Nthawi yomaliza za kuchepa kwa IPv4 - za omwe ali ndi gawo laling'ono la ma adilesi otsala ndi chifukwa chake izi zidachitika. Lero tikukambirana njira ina - IPv6 protocol ndi zifukwa zomwe zimafalikira pang'onopang'ono - ena amanena kuti kukwera mtengo kwa kusamuka ndiko chifukwa, pamene ena amati luso lamakono latha kale.
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Ndani akukhazikitsa IPv6
IPv6 idakhalapo kuyambira chapakati pa zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi - ndipamene ma RFC oyamba adawonekera akufotokoza momwe amagwirira ntchito (mwachitsanzo, ). Kwa zaka zambiri, ndondomekoyi idakonzedwanso ndikuyesedwa mpaka idachitika mu 2012. ndipo opereka akuluakulu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito - AT&T, Comcast, Internode ndi XS4ALL anali m'gulu loyamba.
Pambuyo pake adalumikizidwa ndi makampani ena a IT, monga Facebook. Masiku ano, oposa theka la anthu ochezera pa Intaneti akuchokera ku United States ndi mtundu wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa protocol. Magalimoto a IPv6 akuchulukirachulukira m'maiko aku Asia - Vietnam ndi Taiwan.
IPv6 ikukwezedwa pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi - ku UN. Chimodzi mwa magawo a bungwe chaka chatha chinaperekedwa . Olemba ake adapereka lingaliro la kusamuka kupita ku IPv6 ndikupereka malingaliro ogwirira ntchito ndi ma prefixes a mabungwe aboma ndi makampani wamba.
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Kumayambiriro kwa chaka Cisco , yomwe idati pofika chaka cha 2022 kuchuluka kwa magalimoto a IPv6 kudzachulukana kanayi poyerekeza ndi 2019 (). Komabe, ngakhale kuthandizidwa kogwira ntchito kwa mtundu wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa protocol, chitukuko choterechi chikuwoneka ngati chosatheka. IPv6 ikufalikira pang'onopang'ono padziko lonse lapansi - ikuthandizidwa pano masamba. Ndipo pali zifukwa zingapo za izi.
Zomwe zimachepetsa kukhazikitsa
Choyamba, zovuta zaukadaulo. Kuti musinthe kukhala IPv6, nthawi zambiri mumafunika kusintha zida zanu ndikuzikonza. Pankhani ya zomangamanga zazikulu za IT, ntchitoyi ikhoza kukhala yopanda pake. Mwachitsanzo, wopanga masewera SIE Worldwide Studios adayesa kusintha mtundu wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa protocol . Mainjiniya adakonzanso kamangidwe kamaneti, adachotsa NAT ndikuwongolera malamulo oteteza moto. Koma sanathe kusamukira kwathunthu ku IPv6. Zotsatira zake, gululo lidaganiza zosiya lingaliroli ndikuletsa ntchitoyi.
Chachiwiri, kukwera mtengo kwa kusintha. Inde, pali zitsanzo m'makampani momwe kusintha kwa IPv6 kunalola kampani kusunga ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa akuluakulu opereka Intaneti ku Australia kuti kusamukira ku IPv6 kudzawononga ndalama zochepa kuposa kugula ma adilesi owonjezera a IPv4. Komabe, ngakhale pamenepa, ndalama zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pogula zipangizo, kuphunzitsanso antchito ndi kukonzanso mapangano ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
Zotsatira zake, kusamukira ku protocol ya m'badwo watsopano kumawononga ndalama zambiri kwamakampani ena. Choncho, bwanji injiniya wotsogola m'modzi mwa opereka intaneti aku Britain, pomwe chilichonse chidzagwira ntchito bwino pa IPv4, kusintha kwa IPv6 sikudzachitika.
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Akatswiri amawonanso kuti pazaka khumi zapitazi, mtundu wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa protocol zachikale kale. Engineers ochokera ku yunivesite ya Rutgers kuti IPv6 (monga m'mbuyo mwake) ndiyosayenera kugwira ntchito pamanetiweki am'manja. Wogwiritsa ntchito akamachoka pamalo ena olowera kupita ku ena, njira zoperekera "zakale" zimakhala ndi udindo wosintha masiteshoni oyambira. M'tsogolomu, pamene chiwerengero cha ma adilesi a IP ndi mafoni a m'manja padziko lapansi chikuwonjezeka kwambiri, izi zingayambitse kuchedwa panthawi yogwirizanitsa.
Mwa zina zomwe zimachepetsa kusintha kwa IPv6, akatswiri amawunikira kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa ntchito protocol yatsopano. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, m'maiko a Asia-Pacific, mapaketi amafalitsidwa kudzera pa IPv4 mwachangu kuposa IPv6 (). Ku Africa kapena ku Latin America palibe kusiyana kulikonse pakuthamanga kwa data.
Zoyembekeza zake ndi zotani
Ngakhale pali zovuta zonse, akatswiri ena akukhulupirira kuti IPv6 ili ndi βtsogolo lowalaβ. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amapanga ma protocol a TCP/IP, Vinton Cerf, kutchuka kwa IPv6 kukukula pang'onopang'ono, koma zonse sizikutayika pa protocol.
John Curran, pulezidenti wa American Internet registrar ARIN, amavomereza mfundo imeneyi. Iye , kuti opereka intaneti akulu okha ndiwo adawona kuchepa kwa IPv4. Makampani ang'onoang'ono ndi ogwiritsa ntchito wamba sazindikira vuto lililonse. Chifukwa chake, malingaliro olakwika atha kupangidwa kuti mtundu wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa protocol "wamwalira." Ndipo posachedwa (ngati mukukhulupirira zolosera za Cisco), IPv6 iyenera kufulumizitsa kufalikira kwake padziko lonse lapansi.
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Source: www.habr.com