Pakalipano, ichi ndi pafupifupi malo okwera mtengo kwambiri pamsika. Mkangano wozungulira mainjiniya a "DevOps" ndi wopitilira malire, ndipo choyipa kwambiri ndi mainjiniya a Senior DevOps.
Ndimagwira ntchito ngati mutu wa dipatimenti yophatikizira ndi makina opangira makina, lingalirani za decoding ya Chingerezi - DevOps Manager. Ndizokayikitsa kuti zolemba za Chingerezi zikuwonetsa zomwe timachita tsiku ndi tsiku, koma Chirasha pankhaniyi ndi cholondola kwambiri. Chifukwa cha momwe ndimagwirira ntchito, ndizachilengedwe kuti ndiyenera kufunsa mamembala amtsogolo a gulu langa, ndipo m'chaka chathachi, anthu pafupifupi 50 adadutsa mwa ine, ndipo chiΕ΅erengero chomwecho chadulidwa pazithunzi ndi antchito anga.
Tikuyang'anabe anzathu, chifukwa kumbuyo kwa chizindikiro cha DevOps pali gulu lalikulu kwambiri la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mainjiniya omwe amabisala.
Chilichonse cholembedwa pansipa ndi lingaliro langa, simuyenera kuvomerezana nazo, koma ndikuvomereza kuti zidzawonjezera mtundu wina pamalingaliro anu pamutuwo. Ngakhale pali chiopsezo chosiya kukondedwa, ndimasindikiza malingaliro anga chifukwa ndimakhulupirira kuti ili ndi malo oti ndikhale.
Makampani amamvetsetsa mosiyanasiyana kuti mainjiniya a DevOps ndi ndani ndipo, chifukwa cholemba ntchito mwachangu, amapachika chizindikirochi kwa aliyense. Zinthu ndi zachilendo, popeza makampani ali okonzeka kulipira malipiro osatheka kwa anthu awa, kulandira, nthawi zambiri, woyang'anira zida kwa iwo.
Ndiye mainjiniya a DevOps ndi ndani?
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mbiri yamawonekedwe ake - Ntchito Zachitukuko zidawoneka ngati sitepe ina yopititsa patsogolo kuyanjana kwamagulu ang'onoang'ono kuti muwonjezere liwiro la kupanga zinthu, monga chotsatira chomwe chikuyembekezeka. Lingaliro linali kulimbikitsa gulu lachitukuko ndi chidziwitso cha njira ndi njira zoyendetsera chilengedwe. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, wopanga mapulogalamu ayenera kumvetsetsa ndikudziwa momwe mankhwala ake amagwirira ntchito muzochitika zina, ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala ake, ndi makhalidwe ati a chilengedwe omwe angasinthidwe kuti agwire bwino ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kwakanthawi, opanga omwe ali ndi njira ya DevOps adawonekera. Madivelopa a DevOps adalemba zolemba zomanga ndikuyika kuti achepetse ntchito zawo komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Komabe, zovuta zamamangidwe athanzi komanso kuyanjanitsa kwazinthu zogwirira ntchito pakapita nthawi kunayamba kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a chilengedwe; ndikubwerezabwereza kulikonse, kumvetsetsa mozama kwa zigawo zina kumafunika, kuchepetsa zokolola za wopanga chifukwa chowonjezera. mtengo womvetsetsa zigawo ndi makina osinthira ntchito inayake. . Mtengo wa wopangayo udakula, mtengo wa chinthucho pamodzi ndi izi, zofunika kwa opanga atsopano mu gululo zidalumpha kwambiri, chifukwa amafunikiranso kubisala maudindo a "nyenyezi" yachitukuko ndipo, mwachilengedwe, "nyenyezi" zidakhala zochepa. ndi zochepa zomwe zilipo. Ndizofunikiranso kudziwa kuti, m'chidziwitso changa, omanga ochepa omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zimapangidwira paketi ndi kernel ya opaleshoni, malamulo oyendetsera paketi, ndi mbali za chitetezo. Chinthu chomveka chinali kukopa woyang'anira yemwe amadziwa bwino izi ndikumupatsa maudindo ofanana, omwe, chifukwa cha zomwe adakumana nazo, zinapangitsa kuti akwaniritse zizindikiro zomwezo pamtengo wotsika poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa chitukuko cha "nyenyezi". Oyang'anira oterowo adayikidwa mu gulu ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu inali kuyang'anira malo oyesera ndi kupanga, molingana ndi malamulo a gulu linalake, ndi zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ku gulu ili. Umu ndi momwe, DevOps adawonekera m'malingaliro a ambiri.
Pang'onopang'ono kapena kwathunthu, m'kupita kwa nthawi, oyang'anira machitidwewa adayamba kumvetsetsa zosowa za gulu ili m'munda wa chitukuko, momwe angapangire moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa opanga ndi oyesa, momwe mungatulutsire zosintha komanso kuti musagone Lachisanu mu ofesi, kukonza zolakwika za kutumiza. Nthawi inadutsa, ndipo tsopano "nyenyezi" zinali oyang'anira machitidwe omwe amamvetsetsa zomwe opanga amafuna. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa, zida zoyang'anira zidayamba kubwera; aliyense amakumbukira njira zakale komanso zodalirika zodzipatula mulingo wa OS, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa zofunikira pachitetezo, kuyang'anira gawo la netiweki, ndi kasinthidwe ka wolandila ngati njira yolumikizirana. lonse ndipo, motero, kuchepetsa zofunikira za "nyenyezi" zatsopano.
Chinthu "chodabwitsa" chawonekera - docker. Chifukwa chiyani zodabwitsa? Inde, kokha chifukwa kupanga kudzipatula mu chroot kapena ndende, komanso OpenVZ, kumafuna chidziwitso chopanda kanthu cha OS, mosiyana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimakulolani kuti mungopanga malo ogwiritsira ntchito pawokha omwe ali ndi zonse zofunika mkati ndi manja. pamiyendo yachitukuko kachiwiri, ndipo woyang'anira dongosolo amatha kuyendetsa ndi gulu limodzi lokha, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chake ndi kupezeka kwakukulu - kuphweka koyenera. Koma kupita patsogolo sikuyima ndipo machitidwe akukhalanso ovuta kwambiri, pali zigawo zambiri, gulu limodzi silikukwaniritsanso zofunikira za dongosololi ndipo ndikofunikira kumanga masango, tikubwereranso kwa oyang'anira dongosolo omwe ali. wokhoza kupanga machitidwe awa.
Kuzungulira pambuyo pa kuzungulira, machitidwe osiyanasiyana amawoneka omwe amathandizira chitukuko ndi / kapena kayendetsedwe kake, machitidwe oimba amawonekera, omwe, mpaka mutafunika kuchoka pa ndondomeko yoyenera, ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zomangamanga za Microservice zidawonekeranso ndi cholinga chosavuta zonse zomwe tafotokozazi - maubwenzi ochepa, osavuta kuwongolera. Zomwe ndakumana nazo, sindinapeze kamangidwe kakang'ono ka microservice, ndinganene kuti 50 mpaka 50 - 50 peresenti ya microservices, mabokosi akuda, adalowa, adatuluka atakonzedwa, ena 50 ndi monolith wong'ambika, mautumiki omwe sangathe kugwira ntchito mosiyana ndi ena. zigawo. Zonsezi zinakhazikitsanso zoletsa pamlingo wa chidziwitso cha onse opanga ndi oyang'anira.
"Kusinthasintha" kofananako mu mlingo wa chidziwitso cha akatswiri a gwero linalake kumapitirirabe mpaka lero. Koma timadutsa pang'ono, pali mfundo zambiri zofunika kuziwunikira.
Mangani Engineer/Release Engineer
Mainjiniya apadera kwambiri omwe adatuluka ngati njira yokhazikitsira njira zomangira mapulogalamu ndikutulutsa. Poyambitsa kufalikira kwa Agile, zikuwoneka kuti asiya kufunikira, koma izi siziri choncho. Katswiriyu adawoneka ngati njira yokhazikitsira kusonkhana ndi kutumiza mapulogalamu pamafakitale, i.e. kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika pazogulitsa zonse zamakampani. Kubwera kwa DevOps, opanga adataya ntchito zawo pang'ono, popeza anali omanga omwe adayamba kukonzekera malondawo kuti atumizidwe, ndikupatsidwa mawonekedwe osinthika komanso njira yoperekera mwachangu popanda kutengera mtundu, pakapita nthawi adasanduka. kuletsa kusintha, chifukwa kutsatira miyezo yapamwamba kumachepetsa kutumiza. Chifukwa chake, pang'onopang'ono, gawo lina la magwiridwe antchito a mainjiniya a Build/Release adasamukira kumapewa a oyang'anira machitidwe.
Ops ndi osiyana kwambiri
Timapitilira mobwerezabwereza kukhalapo kwa maudindo ambiri komanso kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito oyenerera kumatikankhira kuukadaulo wokhazikika, monga bowa pambuyo pa mvula, Ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimawonekera:
- TechOps - enikey system administrators aka HelpDesk Engineer
- LiveOps - oyang'anira makina omwe ali ndi udindo pazopanga
- CloudOps - oyang'anira makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitambo yapagulu Azure, AWS, GCP, ndi zina zambiri.
- PlatOps/InfraOps/SysOps - oyang'anira dongosolo la zomangamanga.
- NetOps - oyang'anira maukonde
- SecOps - oyang'anira machitidwe okhazikika pachitetezo chazidziwitso - kutsata kwa PCI, kutsata kwa CIS, kuzigamba, ndi zina zambiri.
DevOps ndi (mwachidziwitso) munthu yemwe amamvetsetsa njira zonse zachitukuko - chitukuko, kuyesa, kumvetsetsa kamangidwe kazinthu, amatha kuwunika zoopsa zachitetezo, amadziwa njira ndi zida zodzipangira okha, osachepera pamtunda wapamwamba. mlingo, kuwonjezera pa izi, umamvetsetsanso chisanadze ndi pambuyo pokonza chithandizo. Munthu wokhoza kukhala woyimira pa Ntchito ndi Chitukuko, zomwe zimalola mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa mizati iwiriyi. Amamvetsetsa njira zokonzekera ntchito ndi magulu ndikuwongolera zomwe makasitomala amayembekeza.
Kuti agwire ntchito ndi udindo woterewu, munthu uyu ayenera kukhala ndi njira zoyendetsera ntchito zachitukuko ndi kuyesa kokha, komanso kasamalidwe kazinthu zopangira zinthu, komanso kukonza zinthu. DevOps pakumvetsetsa kumeneku sangapezeke mu IT, kapena mu R&D, kapena mu PMO; iyenera kukhala ndi chikoka m'magawo onsewa - director director akampani, Chief Technical Officer.
Kodi izi ndi zoona pakampani yanu? - Ndikukayika. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi IT kapena R&D.
Kuperewera kwa ndalama komanso kuthekera kokhudza gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatuwa azinthu zitha kusuntha kulemera kwa zovuta kupita komwe zosinthazi ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ziletso zaukadaulo pazotulutsa zokhudzana ndi code "zonyansa" molingana ndi static. analyzer machitidwe. Ndiko kuti, pamene PMO ikhazikitsa tsiku lomaliza la kumasulidwa kwa ntchito, R & D silingathe kutulutsa zotsatira zapamwamba mkati mwa masiku omalizirawa ndikuzipanga momwe zingathere, kusiya kukonzanso mtsogolo, DevOps yokhudzana ndi IT imaletsa kumasulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono. . Kupanda ulamuliro kusintha zinthu, pa nkhani ya ogwira ntchito, kumabweretsa mawonetseredwe hyper-udindo pa zimene sangakhoze kukhudza, makamaka ngati ogwira ntchitowa amvetsetsa ndi kuona zolakwa, ndi momwe angawakonzere - "Bliss ndi umbuli", komanso chifukwa cha kutopa ndi kutaya antchitowa.
DevOps Resource Market
Tiyeni tiwone malo angapo osankhidwa a DevOps ochokera kumakampani osiyanasiyana.
Ndife okonzeka kukumana nanu ngati:
- Muli ndi Zabbix ndipo mukudziwa chomwe Prometheus ali;
- Iptables;
- BASH PhD Wophunzira;
- Pulofesa Ansible;
- Linux Guru;
- Dziwani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kukonza zolakwika ndikupeza zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi opanga (php/java/python);
- Kuyenda sikumakupangitsani kukhala osokonezeka;
- Samalani kwambiri chitetezo chadongosolo;
- Sungani "chilichonse ndi chirichonse", komanso kubwezeretsa bwino "chilichonse ndi chirichonse";
- Mumadziwa momwe mungakhazikitsire dongosololi m'njira yoti muthe kupeza ndalama zambiri;
- Konzani kubwereza musanagone pa Postgres ndi MySQL;
- Kukhazikitsa ndikusintha CI / CD ndikofunikira kwa inu monga chakudya cham'mawa / chamasana / chakudya chamadzulo.
- Khalani ndi chidziwitso ndi AWS;
- Okonzeka kupanga ndi kampani;
Kotero:
- kuyambira 1 mpaka 6 - woyang'anira dongosolo
- 7 - kasamalidwe kakang'ono ka maukonde, komwe kumagwirizananso ndi woyang'anira dongosolo, Middle level
- 8 - chitetezo pang'ono, chomwe chili chovomerezeka kwa woyang'anira dongosolo la Middle level
- 9-11 - Middle System Administrator
- 12 - Kutengera ntchito zomwe wapatsidwa, mwina Middle System Administrator kapena Build Engineer
- 13 - Virtualization - Middle System Administrator, kapena otchedwa CloudOps, chidziwitso chapamwamba cha mautumiki a malo enieni ochitirako, kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino ndalama ndi kuchepetsa katundu pakukonza.
Kufotokozera mwachidule ntchito iyi, tikhoza kunena kuti Middle / Senior System Administrator ndi yokwanira kwa anyamata.
Mwa njira, simuyenera kugawa mwamphamvu oyang'anira pa Linux / Windows. Inde, ndikumvetsa kuti mautumiki ndi machitidwe a maiko awiriwa ndi osiyana, koma maziko a onse ndi ofanana ndipo aliyense wodzilemekeza yekha amadziwa zonse ziwiri, ndipo ngakhale sakudziwa, zidzatero. zisakhale zovuta kwa admin wodziwa bwino kuti azidziwa bwino.
Tiyeni tionenso ntchito ina:
- Kudziwa pomanga machitidwe olemetsa kwambiri;
- Chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri cha Linux OS, mapulogalamu amtundu uliwonse ndi ma intaneti (Nginx, PHP/Python, HAProxy, MySQL/PostgreSQL, Memcached, Redis, RabbitMQ, ELK);
- Zochitika ndi machitidwe owonetsera (KVM, VMWare, LXC / Docker);
- Kudziwa bwino zinenero zolembera;
- Kumvetsetsa mfundo zoyendetsera ma network protocol network;
- Kumvetsetsa mfundo zomanga machitidwe olekerera zolakwika;
- Kudziimira payekha ndi kuchitapo kanthu;
Tiyeni tiwone:
- 1 - Senior System Administrator
- 2 - Kutengera tanthawuzo lomwe layikidwa mu stack iyi - Middle/ Senior System Administrator
- 3 - Zochitika pazantchito, kuphatikiza, zitha kutanthauza - "Gulu silinakweze, koma lidapanga ndikuwongolera makina owoneka bwino, panali wolandila Docker m'modzi, mwayi wopeza zotengera kunalibe" - Middle System Administrator
- 4 - Junior System Administrator - inde, woyang'anira yemwe sadziwa kulemba zolemba zoyambira zokha, mosasamala chilankhulo, osati admin - enikey.
- 5 - Middle System Administrator
- 6 - Senior System Administrator
Kufotokozera mwachidule - Woyang'anira Wapakati / Wapamwamba
Winanso:
- Zochitika za Devops;
- Dziwani kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo kupanga njira za CI/CD. Gitlab CI idzakhala yopindulitsa;
- Kugwira ntchito ndi zotengera ndi virtualization; Ngati mudagwiritsa ntchito docker, zabwino, koma ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito k8s, zabwino!
- Dziwani kugwira ntchito mu timu ya agile;
- Kudziwa chinenero chilichonse cha mapulogalamu;
Tiyeni tiwone:
- 1 - Hmm... Kodi anyamatawa akutanthauza chiyani? =) Mwinamwake iwo eniwo sadziwa zomwe zabisika kuseri kwake
- 2 - Wopanga Injiniya
- 3 - Middle System Administrator
- 4 - Luso lofewa, sitingaliganizire pano, ngakhale Agile ndi chinthu china chomwe chimatanthauziridwa mwanjira yabwino.
- 5 - Mawu achidule kwambiri - akhoza kukhala chilankhulo cholembera kapena chophatikiza. Ndikudabwa ngati kulemba mu Pascal ndi Basic kusukulu kungawagwirizane? =)
Ndikufunanso kusiya ndemanga yokhudzana ndi mfundo 3 kuti ndilimbikitse kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mfundoyi ikukhudzidwa ndi woyang'anira dongosolo. Kubernetes ndi nyimbo chabe, chida chomwe chimakulunga malamulo achindunji kwa oyendetsa ma netiweki ndi ma virtualization / kudzipatula pamalamulo angapo ndikukulolani kuti muzitha kulumikizana nawo momveka bwino, ndizo zonse. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni titenge 'kumanga chimango' Pangani, chomwe, mwa njira, sindimalingalira chimango. Inde, ndikudziwa za mafashoni akukankha Pangani kulikonse, komwe kuli kofunikira komanso kosafunikira - kukulunga Maven mu Make, mwachitsanzo, mozama?
M'malo mwake, Pangani ndikumangirira pachipolopolo, kupangitsa kuti kuphatikiza, kulumikiza, ndi kuphatikiza malamulo achilengedwe, monga ma k8s.
Nthawi ina, ndidafunsana ndi munthu yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito k8s pantchito yake pamwamba pa OpenStack, ndipo adalankhula za momwe adatumizira mautumikiwo, komabe, nditafunsa za OpenStack, zidapezeka kuti idayendetsedwa, komanso idakwezedwa ndi dongosolo. olamulira. Kodi mukuganiza kuti munthu amene wayika OpenStack, mosasamala kanthu kuti amagwiritsa ntchito nsanja yanji kumbuyo kwake, sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito k8s? =)
Wopempha uyu si DevOps kwenikweni, koma System Administrator ndipo, kunena molondola, Kubernetes Administrator.
Tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule - Middle / Senior System Administrator adzakhala okwanira kwa iwo.
Kulemera kwa magalamu angati
Malipiro omwe aperekedwa pazantchito zomwe zasankhidwa ndi 90k-200k
Tsopano ndikufuna kujambula kufanana pakati pa mphotho zandalama za System Administrators ndi DevOps Engineers.
M'malo mwake, kuti muchepetse zinthu, mutha kumwaza magiredi kutengera zomwe mwakumana nazo pantchito, ngakhale izi sizingakhale zenizeni, koma pazolinga za nkhaniyi zidzakhala zokwanira.
Chidziwitso:
- mpaka zaka 3 - Junior
- mpaka zaka 6 - Middle
- kuposa 6 - Senior
Webusayiti yosaka antchito imapereka:
Oyang'anira System:
- Junior - zaka 2 - 50k rub.
- Pakati - zaka 5 - 70k rub.
- Senior - zaka 11 - 100k rub.
DevOps Engineers:
- Junior - zaka 2 - 100k rub.
- Pakati - zaka 3 - 160k rub.
- Senior - zaka 6 - 220k rub.
Malinga ndi zomwe zinachitikira "DevOps", zinagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zinakhudza SDLC.
Kuchokera pamwambazi zikutsatira kuti makampani safuna DevOps, komanso kuti akhoza kupulumutsa osachepera 50 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe anakonza poyamba polemba ntchito Woyang'anira; Komanso, amatha kufotokozera momveka bwino maudindo a munthu amene akumufuna. ndi kudzaza chosowacho mofulumira. Sitiyeneranso kuiwala kuti kugawikana momveka bwino kwa maudindo kumatithandiza kuchepetsa zofunikira kwa ogwira ntchito, komanso kupanga malo abwino kwambiri mu gulu, chifukwa cha kusagwirizana. Ntchito zambiri zimakhala zodzaza ndi zofunikira komanso zolemba za DevOps, koma sizitengera zofunikira zenizeni za Injiniya wa DevOps, zimangopempha woyang'anira zida.
Njira yophunzitsira mainjiniya a DevOps imangokhala ndi ntchito zingapo, zofunikira, ndipo sizipereka chidziwitso chonse chazomwe zimachitika komanso kudalira kwawo. Ndibwino kuti munthu atumize AWS EKS pogwiritsa ntchito Terraform, molumikizana ndi Fluentd sidecar mgululi ndi AWS ELK stack ya makina odula mitengo mu mphindi 10, pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo limodzi lokha, koma ngati sakumvetsetsa mfundo yodzikonzera yokha zipika ndi zomwe zimafunikira, ngati simukudziwa momwe mungasonkhanitsire ma metrics pa iwo ndikutsata kuwonongeka kwa ntchitoyo, idzakhalabe enikey yemweyo yemwe amadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zina.
Kufuna, komabe, kumapanga kupezeka, ndipo tikuwona msika wotenthedwa kwambiri wa malo a DevOps, pomwe zofunikira sizikugwirizana ndi gawo lenileni, koma zimangolola oyang'anira dongosolo kuti apeze zambiri.
Ndiye ndani? DevOps kapena olamulira adyera? =)
Kodi kupitiriza kukhala ndi moyo?
Olemba ntchito akuyenera kupanga zofunikira mwatsatanetsatane ndikuyang'ana zomwe zikufunika, osati kutaya zilembo. Simukudziwa zomwe DevOps amachita - simukuwafuna ngati zili choncho.
Ogwira ntchito - Phunzirani. Sinthani chidziwitso chanu nthawi zonse, yang'anani chithunzi chonse cha njira ndikutsata njira yopita ku cholinga chanu. Mutha kukhala aliyense amene mukufuna, muyenera kungoyesa.
Source: www.habr.com