Kampani ya Quantum Communications imapanga makina osindikizira ofunika kwambiri. Mbali yawo yayikulu ndikusatheka kwa "wiretapping".
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Chifukwa chiyani ma network a quantum akugwiritsidwa ntchito?
Deta imaonedwa kuti ndi yotetezedwa ngati nthawi yake yomasulira idutsa kwambiri "tsiku lotha ntchito". Masiku ano, zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa chikhalidwe ichi - izi ndi chifukwa cha chitukuko cha makompyuta apamwamba. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, gulu la makompyuta 80 a Pentium 4 "ophunzitsidwa bwino" () 1024-bit RSA encryption m'maola 104 okha.
Pakompyuta yayikulu, nthawi ino ikhala yayifupi kwambiri, koma imodzi mwamayankho avutoli ikhoza kukhala "cipher wamphamvu kwambiri," lingaliro lomwe Shannon adapereka. M'makina otere, makiyi amapangidwa kwa uthenga uliwonse, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwidwa.
Apa, njira yatsopano yolumikizirana idzapulumutsa - maukonde a quantum omwe amatumiza deta (makiyi a cryptographic) pogwiritsa ntchito mafotoni amodzi. Poyesa kulumikiza chizindikiro, ma photon awa amawonongeka, zomwe zimakhala ngati chizindikiro cha kulowa mu tchanelo. Njira yotumizira deta yotereyi ikupangidwa ndi kagulu kakang'ono katsopano ka ITMO University - Quantum Communications. Otsogolera ndi Arthur Gleim, mkulu wa Quantum Information Laboratory, ndi Sergei Kozlov, mkulu wa International Institute of Photonics ndi Optoinformatics.
Momwe luso laukadaulo limagwirira ntchito
Zimatengera njira yolumikizirana ya quantum pama frequency ammbali. Chodabwitsa chake ndikuti ma photon amodzi samatulutsidwa mwachindunji ndi gwero. Amanyamulidwira kufupi ndi ma frequency chifukwa cha kusintha kwa gawo la ma pulses a classical. Kutalika pakati pa ma frequency onyamula ndi ma subfrequencies ndi pafupifupi 10-20 pm. Njirayi imakulolani kuti muulutse chizindikiro cha quantum pamtunda wa mamita 200 pa liwiro la 400 Mbit / s.
Zimagwira ntchito motere: laser yapadera imapanga pulse ndi kutalika kwa 1550 nm ndikutumiza ku electro-optical phase modulator. Pambuyo posintha, ma frequency awiri am'mbali amawonekera omwe amasiyana ndi chonyamulira ndi kuchuluka kwa siginecha ya wailesi.
Chotsatira, pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa gawo, chizindikirocho chimasindikizidwa pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndikutumizidwa ku mbali yolandira. Ikafika pa wolandila, fyuluta yowoneka bwino imatulutsa chizindikiro cham'mbali (pogwiritsa ntchito chowunikira cha photon), imasinthiranso gawo, ndikuchotsa deta.
Zomwe zimafunikira kuti mukhazikitse kulumikizana kotetezeka zimasinthidwa panjira yotseguka. Kiyi "yaiwisi" imapangidwa nthawi imodzi mumagawo otumizira ndi kulandira. Mulingo wolakwika umawerengeredwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa ngati panali kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki. Ngati zonse zili bwino, ndiye kuti zolakwikazo zimakonzedwa, ndipo chinsinsi chachinsinsi cha cryptographic chimapangidwa mu ma modules otumizira ndi kulandira.
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Zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika
Ngakhale kuti "kusatheka" kwa ma network a quantum, samapereka chitetezo chokwanira cha cryptographic. Zida zimakhudza kwambiri chitetezo. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, gulu la mainjiniya ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Waterloo adapeza chiwopsezo chomwe chingalole kuti deta ilowe mu network ya quantum. Zinali zogwirizana ndi kuthekera kwa "kuchititsa khungu" photodetector. Mukawunikira kuwala kowala pa chowunikira, chimakhala chodzaza ndikusiya kulembetsa mafotoni. Kenako, posintha mphamvu ya kuwala, mutha kuwongolera sensa ndikupusitsa dongosolo.
Kuti athetse vutoli, mfundo zoyendetsera olandila ziyenera kusinthidwa. Pali kale chiwembu cha zida zotetezedwa zomwe sizikhudzidwa ndi zowunikira - zowunikira izi sizikuphatikizidwamo. Koma njira zoterezi zimawonjezera mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a quantum ndipo sizinapitirirebe ma labotale.
βTimu yathu ikugwiranso ntchito motere. Timagwirizana ndi akatswiri aku Canada ndi magulu ena akunja ndi achi Russia. Ngati titha kutseka ziwopsezo pamlingo wa hardware, ndiye kuti maukonde a quantum adzafalikira ndipo adzakhala malo oyesera matekinoloje atsopano, "akutero Arthur Gleim.
Zoyembekeza
Makampani akunyumba akuchulukirachulukira akuwonetsa chidwi ndi mayankho a quantum. Quantum Communications LLC yokha ndi yomwe imapatsa makasitomala makina asanu otumizira ma data pachaka. Seti imodzi ya zida, kutengera mtundu (kuyambira 10 mpaka 200 Km), imawononga ma ruble 10-12 miliyoni. Mtengowu ndi wofanana ndi ma analogue akunja okhala ndi magawo ocheperako.
Chaka chino, Quantum Communications idalandira ndalama zokwana ma ruble miliyoni miliyoni. Ndalamazi zithandiza kampaniyo kubweretsa malonda ku msika wapadziko lonse. Ena a iwo adzapita ku chitukuko cha ntchito za chipani chachitatu. Makamaka, kulengedwa kwa machitidwe owongolera quantum kwa malo ogawa deta. Gululi limadalira machitidwe a modular omwe angaphatikizidwe muzinthu zamakono za IT.
Makina otumizira ma data a Quantum adzakhala maziko a mtundu watsopano wa zomangamanga m'tsogolomu. Maukonde a SDN adzawoneka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina ogawa makiyi a quantum ophatikizidwa ndi kubisa kwachikhalidwe kuti ateteze deta.
Masamu a cryptography adzapitiriza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza chidziwitso ndi nthawi yochepa yachinsinsi, ndipo njira za quantum zidzapeza niche yawo m'madera omwe chitetezo cha deta chikufunika.
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Source: www.habr.com