Kusintha:
Azat Khadiev: Moni. Dzina langa ndine Azat Khadiev. Ndine wopanga PaaS ku Mail.ru Cloud Solutions. Ndili ndi Pavel Selivanov wochokera ku Southbridge. Tili ku msonkhano wa DevOpsDays. Akhala akukamba za momwe mungapangire DevOps ndi Kubernetes, koma mwina mudzalephera. N’chifukwa chiyani nkhani yoipayi?
Pavel Selivanov: Sizomvetsa chisoni kwenikweni. Zili choncho chifukwa tikuyesera kuthetsa mavuto ambiri m'dera lathu ndi luso lamakono. Ndipo tikuyesera kuwathetsa m'njira ya mbali imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, Kubenetes ndi chinthu chomwecho-ndichinthu chomwe Ops ali nacho, mukhoza kunena. Koma tili ndi lingaliro lodabwitsa ili la injiniya wa DevOps. Katswiri wa DevOps ali ndi udindo wa Kubernetes. Ndipo komabe ... Zili ngati, mumamanga Kubernetes, ndipo anyamata a Dev sadziwa ngakhale zinthu zonsezi za Kubernetes, sadziwa zomwe zimakulolani kuchita-ndipo chirichonse chimagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi kwa iwo. Ndipo izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti Kubernetes ili ndi mayankho okonzeka, zida zokonzekera zogwiritsira ntchito teknolojiyi kukulitsa njira iyi ya DevOps, kulankhulana pakati pa Dev ndi Ops. Ndife ochepa kwambiri timagwiritsa ntchito mwayi umenewu. Posamutsa ngakhale zida zathu zamakono kupita ku zida zonsezi za DevOps-Docker, Kubernetes, mitambo, ndi zina zotero-tikupangitsa kuti izi zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Ndipo tikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zida m'njira zomwe sizinapangidwe kuti zigwiritsidwe. Ndipo matekinoloje onsewa akumangidwa mozungulira ndodo zowopsa kwambiri.
Azat Khadiev: Ndikuwona. Zimamveka ngati mutu waukulu. Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndizovuta ziti zomwe makampani amakumana nazo pakali pano? Ndi Kubernetes.
Pavel Selivanov: Vuto lofala kwambiri ndi Kubernetes ndi kusowa kwaukadaulo. Ili ndi vuto lofala mu IT. Nthawi zonse pamakhala kusowa kwa akatswiri. Nthawi zonse pamakhala kusowa kwa ukatswiri. Ndipo pakali pano, ndi Kubernetes, pali kuchepa kwa luso. Pakadali pano, pali mayankho ochepa okonzeka pamsika omwe angalole munthu kupeza Kubernetes popanda ukadaulo wofunikira. Ndipo zomwe zilipo, zonse zimadzutsa mafunso. Ndi Kubernetes, timayang'ana nthawi zonse anthu omwe amamvetsetsa izi. Tikuyesera kukonza chitukuko chathu kuti zigwirizane ndi izi.
Azat Khadiyev: Ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa talente mu IT. Zomwe zakhalapo ndipo zilipobe. Kodi mukuganiza kuti tingakhale bwanji m’mikhalidwe imeneyi? Kodi ma hacks a moyo ndi ati?
Pavel Selivanov: Lifehacks. Choyamba, kuchokera pamalingaliro amtambo, lifehack imawoneka motere: tiyeni tipatseni luso lanu. Ndipo tidzadzitengera tokha. Ndipo tidzasamalira mkati. Ndipo zonse nzabwino. Pokhapokha kuti ndizofunika kumvetsetsa kwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito izi ... Zowonadi, ndi mfundo yodabwitsa ... Koma ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti popereka zina mwazochita zanu kumtambo kapena wothandizira, timapeza yankho lachidziwitso chonse pobwezera. Mwachidule, tili ndi database yomwe imachita zinthu zenizeni, ndipo idakonzedwa mwachindunji. Posamutsa deta iyi kumtambo, tikhoza, ndithudi, kuthamangitsa woyang'anira yemwe ankayang'anira magulu a database-Amazon kapena Google adzatichitira. Koma nthawi yomweyo, Amazon kapena Google sangatilole kuti tikonze zosungira zathu. Ntchito zazikulu, makampani akuluakulu - amamaliza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera mitambo nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo, ndiyeno mosakayika amabwerera kutengera luso lawo m'nyumba chifukwa maluso apadera amafunikira.
Azat Khadiev: Kodi mayankho apadziko lonse lapansi ndi oyipa, kapena angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zambiri?
Pavel Selivanov: Ayi, zothetsera zonse sizoyipa. Mayankho a Universal ndi abwino. Ndi njira chabe zapadziko lonse ... zapadziko lonse. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa izi. Zili ngati kutenga script wamba... Ngati mutha kupanga malingaliro akampani yonse mozungulira izi, kugwiritsa ntchito kwanthawi zonse, ndiye kuti ndizabwino. Koma ngati malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito ali osiyana, koma mutenga yankho lachilengedwe chonsechi, script yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikuyamba kuyesa zonsezo mu gawo limodzi, ndizoipa. Ndipo palibe cholakwika ndi Universalism palokha.
Azat Khadiev: Ngati adminyu akukugwirani ntchito kale, si nkhani yomuchotsa ntchito. Adzatha kuchita zambiri.
Pavel Selivanov: Inde, chotsani chizoloŵezicho ndikuchipereka kwa wina kuti chichitike kwinakwake. Ndithudi imeneyo ndi njira yabwino. Chofunikira apa ndikuti yankho lokhazikika ili ndiloyenera pazochitika zinazake.
Azat Khadiev: Kutengera zomwe ndakumana nazo, ndikuwona kuti makampani ambiri akuchita zomwezo. Akukhazikitsa gulu la Kubernetes ndikuganiza zokulikulitsa. Ndipo machitidwe onsewa ndi obwerezabwereza kwambiri.
Pavel Selivanov: Inde, mwamtheradi. Makamaka popeza, ngati titenga Kubernetes mwachindunji, pali kuchepa kwenikweni kwa chidziwitso chakuya, chabwino chokhudza Kubernetes pamsika pakali pano. Kubernetes ndi pulogalamu yayikulu kwambiri kotero kuti mukayilemba ganyu, khalani okonzeka kubwereka mainjiniya wanthawi zonse kuti agwire ntchitoyo. Ndipo ndizokwera mtengo. Ndipo kupeza injiniya wotero ndi kovuta. Kudziyankhulira ndekha, sindine wokonda kwambiri mayankho amtambo chifukwa ndimamvetsetsa bwino komanso mozama momwe Kubernetes amagwirira ntchito. Ndipo nthawi zambiri ndimapeza kuti mayankho amtambo alibe ntchito zomwe ndimapempha, ndipo amandiuza kuti, "Ayi, sizingatheke." Chabwino, zikatero, pepani, koma ndikhoza kuchita bwino kuposa njira zothetsera mitambo. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngati mulibe injiniya wanthawi zonse ndipo simukufuna kulipira wina kuti agwire Kubernetes, ndipo nthawi zonse mumawalipira ndalama zambiri kuti muyesere, ndiye kuti mtambo ndi yankho lalikulu. Chifukwa osachepera anthu ogwira ntchito kumeneko adalembedwa kale ndi wothandizira. Ndipo iwo akudziwa chimene iwo akuchita. Ndipo zinthu zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku zilipo.
Azat Khadiev: Mukuganiza bwanji za Kubernetes pano? Zidzawoneka bwanji zaka zisanu kapena khumi?
Pavel Selivanov: Funso labwino. Ndikungodziwa zomwe zikuchitika mdera lathu pankhani iyi. Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti sipadzakhala chilichonse chotsala kupatulapo Kubernetes. Mkhalidwe womwe unachitika ndi Linux kalekale. Ndiko kuti, kunja Linux Pali anthu omwe amakhala ndi BSD, mwina ali ndi ntchito zinazake. Pali anthu omwe amagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo a BSD. Windows — Ma seva a Windows — mwina ali ndi ntchito zinazake, kapena ali ndi luso pankhaniyi ndipo sali okonzeka kuchoka pamenepo. Mulimonsemo, muyezo mumakampani athu ndi LinuxPali lingaliro lakuti Kubernetes idzakhala muyezo weniweni, ndipo palibe china chomwe chidzakhalapo. Kubernetes idzayang'anira osati mapulogalamu okha, kuyika kwawo, kuyika, ndi kukulitsa. Idzayang'anira chilichonse. Anthu tsopano akufunsa kuti, "Kodi n'zotheka kuyika database mu Kubernetes?" Nthawi zambiri ndimanena kuti vuto pano si Kubernetes, koma Docker. Ngati mwakonzeka kuti database yanu igwire ntchito m'makontena, idzagwira ntchito bwanji? Amandiuza kuti, "Ayi, ayi, ayi, dikirani. Simukufuna makontena. Mukufuna Kubernetes. Tidzayika pa node. Chifukwa chake chilichonse chidzakhala chimodzimodzi monga momwe tilili pano, Kubernetes okha ndi omwe adzayang'anira zonse." Ndipo lingaliro labwino kwambiri. Kotero, Kubernetes ndi mtundu wa chinthu chomwe chimakulolani kubwera ku kampani, ngati kampaniyo ili ndi Kubernetes ndi njira zake zomangidwira, ndiye kuti munthu amene akumvetsa akhoza kungokhala masiku angapo akugwira ntchito nayo ndikunena kuti, "Ndili wokonzeka kukuthandizani. Mokwanira. Njira yonse. Ndikumvetsa momwe chilichonse chimagwirira ntchito kwa inu." Mosiyana ndi njira zopanda Kubernetes—apanga njira imodzi, kenako ina. Nayi Ansible, nayi Terraform. Winawake analemba zonsezi, ndipo zimatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti zidziwike. Chifukwa chake, sindikudziwa ngati Kubernetes idzakhala muyezo weniweni. Pakadali pano, ikuwoneka yodzipereka kwambiri komanso yodalirika kuposa mayankho ozungulira.
Azat Khadiev: Chabwino, kuyerekeza ndi Linux Ndi yolimba mtima kwambiri. Imagwira ntchito pa makina amodzi—ndizo zonse. Koma Kubernetes imagwira ntchito pa makina ambiri. Pali zifukwa zambirimbiri zomwe zimabuka nthawi yomweyo. Inde, ndi yolimba mtima. Koma ganizirani kuti chitsanzo ichi chili ndi opikisana nawo. Mwachitsanzo, Serverless. Kodi Kubernetes ali pachiwopsezo ndi opikisana nawo otere?
Pavel Selivanov: Kuchokera ku Serverless... (kuseka) Serverless - tikumvetsabe zimenezo Seva Pali, ngakhale zili choncho. Posachedwapa ndamva lipoti lokhudza izi. Munthu amene analipo anati pali ma seva, koma ndiye mtambo. Koma nthawi zonse tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mtambo ulinso ndi ma seva. Pali ma seva enieni a hardware, rack, ndipo amaikidwa kwinakwake. Umenewo ndi mtambo. Pamwamba pa zimenezo, pali Serverless, komwe maseva "Ayi." Ndiye funso nlakuti, kodi Serverless idzapambana Kubernetes? Ndikuganiza kuti Serverless idzasamukira ku Kubernetes. Kwa opereka chithandizo omwe amapereka Serverless, Kubernetes ndi nsanja yabwino kwambiri pa izi. Inde, mwina nthawi ina tidzasiya kulankhula za Kubernetes ngati chida chokhazikika chopangira mapulogalamu abizinesi. Koma kwinakwake mkati, opereka chithandizo ndi mainjiniya adzakhala ndi Kubernetes, komwe zonsezi zidzachitika.
Azat Khadiev: Pamutu wosiyana pang'ono. Pali lingaliro ili la injiniya wochuluka. Mukuganiza bwanji za iwo? Kodi zilipo?
Pavel Selivanov: Um ... Wopanga makina odzaza ... Chabwino, ndikuganiza kuti ndi bwino kusiyanitsa pakati pa zinthu izi ... Mukudziwa, pali zinthu monga anthu opangidwa ndi T. Kodi anthu otere akufunika m'makampani masiku ano? Inde, n’zofunikadi. Tikufuna anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro otakata, komanso akatswiri pantchito yopapatiza. Ndipo injiniya wodzaza ndi chinthu chomwecho pano-munthu amene amachita chilichonse. Kuchokera ku chitukuko chakutsogolo, kuyesa, kubwerera kumbuyo, ku maseva, ndi china chilichonse. Sindikhulupirira kuti pakampani yayikulu, munthu m'modzi atha kuchita zonsezi popanda kukhala ndi luso lapadera pagawo lililonse. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kungokhala ndi luso lochepa, monga, "Sindikudziwa kalikonse pa zomwe zikuchitika pano," sizikugwiranso ntchito masiku ano. Kotero apa ine ndikanati^Ine ndikanataya mawu oti "fullstack." Timafunikiradi mainjiniya. Tikufuna DevOps. Ndikumva kuti posachedwapa tilingaliranso mfundoyi. Ndipo sadzasowa.
Azat Khadiev: Kodi mungawulule?
Pavel Selivanov: Ndikuganiza kuti tifika pakampani pomwe maudindo a Dev ndi Ops atha posachedwapa. Ngati tikufuna akatswiri ndipo tikusaka... Tikufuna wopanga mapulogalamu otere, tikufuna owongolera oterowo, tikufuna mainjiniya a DevOps — tili nawo tsopano, ndipo posachedwa tidzakhalanso ndi akatswiri opanga zinthu ndi akatswiri a SRE. Ngakhale, kwenikweni, zomwe timafunikira ndi mainjiniya omwe tikufuna kuwalemba ntchito. Mbiri ndi yosafunika kwenikweni. Chifukwa ... Mwachitsanzo, ma SRE amanena kuti zovuta zowonongeka nthawi zonse zimakhala zokhudzana ndi mapulogalamu. Kotero ... Tiyeni tigule omanga-kuchokera ku lingaliro lakuti wopanga ndi injiniya-ndikuwaika mu dipatimenti yothandizira, ndipo adzathetsa mavutowa mofanana ndi momwe amathetsera mavuto a bizinesi ndi code, ndi engineering per se.
Azat Khadiev: Ndipo kuchokera pamalingaliro awa ... Momwe mungayankhire akatswiri otere?
Pavel Selivanov: Funso labwino limenelo. Mwina silikumveka bwino za dziko lino. Koma ndingopereka chitsanzo. Silikugwirizana ndi kuyankhulana. Likukhudza dongosolo lathu la maphunziro ku Russia. Mu IT, tikudziwa kuti dongosolo lathu la maphunziro ku Russia ndi lakale kwambiri padziko lonse la IT; silili momwe liyenera kukhalira. Ndikulankhula za Russia yayikulu, pafupifupi, ndi zomwe zikuchitika kumeneko. Anthu akumaliza maphunziro awo omwe sali okonzeka kulowa mu intaneti kapena kampani yaukadaulo tsiku lotsatira atamaliza maphunziro awo. Ndipo akuganiza kuti ndizoipa. Tikuwaphunzitsa zinthu zachilendo, ngakhale kuti tiyenera kuwaphunzitsa kuti awapange. Android, pa iOS, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Git ndi zina zotero. Kwenikweni, zikuwoneka ngati sizili choncho. Koleji ndi nthawi yomwe makolo anu amakulipirani kwambiri. Kwa moyo wanu wonse. Ndipo mutha kudzipereka zaka zisanu za moyo wanu kuphunzira mozama. Ndi kuphunzira chinthu chonsechi chokhala ngati T. Mukatha kuphunzira ku koleji kuti njira yowongolera mabaibulo ndi chiyani, njira zotani zomwe zilipo, momwe mungayesere zonsezi, ma database ndi ma load balancers omwe alipo. Ndipo mukapita kuntchito, mumayamba kufufuza mozama m'dera linalake. Ndipo ndi momwe timapezera mainjiniya. Ndipo dongosolo lathu la maphunziro ku Russia lili pafupi kwambiri ndi chowonadi ichi kuposa momwe timaganizira. Timapatsidwa maphunziro abwino a masamu, maphunziro abwino a algorithmic, timapatsidwa kumvetsetsa zilankhulo zamapulogalamu. Ndipo pankhani yoyankhulana, ndikuganiza china chake chofanana ndi ichi. Tiyenera kuyankhulana ndi mainjiniya. Tikufuna gawo lapamwamba la T mwa wophunzira wokhala ngati T. Chifukwa lidzakhala ndi mzere wowongoka wa T.
Azat Khadiev: Inde, ndizosangalatsa. Kwa zaka zisanu nditapita ku koleji, ndinkaganiza kuti maphunziro anga anali achilendo komanso osakwanira. Koma pambuyo pake, pamene ntchito yanga inkapitirira, pamene ntchitozo zinakhala zovuta kwambiri ndi ntchito zazikulu, ndinazindikira kuti, ayi, ndinaphunzitsidwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Pavel, zikomo. Zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri kumva mayankho anu. Tiyeni timvetsere lipoti lanu.
Pavel Selivanov: Zikomo.
Source: www.habr.com
