DevOps yakhala mutu wotchuka kwambiri pazaka zingapo zapitazi. Anthu ambiri amalota kulowa nawo, koma, monga momwe zimasonyezera, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malipiro.
Anthu ena amalemba ma DevOps pakuyambiranso kwawo, ngakhale sadziwa nthawi zonse kapena kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la mawuwo. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti mutatha kuphunzira Ansible, GitLab, Jenkins, Terraform ndi zina zotero (mndandandawu ukhoza kupitilizidwa malinga ndi kukoma kwanu), nthawi yomweyo mudzakhala "devopsist". Izi, ndithudi, si zoona.
Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, ndakhala ndikugwira nawo ntchito makamaka pakukhazikitsa DevOps m'makampani osiyanasiyana. Izi zisanachitike, adagwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 20 m'maudindo kuyambira woyang'anira dongosolo mpaka wotsogolera wa IT. Pakadali pano DevOps Lead Engineer ku Playgendary.
DevOps ndi ndani
Lingaliro lolemba nkhani lidawuka pambuyo pa funso lina: "DevOps ndindani?" Palibe nthawi yodziwika kuti ndi chiyani kapena ndani. Ena mwa mayankho ali kale mu izi . Choyamba, ndidzaunika mfundo zazikulu za mβbukuli, ndiyeno ndifotokoza zimene ndaona ndi maganizo anga.
DevOps si katswiri yemwe atha kulembedwa ganyu, osati gulu lazinthu zothandizira, komanso si dipatimenti yomanga ndi mainjiniya.
DevOps ndi nzeru ndi njira.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi machitidwe omwe amathandiza otukula kuti azigwirizana kwambiri ndi oyang'anira machitidwe. Ndiko kuti, kugwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa njira zogwirira ntchito wina ndi mzake.
Kubwera kwa DevOps, mapangidwe ndi maudindo a akatswiri adakhalabe chimodzimodzi (pali otukula, pali mainjiniya), koma malamulo ogwirizana asintha. Malire apakati pa madipatimenti asokonekera.
Zolinga za DevOps zitha kufotokozedwa m'magawo atatu:
- Pulogalamuyi iyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.
- Mapulogalamu ayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga.
- Pulogalamuyo iyenera kutumizidwa mosavuta komanso munthawi yochepa.
Palibe chida chimodzi cha DevOps. Kukonza, kutumiza ndi kuphunzira zinthu zingapo sizikutanthauza kuti DevOps yawonekera pakampani. Pali zida zambiri ndipo zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, koma zimagwira ntchito imodzi.
Ndipo ichi ndi gawo chabe la zida za DevOps
Ndakhala ndikufunsana ndi anthu pa udindo wa injiniya wa DevOps kwa zaka zoposa 2 tsopano, ndipo ndazindikira kuti nkofunika kumvetsetsa bwino tanthauzo la mawuwo. Ndasonkhanitsa zochitika zenizeni, zowonera ndi malingaliro omwe ndikufuna kugawana nawo.
Kuchokera pazokambirana, ndikuwona chithunzi chotsatirachi: akatswiri omwe amawona DevOps ngati udindo wantchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kusamvana ndi anzawo.
Panali chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi. Mnyamata wina adabwera ku zokambirana ndi mawu ambiri anzeru pazomwe adayambiranso. Pantchito zake zitatu zomaliza, anali ndi chidziwitso cha miyezi 5-6. Ndinasiya zoyambira ziwiri chifukwa "sanachoke." Koma za kampani yachitatu, adanena kuti palibe amene amamumvetsa kumeneko: omangawo amalemba kachidindo pa Windows, ndipo wotsogolera amakakamiza kuti code iyi "ikulungidwe" mu Docker nthawi zonse ndikuphatikizidwa mu payipi ya CI / CD. Mnyamatayo ananena zinthu zoipa zambiri zokhudza malo amene amagwira ntchito panopa komanso anzake - ndimangofuna kuyankha kuti: "Kuti simudzagulitsa njovu."
Kenako ndinamufunsa funso lomwe lili pamwamba pa mndandanda wanga wa munthu aliyense wosankhidwa.
- Kodi DevOps amatanthauza chiyani kwa inu panokha?
- Mwambiri kapena ndimaziwona bwanji?
Ndinkachita chidwi ndi maganizo ake. Iye ankadziwa chiphunzitso ndi chiyambi cha mawuwo, koma sanagwirizane nawo. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti DevOps inali udindo wa ntchito. Apa ndi pamene muzu wa mavuto ake uli. Komanso akatswiri ena omwe ali ndi lingaliro lomwelo.
Olemba ntchito, atamva zambiri za "matsenga a DevOps", akufuna kupeza munthu amene adzabwera ndikupanga "matsenga" awa. Ndipo ofunsira kuchokera ku gulu la "DevOps ndi ntchito" samamvetsetsa kuti ndi njira iyi sangathe kukwaniritsa zomwe akuyembekezera. Ndipo, kawirikawiri, adalemba DevOps pakuyambiranso kwawo chifukwa ndizochitika ndipo amalipira zambiri.
Njira ya DevOps ndi filosofi
Njirayi ikhoza kukhala yongoganizira komanso yothandiza. Kwa ife, ndi yachiwiri. Monga ndanenera pamwambapa, DevOps ndi ndondomeko ya machitidwe ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe zanenedwa. Ndipo muzochitika zilizonse, malingana ndi ndondomeko za bizinesi ya kampani, zikhoza kusiyana kwambiri. Zomwe sizimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kapena zoyipa.
Njira ya DevOps ndi njira yokhayo yokwaniritsira zolinga.
Tsopano za zomwe DevOps filosofi ndi. Ndipo mwina ili ndi funso lovuta kwambiri.
Ndizovuta kupanga yankho lalifupi komanso lalifupi, chifukwa silinakhazikitsidwebe. Ndipo popeza otsatira nzeru za DevOps amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri, palibe nthawi yoti achite zambiri. Komabe, iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri. Komanso, zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ntchito zauinjiniya. Pali ngakhale malo apadera a chidziwitso - .
Panalibe phunziro loterolo ku yunivesite yanga, ndinayenera kuphunzira zonse ndekha pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe ndingapeze m'ma 90s. Mutuwu ndi wosankha pamaphunziro a uinjiniya, chifukwa chake kusowa kwa mayankho. Koma anthu omwe amizidwa kwambiri mu DevOps amayamba kumva "mzimu" kapena "kumvetsetsa mosazindikira" kwa njira zonse za kampani.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chondichitikira changa, ndinayesa kupanga zina mwa "zolemba" za filosofiyi. Zotsatira zake ndi izi:
- DevOps si chinthu chodziyimira pawokha chomwe chitha kupatulidwa mdera lina lachidziwitso kapena zochitika.
- Onse ogwira ntchito pakampani akuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi njira ya DevOps pokonzekera zochita zawo.
- DevOps imakhudza njira zonse zamakampani.
- DevOps ilipo kuti ichepetse nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zilizonse mkati mwa kampani kuti zitsimikizire chitukuko cha ntchito zake komanso chitonthozo chachikulu chamakasitomala.
- DevOps, m'chinenero chamakono, ndi udindo wa wogwira ntchito aliyense wa kampaniyo, womwe umafuna kuchepetsa nthawi komanso kuwongolera khalidwe lazinthu za IT zomwe zimatizungulira.
Ndikuganiza kuti "zolemba" zanga ndi mutu wosiyana wokambirana. Koma tsopano pali chinachake chomangapo.
Zomwe DevOps Amachita
Mawu ofunika apa ndi kulankhulana. Pali zolumikizana zambiri, zoyambitsa zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndendende injiniya wa DevOps. Ndichoncho chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa iyi ndi filosofi ndi njira, ndipo pokhapokha chidziwitso cha uinjiniya.
Sindingathe kuyankhula ndi chidaliro cha 100% za msika wantchito wakumadzulo. Koma ndikudziwa zambiri za msika wa DevOps ku Russia. Kuphatikiza pa mafunso mazana ambiri, chaka chathachi ndi theka ndakhala ndikugwira nawo ntchito zambiri zaukadaulo za "Implementation of DevOps" zamakampani akuluakulu aku Russia ndi mabanki.
Ku Russia, DevOps akadali wamng'ono kwambiri, koma mutu wamakono. Monga ndikudziwira, ku Moscow kokha kuchepa kwa akatswiri otere mu 2019 kunali anthu opitilira 1000. Ndipo mawu akuti Kubernetes kwa olemba anzawo ntchito amakhala ngati chiguduli chofiira cha ng'ombe. Otsatira a chida ichi ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale pamene sikofunikira komanso opindulitsa pachuma. Olemba ntchito samamvetsetsa nthawi zonse kuti ndi ziti zomwe zili zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ndi kutumizidwa koyenera, kusunga gulu la Kubernetes kumawononga nthawi 2-3 kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yamagulu wamba. Gwiritsirani ntchito pamene mukufunikiradi.
Kukhazikitsa DevOps ndikokwera mtengo pankhani yandalama. Ndipo zimalungamitsidwa kokha pamene zimabweretsa phindu lachuma m'madera ena, osati paokha.
Mainjiniya a DevOps ndiye apainiya - ndi omwe akuyenera kukhala oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi mukampani ndikumanga njira. Kuti izi zitheke, katswiriyo ayenera kumalumikizana nthawi zonse ndi antchito ndi anzawo pamilingo yonse. Monga ndimanenera nthawi zonse, onse ogwira ntchito pakampani akuyenera kutenga nawo gawo pakukhazikitsa kwa DevOps: kuyambira kwa mayi woyeretsa mpaka CEO. Ndipo ichi ndi chofunikira. Ngati membala wocheperako kwambiri sakudziwa ndikumvetsetsa kuti DevOps ndi chiyani komanso chifukwa chake zochita zina zamagulu zimachitikira, ndiye kuti kuchita bwino sikungagwire ntchito.
Komanso, injiniya wa DevOps amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira nthawi ndi nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, kuthana ndi "kukana kwachilengedwe" - pamene gulu silinakonzekere kuvomereza zida ndi njira za DevOps.
Wopangayo azingolemba ma code ndi mayeso. Kuti achite izi, safuna laputopu yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe angayikemo ndikuthandizira kukhazikika kwa polojekiti yonse. Mwachitsanzo, wopanga mapulogalamu akutsogolo amasunga zinthu zonse za pulogalamuyi pa laputopu yake, kuphatikiza database, emulator ya S3 (minio), ndi zina zambiri. Ndiko kuti, amathera nthawi yambiri akusunga zomangamanga zam'deralo ndikumenyana yekha ndi mavuto onse a yankho lotere. M'malo mopanga code yakutsogolo. Anthu oterowo akhoza kukana kwambiri kusintha kulikonse.
Koma pali magulu omwe, m'malo mwake, amasangalala kuyambitsa zida ndi njira zatsopano, ndikuchita nawo ntchitoyi. Ngakhale pankhaniyi, kulumikizana pakati pa injiniya wa DevOps ndi gulu sikunathe.
Pamene DevOps sikufunika
Pali zochitika pomwe DevOps safunikira. Izi ndi zoona - ziyenera kumvetsetsedwa ndikuvomerezedwa.
Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito kumakampani aliwonse (makamaka mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono), pomwe phindu lawo silidalira mwachindunji kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa zinthu za IT zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso kwa makasitomala. Ndipo apa sitikulankhula za webusayiti ya kampaniyo, kaya ikhale "khadi labizinesi" kapena lokhala ndi midadada yamphamvu, ndi zina zambiri.
Ma DevOps amafunikira ngati kukhutitsidwa kwa kasitomala wanu komanso kufunitsitsa kwake kubwereranso kwa inu kumadalira kupezeka kwa zidziwitso izi polumikizana ndi kasitomala, mtundu wawo komanso zomwe akufuna.
Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi ndi banki imodzi yodziwika bwino. Kampaniyo ilibe maofesi anthawi zonse amakasitomala, kutulutsa zikalata kumachitika kudzera pamakalata kapena makalata, ndipo antchito ambiri amagwira ntchito kunyumba. Kampaniyo yasiya kukhala banki chabe ndipo, mwa lingaliro langa, yasanduka kampani ya IT yokhala ndi matekinoloje opangidwa ndi DevOps.
Zitsanzo zina zambiri ndi maphunziro atha kupezeka muzojambula zamisonkhano yamagulu ndi misonkhano. Ndinayendera ena mwa iwo pandekha - ichi ndi chothandiza kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akufuna kukulitsa mbali iyi. Nawa maulalo amakanema a YouTube okhala ndi maphunziro abwino ndi zida pa DevOps:
Tsopano yang'anani bizinesi yanu ndipo ganizirani izi: Kodi kampani yanu ndi phindu lake zimadalira pa zinthu za IT kuti athe kulumikizana ndi makasitomala?
Ngati kampani yanu imagulitsa nsomba m'sitolo yaying'ono ndipo chinthu chokhacho cha IT ndi awiri 1C: Kukonzekera kwa Enterprise (Accounting ndi UNF), ndiye kuti sizomveka kunena za DevOps.
Ngati mumagwira ntchito m'makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa ndi kupanga (mwachitsanzo, mumapanga mfuti zosaka), ndiye muyenera kuganizira. Mutha kuchitapo kanthu ndikuwuza oyang'anira anu ziyembekezo zakukhazikitsa DevOps. Chabwino, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kutsogolera ndondomekoyi. Udindo wokhazikika ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za filosofi ya DevOps.
Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwongola dzanja chapachaka sichofunikira kwambiri kuti muwone ngati kampani yanu ikufunika DevOps.
Tiyeni tiyerekeze bizinesi yayikulu yamafakitale yomwe simalumikizana mwachindunji ndi makasitomala. Mwachitsanzo, ena opanga magalimoto ndi makampani opanga magalimoto. Sindikudziwa tsopano, koma kuchokera pazomwe ndakumana nazo, kwa zaka zambiri kuyanjana kwamakasitomala kunkachitika kudzera pa imelo ndi foni.
Makasitomala awo ndi mndandanda wochepera wa ogulitsa magalimoto. Ndipo aliyense amapatsidwa katswiri kuchokera kwa wopanga. Zolemba zonse zamkati zimayenda kudzera mu SAP ERP. Ogwira ntchito amkati amakhala makasitomala a chidziwitso. Koma iyi IS imayendetsedwa ndi njira zakale zoyendetsera ma cluster systems. Zomwe siziphatikiza kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a DevOps.
Chifukwa chake pomaliza: kwa mabizinesi oterowo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa DevOps sikofunikira kwambiri, ngati tikumbukira zolinga za njira kuyambira koyambirira kwa nkhaniyi. Koma sindikutsutsa kuti amagwiritsa ntchito zida za DevOps lero.
Kumbali inayi, pali makampani ang'onoang'ono ambiri omwe amapanga mapulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya DevOps, filosofi, machitidwe ndi zida. Ndipo amakhulupirira kuti mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito DevOps ndi mtengo umene umawalola kuti apikisane bwino pamsika wa mapulogalamu. Zitsanzo zamakampani otere zitha kuwoneka .
Mulingo waukulu womvetsetsa ngati DevOps ikufunika: mtengo wanji wazinthu za IT kwa kampani ndi makasitomala.
Ngati chinthu chachikulu cha kampani chomwe chimapanga phindu ndi mapulogalamu, muyenera DevOps. Ndipo sizofunika kwambiri ngati mutapeza ndalama zenizeni pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina. Izi zikuphatikizanso malo ogulitsira pa intaneti kapena mapulogalamu am'manja okhala ndi masewera.
Masewera aliwonse amakhalapo chifukwa chandalama: mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika kuchokera kwa osewera. Ku Playgendary, timapanga masewera am'manja aulere ndi anthu opitilira 200 omwe akutenga nawo gawo pakupanga kwawo. Kodi timagwiritsa ntchito bwanji DevOps?
Inde, chimodzimodzi monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Ndimalankhulana pafupipafupi ndi opanga ndi oyesa, ndikuchita maphunziro amkati kwa ogwira ntchito pa njira ndi zida za DevOps.
Tsopano tikugwiritsa ntchito Jenkins mwachangu ngati chida cha mapaipi a CI/CD popangira mapaipi onse osonkhana ndi Umodzi ndikutumiza ku App Store ndi Play Market. Zambiri kuchokera ku zida zachikale:
- Asana - kwa oyang'anira polojekiti. Kuphatikiza ndi Jenkins kwakonzedwa.
- Google Meet - pamisonkhano yamakanema.
- Slack - pazolumikizana ndi zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zidziwitso zochokera ku Jenkins.
- Atlassian Confluence - zolemba ndi ntchito zamagulu.
Zolinga zathu zaposachedwa zikuphatikiza kuyambitsa kusanthula kwa ma static code pogwiritsa ntchito SonarQube ndikuyesa makina a UI pogwiritsa ntchito Selenium pagawo la Continuous Integration.
M'malo mapeto
Ndikufuna kutsiriza ndi lingaliro ili: kuti mukhale injiniya wodziwa bwino za DevOps, ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe mungalankhulire ndi anthu.
Katswiri wa DevOps ndi wosewera pagulu. Ndipo palibe china. Njira yolankhulirana ndi ogwira nawo ntchito iyenera kubwera kuchokera kwa iye, osati chifukwa cha zochitika zina. Katswiri wa DevOps ayenera kuwona ndikupereka njira yabwino yothetsera gululo.
Ndipo inde, kukhazikitsidwa kwa yankho lililonse kudzafuna kukambirana kwakukulu, ndipo pamapeto pake zikhoza kusintha palimodzi. Kupanga modziyimira pawokha, kufunsira ndikugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ake, munthu woteroyo amakhala wofunikira kwa gulu komanso kwa olemba ntchito. Zomwe, pamapeto pake, zimawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa malipiro ake pamwezi kapena ngati ma bonasi owonjezera.
Source: www.habr.com