Russia nawonso ayambe kuganiza zakuti makampaniwa samatha ndi kuyesa kogwira ntchito.
- Pachifukwa ichi, tikukonza msonkhano watsopano, QualityConf, womwe umaperekedwa kuti ukhale wabwino ngati mwambo wofunikira. Tiuzeni zambiri za lingaliroli, cholinga chachikulu cha msonkhano ndi chiyani?
Anastasia: Tikufuna kupanga gulu la anthu omwe akufuna kupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Perekani nsanja komwe angabwere, kumvetsera malipoti ndikusiya msonkhano ndikumvetsetsa zomwe akuyenera kusintha kuti asinthe.
Masiku ano nthawi zambiri ndimamva pempho loti ndikufunseni zoyenera kuchita pakakhala zovuta pakuyezetsa komanso kuwongolera. Mukayamba kuyankhulana ndi magulu, mumawona kuti vuto siliri ndi oyesa okha, koma ndi momwe ndondomekoyi imapangidwira. Mwachitsanzo, pamene opanga amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi udindo wolemba ma code okha, udindo wawo umatha ndendende panthawi yomwe amasamutsa ntchitoyi kuti ayesedwe.
Sikuti aliyense akuganiza kuti zolembedwa zosalembedwa bwino, zotsika mtengo zokhala ndi zomanga zoyipa zimawopseza mavuto akulu pantchitoyo. Saganizira za mtengo wa zolakwika, kuti nsikidzi zomwe zimatha kupanga zimatha kubweretsa ndalama zambiri kwa kampani ndi gulu. Palibe chikhalidwe choganizira izi. Ndikufuna kuti tiyambe kugawa ku msonkhano.
Ndikumvetsa kuti izi si zatsopano. Edward Deming, mlembi wa mfundo 14 za khalidwe, analemba za mtengo wa zolakwika m'zaka zapitazi. Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino monga chilango chachokera m'bukuli, koma, mwatsoka, chitukuko chamakono chimayiwala za izo.
- Kodi mukukonzekera kukhudza mitu yokhudzana ndi kuyesa ndi zida?
Anastasia: Ndikuvomereza kuti padzakhala malipoti okhudza zida. Pali zida zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe makampani ndi magulu angakhudzire malonda.
Malipoti onse adzakhala ogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi ndi ntchito imodzi yofanana: kufotokozera kwa omvera kuti mothandizidwa ndi njira iyi, chida, njira, ndondomeko, mtundu wa kuyesa, takhudza ubwino wa mankhwalawa ndikusintha moyo wa kasitomala.
Sitidzakhala ndi malipoti okhudza chida chifukwa cha chida. Malipoti onse omwe akuphatikizidwa mu pulogalamuyi adzagwirizanitsidwa ndi cholinga chimodzi.
- Ndani angakhale ndi chidwi ndi zomwe mukunena, omwe mukuwona ngati alendo a msonkhano?
Anastasia: Tidzakhala ndi malipoti kwa opanga omwe amasamala za tsogolo la polojekiti yawo, malonda, dongosolo. Momwemonso, zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwa oyesa ndipo, zikuwoneka kwa ine, makamaka kwa oyang'anira. Ndi mameneja, ndikutanthauza anthu omwe amapanga zisankho ndipo angakhudze tsogolo ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala, dongosolo, gulu, pakati pa zinthu zina.
Awa ndi anthu omwe amadabwa momwe angasinthire ubwino wa mankhwala kapena dongosolo. Pamsonkhano wathu, aphunzira za magawo osiyanasiyana amiyeso ndipo azitha kumvetsetsa zomwe zili zolakwika pakali pano komanso zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa.
Ndikuganiza kuti muyezo waukulu ndikumvetsetsa kuti china chake chalakwika ndi khalidweli ndipo ndikufuna kuchikoka. Mwina sitingathe kufikira anthu omwe amaganiza kuti izi zichitika koyamba.
- Kodi mukuganiza kuti makampani onse ndi okhwima kuti alankhule osati kuyesa kokha, koma za chikhalidwe cha khalidwe?
Anastasia: Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndakhwima. Tsopano makampani ambiri akuchoka ku njira yachikhalidwe ya Waterfall kupita ku Agile. Pali chidwi pa kasitomala, anthu m'magulu akuyamba kuganizira za momwe angapangire chinthu chabwino. Ngakhale makampani amabizinesi akuyang'ananso pakuwongolera bwino.
Potengera kuchuluka kwa zopempha zomwe zikuchitika mdera lanu, ndikukhulupirira kuti nthawi yakwana. Inde, sindikutsimikiza kuti uku kudzakhala kusintha kwakukulu, koma ndikufuna kuti kusinthaku kwachidziwitso kuchitike.
- Adavomereza! Tidzaphunzitsa chikhalidwe ndi kusintha chidziwitso.
Msonkhano wokhudza chitukuko chapamwamba cha zinthu za IT zichitika ku Moscow pa June 7. Mukudziwa kuti ndi magawo ati omwe amapanga mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri, tili ndi milandu yolimbana bwino ndi nsikidzi pakupanga, tayesa njira zodziwika bwino pazochita zathu - tikufuna zomwe mwakumana nazo. awo mapulogalamu mpaka Meyi 1, rela la Pula
Lumikizani ku , momwe timakambirana za khalidwe labwino ndi msonkhano, lembetsani kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso cha pulogalamu.
Source: www.habr.com